全新版学英语综合教程4课题答案
Unit 1
I Vocabulary
1
1) alliance 2) at the cost of
3) stroke 4) limp
5) minus 6) regions
7) declarations 8) siege
9) raw 10) bide his time
11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2
1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on pressed on 4) drag on
5) get by 6) dine out
7) have cut back 8) get through
3
1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future
2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests willshould never get in the way of her career
4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date
4
1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength In many cases work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the GermansIn fact this battle turned the tide in the Second World War During this famous battle the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks
II More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War battles occurred here and there over vast areas Some of the
most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts homework paid off
3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement but he turned a deaf ear to all my
words
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather
III Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned especially if you fall asleep
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes
Structure
1
1) To his great delight Dr Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by
30 percent
2) To her great relief her daughter had left the building before it collapsed
3) To our disappointment our women's team lost out to the North Koreans
4) We think much to our regret that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christmas
2
1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile
2) By 1948 the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River
3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France but came to live in the United
States at the age of four
4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continuesruns through the United States for
about 1900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
2 stand in the way
4 catching off his guard
6 declaration
8 drag on
10 bringingto a halt
(A)
1 invasion
3 Conquest
5 launching
7 campaign
9 reckon with
(B)
1 allow
2reckoned
3 highly
4forecasts
5 rapidly
6instant
7 delivery
8advantage
9 observing
10Powerful
II Translation
1) Mr Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm
2) We must not underestimate the enemy They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons
3) Having been cut of a jobNot having had a job for 3months Phil is getting increasingly desperate
4) Sam as the project manager is decisive efficient and accurate in his judgment
5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs
The offensive had already lasted three days but we had not gained much ground Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strongfiercestiff resistance The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack To do so however we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties By a stroke of luck the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over Thanks to the cold weather we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear This turned the tide of the battle The enemy caught off guard soon surrendered
Unit 2
I Vocabulary
1
1expansion 2 automated 3 vapor 4 take control of
5 hazards 6 satellite 7vibrated 8magnetic
9 bunched 10 in the air 11 got stuck in 12approximately
2
1 send out 2 stand up for 3 pass for
4 were closing in on 5 starting up
6 went through 7 fill out 8 fall into
3
1) the application remote has turned into a reality are poised to
2) that vibrate can detect frequency
3) lanes are mounted in alert a hazard
II Word formation
Kilogram Medical care
Memorandum Electronic mail
Gymnasium Communications satellite
Liberation News broadcast
Doctor Sky hijack
Veterinarian European dollar
Preparatory Breakfast and lunch
Automobile Television broadcast
influenza Oxford and Cambridge
III Usage
1) swimming pool
2 ) drawing board
3 ) enriched Middle English
4 ) disturbing change
5 ) fully developed prototype
6 ) Canned foods
7 ) working population
8 ) puzzling differences
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert
5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer
9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate
13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor
1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled
5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing 8) dependent
9) interact 10) fatalities
II Translation
1) There was an unusual quietness in the air except for the sound of artillery in the distance
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board poised to jump at the signal from the coach
Automobiles have since their invention revolutionized transportation changing forever the way people live travel and do business On the other hand they have brought hazards especially highway fatalities However today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents For example electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams
Unit 3
I Vocabulary
1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference
5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) Measurable 8) prospective
9) preparations 10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner
1) go after 2) look back aton 3) be put up 4) stood for
5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
1) grilled her about where she had been all night
2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace
3) will be in readers' hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview
5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars
1）applicants veteran the prospective
2）From his standpoint has made every endeavor to goafter
3) as the saying goes to have a crack at barely
1 Behave 2 used to avoid repetition 3 clean
4 get along 5 performcomplete 6 performcomplete
7 Study 8 be enough 9 be acceptable
Structure
1 There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to beginOKI’ll talk about myself first
2 Thank you very much John for your beautiful Christmas card By the way I have something here for you
3 The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaperNow why is this an advantage
4 I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goesBy the way I will see you in February as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai
5 OK you got the jobNow how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible
6 Chris is back from AustraliaIncidentally those pictures you sent me are wonderful
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
(1) Prospective (2)As I see it
(3) done your homework (4) beforehand
(5) Endeavor (6) structure
(7) Partners (8) Respond
(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint
(11) make a difference (12) follow up
(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples
(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously
(9) probably (10) exhibit
II Translation
1) Despite thein adequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while
2)Grilled by the reporters the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries
3) We have the technology and our partner has the capitalWorking together we’ll have the future in our hands
4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home I would have made better preparations You see I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack
5) People gave generously upon learning that new schoolrooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquakestricken area
Well begun half doneas the saying goes It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employmentFrom my standpoint whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of100000 dollars a years in a large computer software company He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success
Unit 4
I Vocabulary
1) advantageous 2) let alone
3) witnessingvanishing 4) landmark
5) entitled 6) displace
7) Establishment 8) patrioticstrengthen
9) contradictions 10) aspires
11) divorced 12) pendulums
1) come to 2) dozed off
3) believed in 4) was set apart
5) take in 6) sucks in
7) clean up 8) turn away
1) For me it makes nolittle difference whether we go there by train or by bus
2) Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker
3) Shortly after their marriage Mr Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters
4) Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research
5) She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes let alone cook a meal
a) is increasinglyto acceleratetheir investment
b) economymake an earnestdomesticstrike a balance between
c) a handful ofbe endorsed byon a large scale
II Word formation
WTO
World Trade Organization
世界贸易组织
GDP
Gross domestic product
国生产总值
ATM
Automated teller machine
动出纳机
VAT
Valueadded tax
增值税
CAD
Computeraided design
计算机辅助设计
IT
Information technology
信息技术
IDD
International direct dialing
国际直拨电话
MTV
Music television
音乐电视
Radar
Radio detecting and ranging
雷达
IOC
International Olympic Committee
国际奥委会
VIP
Very important person
贵宾物
Laser
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
激光
CPU
Central processing unit
中央处理器
III Usage
1) An unusual present a book on ethics was given to Henry for his birthday
2) The reason(he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory
3) Football his only interest in life has brought him many friends
4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago then dismissed something that serious
scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
(A)
1 academics 2networking
3a variety of 4growth
5 vanish 6facilitate
7 endorsing 8outlook
9 sweeping aside 10patriotic
11 erasing 12strike a balance
(B)
1 aided
2effects
3distances
4 connected
5 invested
6 features
7 prevailing
8 qualitatively
9 volume
10 Distinguishing
II Translation
1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere
2) I like hiring young people They are earnest learners and committed to work
3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children Mary cares more about her personal growth
4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you
5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries
Globalization has great implications for young Chinese For example young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreigninvested enterprises English has become increasingly important At the same time a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years for they hold an optimistic outlook for the longterm growth of the Chinese economy The internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues let alone carry them forward which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish
Unit 5
I Vocabulary
1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition
5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto
9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current
1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about
5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback
1) has a very weak constitution she may not be able to survive the operation
2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim
3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that
4) needs trimming to be trimmed it’s getting too long
5) are often deceptive
1) Oddly enough went broke wrinkled he had gone all to pieces
2) definite is capable of her vanity
3) too mild sipping stroke
II Usage
1 Except for 2 except that 3 except 4 except when
5 except to 6 except what 7 except where 8 except that
III
vocabulary
spelling
AmE
BrE
AmE
BrE
apartment
flat
favorable
favourable
can
tin
paralyze
paralyse
candy
sweets
labor
labour
elevator
lift
meter
metre
faculty
staff (of a university)
catalog
catalogue
first floor
ground floor
leveling
levelling
gas gasoline
petrol
theater
theatre
mail
post
defense
defence
railroad
railway
plow
plough
pants
trousers
program
programme
subway
tube underground
practice (v)
practise
corn
maize
characterize
characterise
store
shop
tire
tyre (on a car)
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1 insane 2 current 3 candid 4 capable
5 was taken aback 6 in good condition 7 constitution 8 go all to pieces
9 gone broke 10 vacancy 11 mild 12 deceptive
1 suspected 2 pleading 3 confirmed 4 stunned 5 lucrative
6 jewellery 7 wealthy 8 urge 9 spell 10 Arrested
II Translation
1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition because he is something of an adventurer
2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand even if he is exposed to noises
3) The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force
4) Oddly enough many people volunteered to help organize the meeting but only a few turned up
5) The teacher’s affectionate words along with his candid comments changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself
For my own part I find that appearances are all too often deceptive For instance you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton In appearance he seemed a man all of a piece He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes gentle and candid Nevertheless he turned out to be very cruel He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death Without doubt Burton was a man with a heart of stone
Unit ６
I Vocabulary
1) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution
5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of a large quantity of 9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewildered
1) eat into 2) cling to
3) stand out stood out 4) wears away
5) set about 6) switch off
7) will be turned loose 8) poured in
１）is forecast to be below average next year which at the moment is 4 percent
２）to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames
３）was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand
４）can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2000
５）has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape
reaction to discontent provoked
Convention evading tax the confines of
a burden are always on the go seem forever on the go to cope
II Confusable Words
1 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress stress 4) tension
2 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) Honorary
III Usage
１）Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter Is it sensible we may ask to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line
２）This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened at airports train stations bus terminals or border crossings However experts suspect there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves
３）With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce often due to financial difficulties you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage But believe it or not it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage it is your philosophy of life that does
４）Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual you know Sites promoting violence are just a click away and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope
5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature
9) fraction 10) futile
1) advantage 2) wisely 3)faithfully 4)waking
5)includes 6) schedule 7) sticking 8)priorities
9) set 10) respect
II Translation
１）They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far
２）Her unique teaching methods apart Ms Wilson my math teacher never tried to cram knowledge into my head
３）The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip
４）The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building
５）In the modern world there are more ways than ever to waste away time and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time
Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours to produce more and to possess more Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well good money
Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and at the same time to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities
Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families It forces us to toil longer and longer hours leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process
Unit ７
I Vocabulary
1 divined 2 nerves 3 solidarity 4 sacred mourn
5 Coated 6 perish 7 hijack 8 grief
9 farewell 10 take revenge on 11 revolves 12 denounced
1 drop… off 2 applied for 3 went off 4 are gaining on
5 bring down 6 blotted out 7 think back on 8 picking at
1 brought down the American housing market in 2008
2 what will happen after his son steps into his shoes
3 not in the mood to go out
4 long before the market began to show signs of weakness
5 mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside
1 in the aftermath of to blot our the tragic
2 armed at dust accomplices explosives
3 in the space of no illusion
II Collocation
1 a little of 2 a few most of many of 3 much 4 few
5 many 6 many of 7 much of 8 little
9 few of 10 Some
III Usage
As the boy grew older
she sings as beautifully as a nightingale sings like a nightingale
they don’t see themselves as servants of the people
As she had left her key in the office
Just do as you are told
Areas once regarded as rural
as they do in China
As he was brave and loyal as well
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1 mood 2 tragic 3 in the (immediate) aftermath of 4 chaos
5 toppling 6 solidarity 7 take revenge on 8 thinking back on
9 mourning 10 perished
1 crashed 2 horrible 3 harsh 4 protect 5 remove
6 utterly 7 truly 8 justify 9 rewarded 10 devastating
II Translation
1) Some highranking officers of the armed forces started a coup toppling the government and throwing the country into chaos
2) The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly
3) Thinking back on the history of World War II we can see that the formation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then
4) Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic But as he was in no mood for q quarrel
not in a quarreling mood he simply pretended not to hear it．
５） People say that time heals all wounds But for those who have lost their loved ones in the event will time fill up the void in their hearts
Today long after the earthquake shook hit my tometown I can still recall in crystal detail what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun Horrorstricken people ran in all directions crying and screaming
Now many years after that tragic event a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one In the town square a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed but the memory will linger
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Unit 1
I Vocabulary
1
1) alliance 2) at the cost of
3) stroke 4) limp
5) minus 6) regions
7) declarations 8) siege
9) raw 10) bide his time
11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2
1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on pressed on 4) drag on
5) get by 6) dine out
7) have cut back 8) get through
3
1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future
2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests willshould never get in the way of her career
4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date
4
1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength In many cases work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the GermansIn fact this battle turned the tide in the Second World War During this famous battle the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks
II More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War battles occurred here and there over vast areas Some of the
most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts homework paid off
3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement but he turned a deaf ear to all my
words
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather
III Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned especially if you fall asleep
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes
Structure
1
1) To his great delight Dr Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by
30 percent
2) To her great relief her daughter had left the building before it collapsed
3) To our disappointment our women's team lost out to the North Koreans
4) We think much to our regret that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christmas
2
1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile
2) By 1948 the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River
3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France but came to live in the United
States at the age of four
4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continuesruns through the United States for
about 1900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
2 stand in the way
4 catching off his guard
6 declaration
8 drag on
10 bringingto a halt
(A)
1 invasion
3 Conquest
5 launching
7 campaign
9 reckon with
(B)
1 allow
2reckoned
3 highly
4forecasts
5 rapidly
6instant
7 delivery
8advantage
9 observing
10Powerful
II Translation
1) Mr Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm
2) We must not underestimate the enemy They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons
3) Having been cut of a jobNot having had a job for 3months Phil is getting increasingly desperate
4) Sam as the project manager is decisive efficient and accurate in his judgment
5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs
The offensive had already lasted three days but we had not gained much ground Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strongfiercestiff resistance The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack To do so however we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties By a stroke of luck the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over Thanks to the cold weather we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear This turned the tide of the battle The enemy caught off guard soon surrendered
Unit 2
I Vocabulary
1
1expansion 2 automated 3 vapor 4 take control of
5 hazards 6 satellite 7vibrated 8magnetic
9 bunched 10 in the air 11 got stuck in 12approximately
2
1 send out 2 stand up for 3 pass for
4 were closing in on 5 starting up
6 went through 7 fill out 8 fall into
3
1) the application remote has turned into a reality are poised to
2) that vibrate can detect frequency
3) lanes are mounted in alert a hazard
II Word formation
Kilogram Medical care
Memorandum Electronic mail
Gymnasium Communications satellite
Liberation News broadcast
Doctor Sky hijack
Veterinarian European dollar
Preparatory Breakfast and lunch
Automobile Television broadcast
influenza Oxford and Cambridge
III Usage
1) swimming pool
2 ) drawing board
3 ) enriched Middle English
4 ) disturbing change
5 ) fully developed prototype
6 ) Canned foods
7 ) working population
8 ) puzzling differences
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert
5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer
9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate
13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor
1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled
5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing 8) dependent
9) interact 10) fatalities
II Translation
1) There was an unusual quietness in the air except for the sound of artillery in the distance
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board poised to jump at the signal from the coach
Automobiles have since their invention revolutionized transportation changing forever the way people live travel and do business On the other hand they have brought hazards especially highway fatalities However today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents For example electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams
Unit 3
I Vocabulary
1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference
5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) Measurable 8) prospective
9) preparations 10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner
1) go after 2) look back aton 3) be put up 4) stood for
5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
1) grilled her about where she had been all night
2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace
3) will be in readers' hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview
5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars
1）applicants veteran the prospective
2）From his standpoint has made every endeavor to goafter
3) as the saying goes to have a crack at barely
1 Behave 2 used to avoid repetition 3 clean
4 get along 5 performcomplete 6 performcomplete
7 Study 8 be enough 9 be acceptable
Structure
1 There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to beginOKI’ll talk about myself first
2 Thank you very much John for your beautiful Christmas card By the way I have something here for you
3 The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaperNow why is this an advantage
4 I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goesBy the way I will see you in February as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai
5 OK you got the jobNow how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible
6 Chris is back from AustraliaIncidentally those pictures you sent me are wonderful
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
(1) Prospective (2)As I see it
(3) done your homework (4) beforehand
(5) Endeavor (6) structure
(7) Partners (8) Respond
(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint
(11) make a difference (12) follow up
(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples
(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously
(9) probably (10) exhibit
II Translation
1) Despite thein adequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while
2)Grilled by the reporters the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries
3) We have the technology and our partner has the capitalWorking together we’ll have the future in our hands
4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home I would have made better preparations You see I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack
5) People gave generously upon learning that new schoolrooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquakestricken area
Well begun half doneas the saying goes It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employmentFrom my standpoint whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of100000 dollars a years in a large computer software company He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success
Unit 4
I Vocabulary
1) advantageous 2) let alone
3) witnessingvanishing 4) landmark
5) entitled 6) displace
7) Establishment 8) patrioticstrengthen
9) contradictions 10) aspires
11) divorced 12) pendulums
1) come to 2) dozed off
3) believed in 4) was set apart
5) take in 6) sucks in
7) clean up 8) turn away
1) For me it makes nolittle difference whether we go there by train or by bus
2) Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker
3) Shortly after their marriage Mr Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters
4) Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research
5) She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes let alone cook a meal
a) is increasinglyto acceleratetheir investment
b) economymake an earnestdomesticstrike a balance between
c) a handful ofbe endorsed byon a large scale
II Word formation
WTO
World Trade Organization
世界贸易组织
GDP
Gross domestic product
国生产总值
ATM
Automated teller machine
动出纳机
VAT
Valueadded tax
增值税
CAD
Computeraided design
计算机辅助设计
IT
Information technology
信息技术
IDD
International direct dialing
国际直拨电话
MTV
Music television
音乐电视
Radar
Radio detecting and ranging
雷达
IOC
International Olympic Committee
国际奥委会
VIP
Very important person
贵宾物
Laser
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
激光
CPU
Central processing unit
中央处理器
III Usage
1) An unusual present a book on ethics was given to Henry for his birthday
2) The reason(he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory
3) Football his only interest in life has brought him many friends
4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago then dismissed something that serious
scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
(A)
1 academics 2networking
3a variety of 4growth
5 vanish 6facilitate
7 endorsing 8outlook
9 sweeping aside 10patriotic
11 erasing 12strike a balance
(B)
1 aided
2effects
3distances
4 connected
5 invested
6 features
7 prevailing
8 qualitatively
9 volume
10 Distinguishing
II Translation
1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere
2) I like hiring young people They are earnest learners and committed to work
3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children Mary cares more about her personal growth
4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you
5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries
Globalization has great implications for young Chinese For example young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreigninvested enterprises English has become increasingly important At the same time a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years for they hold an optimistic outlook for the longterm growth of the Chinese economy The internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues let alone carry them forward which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish
Unit 5
I Vocabulary
1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition
5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto
9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current
1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about
5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback
1) has a very weak constitution she may not be able to survive the operation
2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim
3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that
4) needs trimming to be trimmed it’s getting too long
5) are often deceptive
1) Oddly enough went broke wrinkled he had gone all to pieces
2) definite is capable of her vanity
3) too mild sipping stroke
II Usage
1 Except for 2 except that 3 except 4 except when
5 except to 6 except what 7 except where 8 except that
III
vocabulary
spelling
AmE
BrE
AmE
BrE
apartment
flat
favorable
favourable
can
tin
paralyze
paralyse
candy
sweets
labor
labour
elevator
lift
meter
metre
faculty
staff (of a university)
catalog
catalogue
first floor
ground floor
leveling
levelling
gas gasoline
petrol
theater
theatre
post
defense
defence
railroad
railway
plow
plough
pants
trousers
program
programme
subway
tube underground
practice (v)
practise
corn
maize
characterize
characterise
store
shop
tire
tyre (on a car)
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1 insane 2 current 3 candid 4 capable
5 was taken aback 6 in good condition 7 constitution 8 go all to pieces
9 gone broke 10 vacancy 11 mild 12 deceptive
1 suspected 2 pleading 3 confirmed 4 stunned 5 lucrative
6 jewellery 7 wealthy 8 urge 9 spell 10 Arrested
II Translation
1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition because he is something of an adventurer
2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand even if he is exposed to noises
3) The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force
4) Oddly enough many people volunteered to help organize the meeting but only a few turned up
5) The teacher’s affectionate words along with his candid comments changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself
For my own part I find that appearances are all too often deceptive For instance you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton In appearance he seemed a man all of a piece He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes gentle and candid Nevertheless he turned out to be very cruel He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death Without doubt Burton was a man with a heart of stone
Unit ６
I Vocabulary
1) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution
5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of a large quantity of 9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewildered
1) eat into 2) cling to
3) stand out stood out 4) wears away
5) set about 6) switch off
7) will be turned loose 8) poured in
１）is forecast to be below average next year which at the moment is 4 percent
２）to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames
３）was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand
４）can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2000
５）has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape
reaction to discontent provoked
Convention evading tax the confines of
a burden are always on the go seem forever on the go to cope
II Confusable Words
1 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress stress 4) tension
2 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) Honorary
III Usage
１）Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter Is it sensible we may ask to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line
２）This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened at airports train stations bus terminals or border crossings However experts suspect there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves
３）With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce often due to financial difficulties you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage But believe it or not it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage it is your philosophy of life that does
４）Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual you know Sites promoting violence are just a click away and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope
5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature
9) fraction 10) futile
1) advantage 2) wisely 3)faithfully 4)waking
5)includes 6) schedule 7) sticking 8)priorities
9) set 10) respect
II Translation
１）They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far
２）Her unique teaching methods apart Ms Wilson my math teacher never tried to cram knowledge into my head
３）The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip
４）The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building
５）In the modern world there are more ways than ever to waste away time and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time
Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours to produce more and to possess more Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well good money
Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and at the same time to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities
Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families It forces us to toil longer and longer hours leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process
Unit ７
I Vocabulary
1 divined 2 nerves 3 solidarity 4 sacred mourn
5 Coated 6 perish 7 hijack 8 grief
9 farewell 10 take revenge on 11 revolves 12 denounced
1 drop… off 2 applied for 3 went off 4 are gaining on
5 bring down 6 blotted out 7 think back on 8 picking at
1 brought down the American housing market in 2008
2 what will happen after his son steps into his shoes
3 not in the mood to go out
4 long before the market began to show signs of weakness
5 mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside
1 in the aftermath of to blot our the tragic
2 armed at dust accomplices explosives
3 in the space of no illusion
II Collocation
1 a little of 2 a few most of many of 3 much 4 few
5 many 6 many of 7 much of 8 little
9 few of 10 Some
III Usage
As the boy grew older
she sings as beautifully as a nightingale sings like a nightingale
they don’t see themselves as servants of the people
As she had left her key in the office
Just do as you are told
Areas once regarded as rural
as they do in China
As he was brave and loyal as well
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1 mood 2 tragic 3 in the (immediate) aftermath of 4 chaos
5 toppling 6 solidarity 7 take revenge on 8 thinking back on
9 mourning 10 perished
1 crashed 2 horrible 3 harsh 4 protect 5 remove
6 utterly 7 truly 8 justify 9 rewarded 10 devastating
II Translation
1) Some highranking officers of the armed forces started a coup toppling the government and throwing the country into chaos
2) The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly
3) Thinking back on the history of World War II we can see that the formation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then
4) Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic But as he was in no mood for q quarrel
not in a quarreling mood he simply pretended not to hear it．
５） People say that time heals all wounds But for those who have lost their loved ones in the event will time fill up the void in their hearts
Today long after the earthquake shook hit my tometown I can still recall in crystal detail what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun Horrorstricken people ran in all directions crying and screaming
Now many years after that tragic event a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one In the town square a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed but the memory will linger
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