单项选择题 (题正确答案序号填入括号题2分计30分)
1.承载力极限状态设计钢结构时应考虑( )
A.荷载效应基组合
B.荷载效应标准组合
C.荷载效应基组合必时尚应考虑荷载效应偶然组合
D.荷载效应频遇组合
2.钢材设计强度根( )确定
A.例极限 B.弹性极限
C.屈服点 D.抗拉强度
3.四种厚度等16Mn钢钢板中( )钢板设计强度高
A.16mm B.20mm C.25mm D.30mm
4.钢材低温塑性( )
A.提高 B.降低 C.变 D.确定
5.钢材疲劳强度影响显著( )
A.应力幅 B.应力 C.钢种 D.应力循环次数
6.普通螺栓受剪连接四种破坏形式(Ⅰ)螺杆剪断(Ⅱ)壁孔挤压破坏(Ⅲ)构件拉断 (Ⅳ)端部钢板剪破坏设计时应述( )组进行计算
A.(Ⅰ)(Ⅱ) B.(Ⅰ)(Ⅱ)(Ⅲ)(Ⅳ)
C.(Ⅰ)(Ⅱ)(Ⅲ) D.(Ⅰ)(Ⅱ)(Ⅳ)
7.关重级工作制吊车焊接吊车梁腹板翼缘间焊缝( )
A.必须采级焊透接焊缝 B.采三级焊透接焊缝
C.必须采角焊缝 D.采二级焊透接焊缝
8.受剪力作摩擦型高强度螺栓受拉力应低预拉力( )倍
A.10 B. 05 C.08 D. 07
9.提高轴心受压构件整体稳定构件截面面积变情况构件截面形式应面积分布( )
A. 集中截面形心处 B. 远离形心
C. 意分布影响 D. 集中截面剪切中心
10.孔眼等削弱轴心拉杆承载力钢结构设计规范采准净截面( )
A.应力达钢材屈服点 B.均应力达钢材屈服点
C.应力达钢材抗拉强度 D.均应力达钢材抗拉强度
11.轴心压杆强度稳定应分满足( )
A.
B.
C.
D.
12.提高轴心受压构件局部稳定常合理方法( )
A.增加板件宽厚 B.增加板件厚度
C.增加板件宽度 D.设置横加劲肋
13.验算工字形截面梁折算应力公式式中应( )
A.验算截面中正应力剪应力
B.验算截面中正应力验算点剪应力
C.验算截面中剪应力验算点正应力
D.验算截面中验算点正应力剪应力
14.双肢格构式受压柱实轴x-x虚轴y-y应根( )确定肢件间距离
A. B.
C. D. 强度条件
15.单轴称截面压弯构件弯矩作称轴面较翼缘受压时构件达界状态应力分布( )
A.拉压侧出现塑性
B.受压侧出现塑性
C.受拉侧出现塑性
D.拉压侧会出现塑性
二判断题(正确划 √错误划× 题2分计30分)
1. 承载力极限状态包括构件连接强度破坏疲劳破坏度变形适继续承载状态( )
2.钢材强度温度升高增钢材塑性韧性温度升高降低( )
3.脱氧方法钢分沸腾钢半镇静钢镇静钢特殊镇静钢中沸腾钢脱氧充分 ( )
4. 100×80×8表示等边角钢长边宽100mm短边宽80mm厚8mm ( )
5.摩擦型高强度螺栓连接螺栓剪坏承压破坏作连接承载力极限状态( )
6.正面角焊缝相侧面角焊缝破坏强度高塑性变形力差( )
7.静荷载作焊接残余应力结构静力强度影响( )
8.螺栓排列分列错列两种形式中列较简单整齐布置紧凑连接板尺寸构件截面削弱较 ( )
9.格构式构件轴心受压构件实现两轴方等稳性刚度抗扭性差料较费 ( )
10.轴心受力构件强度净截面均应力达钢材屈服点承载力极限状态( )
11.柱梁连接部分称柱脚基础连接部分称柱头( )
12.承受横荷载构件称受弯构件( )
13.采加梁截面尺寸提高梁整体稳定性增受压翼缘宽度效 ( )
14.进行拉弯压弯构件设计时拉弯构件仅需计算强度刚度压弯构件需计算强度局部稳定整体稳定刚度 ( )
15.屋架外形应考虑制造简单条件量弯矩图接弦杆力差较
( )
三简答题(题8分计24分)
1.简述钢结构钢材基求
2.钢结构焊接连接方法优点缺点?
3.什梁整体失稳现象?
四计算题(计16分)
图1示根简支梁长6m采I32a()已知梁单位长度重量517Nmcm4cm3cmmm梁作恒荷载荷载密度q29700Nm试验算梁正应力支座处剪应力
已知:荷载分项系数12截面塑性发展系数
公式:
q
图1
试题答案评分标准(供参考)
单项选择题(题正确答案序号填入括号题2分计30分)
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C
6.D 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.B
11.B 12.D 13.D 14.B 15.A
二判断题(正确划 √错误划× 题2分计30分)
1.(√) 2.(×) 3.(×) 4.(√) 5.(×)
6.(√) 7.(×) 8.(√) 9.(×) 10.(√)
11.(×) 12.(√) 13.(×) 14.(√) 15.(√)
三简答题(题8分计24分)
简答题点根具体情况酌情分
1.简述钢结构钢材基求
答:(1)较高强度(抗拉强度屈服点) (2)足够变形力(塑性韧性)(3)良工艺性(冷加工热加工焊性)(4) 根结构具体工作条件时求钢材具适应低温高温腐蚀性环境力
2.钢结构焊接连接方法优点缺点?
答:焊接连接优点:焊接间直接连接构造简单制作方便削弱截面节省材料连接密闭性结构刚度实现动化操作提高焊接结构质量
焊接连接缺点:焊缝附热影响区钢材金相组织发生改变导致局部材质变脆焊接残余应力残余变形受压构件承载力降低焊接结构裂纹敏感局部裂纹旦发生容易扩展整截面低温冷脆问题较突出
3.什梁整体失稳现象?
答:梁承受弯矩充分发挥材料强度截面通常设计成高窄形式荷载较时仅弯矩作面弯曲荷载增某数值梁弯矩作面弯曲时突然发生侧弯曲扭转丧失继续承载力种现象称梁弯扭屈曲整体失稳
四计算题(计16分)
题答案点根具体情况酌情分
解: (1)计算总弯矩
梁重产生弯矩:
N·m (2分)
外荷载跨中产生弯矩:
N·m (2分)
总弯矩:
N·m (2分)
(2)验算弯曲正应力
Nmm2<=215 Nmm2
正应力满足求(3分)
(3)验算支座处剪应力:
支座处剪力:
V N(3分)
验算剪应力:
Nmm2<=125 Nmm2
支座处剪应力满足求(4分)
请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢2015年中央电期末复考试抄全电期末考试必备抄电考试必抄After earning his spurs in the kitchens of The Westin The Sheraton Sens on the Bund and a sprinkling of other topnotch venues Simpson Lu fi nally got the chance to become his own boss in November 2010 Sort of The Shanghaiborn chef might not actually own California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) but he is in sole charge of both kitchen and frontof house at this Sinan Mansions'stalwart It’s certainly a responsibility to be the head chef and then to have to manage the rest of the restaurant as well the 31yearold tells Enjoy Shanghai In hotels for example these jobs are strictly demarcated so it’s a great opportunity to learn how a business operates across the board It was a task that management back in sunny California evidently felt he was ready for and a vote of confi dence from a company that to date has opened 250 outlets in 11 countries And for added pressure the Shanghai branch was also CPK’s China debut For sure it was a big step and unlike all their other Asia operations that are franchises they decided to manage it directly to begin with says Simpson Two years ago a private franchisee took over the lease but the links to CPK headquarters are still strong with a mainlandbased 'brand ambassador’ on hand to ensure the business adheres to its ethos of creating innovative hearthbaked pizzas a slice of PR blurb that Simpson insists lives up to the hype They are very innovative he says The problem with most fast food places is that they use the same sauce on every pizza and just change the toppings Every one of our 16 pizza sauces is a unique recipe that has been formulated to complement the toppings perfectly The largely local customer base evidently agrees and on Saturday and Sunday at least the place is teeming The kidseatforfree policy at weekends is undoubtedly a big draw as well as is the spacious secondfl oor layout overlooked by a canopy of green from Fuxing Park over the road The company is also focusing on increasing brand recognition and in recent years has taken part in outside events such as the regular California Week Still the sta are honest enough to admit that business could be better as good in fact as in CPK’s second outlet in the popular Kerry Parkside shopping mall in Pudong Sinan Mansions has really struggled to get the number of visitors that were envisaged when it first opened and it hasn’t been easy for any of the tenants here adds Simpson We’re planning a third outlet in the city in 2015 and we will probably choose a shopping mall again because of the better foot traffic The tearooms once frequented by Coco Chanel and Marcel Proust are upping sticks and coming to Shanghai Xu Junqian visits the Parisian outpost with sweet treats One thing the centuryold Parisian tearoom Angelina has shown is that legendary fashion designer Coco Chanel not only had style and glamor but also boasted great taste in food pastries in particular One of the most popular tearooms in Paris Angelina is famous for having once been frequented by celebrities such as Chanel and writer Marcel Proust Now Angelina has packed up its French ambience efficient service and beautiful comforting desserts and flown them to Shanghai At the flagship dinein and takeout space in Shanghai everything mimics the original tearoom designed from the beginning of the 20th century in Paris the height of Belle Epoque The paintings on the wall for example are exactly the same as the one that depicts the landscape of southern France the hometown of the owner and the small tables are intentional imitations of the ones that Coco Chanel once sat at every afternoon for hot chocolate The famous hot chocolate known as L’Africain is a luxurious mixture of four types of cocoa beans imported from Africa blended in Paris and then shipped to Shanghai It’s sinfully sweet rich and thick as if putting a bar of melting chocolate directly on the tongue and the fresh whipped cream on the side makes a light but equally gratifying contrast It is also sold in glass bottles as takeaway The signature MontBlanc chestnut cake consists of three parts the pureed chestnut on top the vanilla cream like stuffing and the meringue as base Get all three layers in one scoop not only for the different textures but also various flavors of sweetness The dessert has maintained its popularity for a century even in a country like France perhaps the world’s most competitive place for desserts A much overlooked pairing is the ParisNew York choux pastry and N226 chocolate flavored tea The choux pastry is a mouthful of airy pecanflavored whipped cream while the tea a blend of black teas from China and Ceylon cocoa and rose petals offers a more subtle fragrance of flowers and chocolate Ordering these two items featuring a muted sweetness makes it easier for you to fit into your little black dress Breakfast brunch lunch and light supper are also served at the tearoom a hub of many cultures and takes in a mix of different styles of French cuisines according to the management team The semicooked foie gras terrine is seductive and deceptive It’s generously served at the size and shape of a toast while the actual brioche toast is baked into a curved slice dipped with fig chutney The flavor however is honest strong smooth and sublime And you don’t actually need the toast for crunchiness This is the season for high teas with dainty cups of fine china and little pastries that appeal to both visual and physical appetites But there is one high tea with a difference and Pauline D Loh finds out just exactly why it is special Earl Grey tea and macarons are all very well for the crucial recuperative break inbetween intensive bouts of holiday season shopping And for those who prefer savory to sweet there is still the selection of classic Chinese snacks called dim sum to satisfy and satiate High tea is a meal to eat with eye and mouth an inbetween indulgence that should be light enough not to spoil dinner but sufficiently robust to take the edge off the hunger that strikes hours after lunch The afternoon tea special at ShangXi at the Four Seasons Hotel Pudong has just the right elements It is a pampering meal with touches of luxury that make the high tea session a treat in itself Whole baby abalones are braised and then topped on a shortcrust pastry shell a sort of Chinese version of the Western volauvent but classier Even classier is the dim sum staple shrimp dumpling or hargow upgraded with the addition of slivers of midnight dark truffles This is a master touch and chef Simon Choi who presides unchallenged at ShangXi has scored a winner again Sweet prawns and aromatic truffles — what’s not to love His masterful craftsmanship is exhibited in yet another pastry — a sweet pastry that is shaped to look like a walnut but which you can put straight into the mouth It crumbles immediately and the slightly sweet nutty morsel is so easy to eat you’ll probably reach straight for another My favorite is the dessert that goes by the name yangzhi ganlu or ambrosia from the gods The hotel calls it chilled mango cream with sago pomelo and bird’s nest – made with ingredients that resonate with every female soul It does taste like ambrosia with the sweetsour fragrance of the mango forming the first layer of taste and sensation and the pomelo sacs and sago pearls providing the tactile contrast The bird’s nest — it’s the ingredient that gilds the lily since it is supposed to nourish and nurture a perfect complexion For those unfamiliar with this exotic ingredient the bird’s nest is not a bundle of twigs but is instead the dried secretion that cave swifts use to build their nest Technically it’s bird saliva but the Chinese believe that it has collagenboosting properties essential to beauty To me it just tastes good adding a slight gelatinous crunch to the back of the teeth There is also a baked mushroom puff pastry that includes the highly prized Matsutake or pine mushroom You also get a choice of teas but I strongly recommend the aged Pu’er from Yunnan province It is a mellow tea that will go perfectly with the rich little nuggets and will warm you up on a cold afternoon Incidentally the general guide is green tea such as Longjing or Dragonwell for the hot season semifermented teas like Wulong or Iron Buddha for autumn and more warming teas like Pu’er for winter The ShangXi afternoon tea costs 228 yuan (37) per person and 388 yuan for the more opule
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