英语 学科 高中英语语法复专题讲义
第09讲 现分词&分词
现分词
1构成进行时
We are studying English
2副词作状语
The children came singing and dancing
3形容词作定语宾补表语
Falling leaves danced in the air
I saw many birds flying along the river
The story is very moving
二分词：
1构成完成时
The play had begun when we arrived there
2构成动语态
English is widely spoken in the world
3副词作状语
Seen here the city looks more beautiful
5形容词作定语宾补表语
a boy named Tom
I saw the girl killed with my own eyes
I’m interested in English
三现分词分词两差
1语态：现分词表动分词表动
2时态：现分词表进行分词表完成
3确定分词具体步骤
（1）根句子结构确定分词语法成分
（2）找准逻辑语
（3）判断动关系
（4）选定现分词
四现分词分词语法功
1分词作定语
现分词作定语：相定语句分词修饰名词间存逻辑谓关系表示动进行单分词作定语前置分词短语作定语置
There is a door leading to the garden座门通花园
注意：
修饰名词分词间动关系表正进行时现分词动式（being done）作定语表示该动作动进行
The meeting being held now is important现正开会重
分词作定语：修饰名词分词逻辑动关系表示动完成
Tsinghua University founded in 1911 is home to a great number of outstanding figures清华学建立1911年许杰出物摇篮
2分词作表语
点：现分词分词作表语时起着形容词作
点：现分词作表语时逻辑语间动关系表示动作般句中谓语动词表示动作时发生分词表示动关系示动作般发生谓语动词前时发生
This news sounds encouraging
—How did the audience receive the new play
—They got very excited
3分词作宾语补足语
1）现分词作宾语补足语
现分词作宾语补足语时句中宾语逻辑语该动词宾语间存逻辑动关系现分词作宾语补足语强调正进行中动动作动作程部分接种复合宾语动词see watch hear observe feel find have keep等
I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast抬头注意条蛇正蜿蜒着爬树捕捉早餐
Listen Do you hear someone calling for help听听正呼喊救命？
2）分词作宾语补足语
分词作宾语补足语时句中宾语逻辑语表示动完成该动词宾语间存逻辑动宾关系
Jenny hopes that MrSmith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period詹尼希史密斯先生会建议方法英语写作短期提升
When we saw the road blocked with snow we decided to spend the holiday at home道路雪封住决定家假期
3）with＋宾语＋宾补
(1)with＋宾语＋doing (表示动进行)
(2)with＋宾语＋done (表示动完成)
(3)with＋宾语＋to do (表示)
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them老两口常常晚饭公园里散步宠物狗面着
John received an invitation to dinner and with his work finished he gladly accepted it约翰收份宴请函工作干完欣然接受邀请
With these clothes to washI can’t go out衣服洗出
4分词作状语
doing句中语逻辑动关系谓语动词表示动作（状态）时发生时发生表示动进行
having done句中语逻辑动关系先谓语动词表示动作发生表示动完成
done句中语逻辑动关系表完成作形容词分词表状态
being done句中语逻辑动关系谓语动词表示动作时发生表示动进行意正……
having been done句中语逻辑动关系先句中谓语动词表示动作发生表示动完成
Offered an important role in a new movie Andy has got a chance to become famous部新电影中担重角色安迪出名机会(表原)
More highways have been built in China making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another中国建高速公路出行变更容易(表结果)
Having worked for two days Steve managed to finish his report on schedule已忙活两天史蒂夫设法时完成报告
Having been asked to work overtime that evening I missed a wonderful film天晚求加班错场精彩电影(动意义非谓语动词动作发生谓语动词动作前)
注意：
某动词分词已形容词化常系表结构中时分词表示种状态作状语时表示动关系前being：located (坐落位)lost (迷路)seated (坐)hidden (躲)lostabsorbed in (沉溺)dressed in (穿着)tired of (感厌倦)等句中作种成分ing形式
Absorbed in his book he didn’t notice me enter the room专心读书没注意进入房间
5常见固定独立结构
Judging from his accent he is from Hong Kong口音判断香港
Considering your health you’d better have a rest考虑健康休息
分词定式短语作状语形式选择受文影响称作独立成分常见：
generally speaking 般说
frankly speaking 坦白说
judging fromby 根……判断
considering taking into consideration 考虑……
to tell you the truth 说实话
seeing 鉴……
supposing 假设果
assuming 假
given 考虑鉴
provided (that ) 果
6独立格结构构成形式
名词代词＋定式（表示动作未发生） ving （表示动进行） 分词（表示动完成） 形容词副词介词短语独立格结构语法讲句子句中通常作状语具特点：
（1）独立格结构逻辑语句子语指事物
（2）独立格结构般置句首时置句中句末
Such an able man to help you you will surely succeed sooner or later干帮迟早会成功
The guide leading the way we had no trouble getting out of the forest导领着路毫费劲走出森林
Jim was listening attentively to the lecture all his attention fixed upon it吉姆专心致志听着讲座注意力集中面
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第09讲 现分词&分词
现分词
1构成进行时
We are studying English
2副词作状语
The children came singing and dancing
3形容词作定语宾补表语
Falling leaves danced in the air
I saw many birds flying along the river
The story is very moving
二分词：
1构成完成时
The play had begun when we arrived there
2构成动语态
English is widely spoken in the world
3副词作状语
Seen here the city looks more beautiful
5形容词作定语宾补表语
a boy named Tom
I saw the girl killed with my own eyes
I’m interested in English
三现分词分词两差
1语态：现分词表动分词表动
2时态：现分词表进行分词表完成
3确定分词具体步骤
（1）根句子结构确定分词语法成分
（2）找准逻辑语
（3）判断动关系
（4）选定现分词
四现分词分词语法功
1分词作定语
现分词作定语：相定语句分词修饰名词间存逻辑谓关系表示动进行单分词作定语前置分词短语作定语置
There is a door leading to the garden座门通花园
注意：
修饰名词分词间动关系表正进行时现分词动式（being done）作定语表示该动作动进行
The meeting being held now is important现正开会重
分词作定语：修饰名词分词逻辑动关系表示动完成
Tsinghua University founded in 1911 is home to a great number of outstanding figures清华学建立1911年许杰出物摇篮
2分词作表语
点：现分词分词作表语时起着形容词作
点：现分词作表语时逻辑语间动关系表示动作般句中谓语动词表示动作时发生分词表示动关系示动作般发生谓语动词前时发生
This news sounds encouraging
—How did the audience receive the new play
—They got very excited
3分词作宾语补足语
1）现分词作宾语补足语
现分词作宾语补足语时句中宾语逻辑语该动词宾语间存逻辑动关系现分词作宾语补足语强调正进行中动动作动作程部分接种复合宾语动词see watch hear observe feel find have keep等
I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast抬头注意条蛇正蜿蜒着爬树捕捉早餐
Listen Do you hear someone calling for help听听正呼喊救命？
2）分词作宾语补足语
分词作宾语补足语时句中宾语逻辑语表示动完成该动词宾语间存逻辑动宾关系
Jenny hopes that MrSmith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period詹尼希史密斯先生会建议方法英语写作短期提升
When we saw the road blocked with snow we decided to spend the holiday at home道路雪封住决定家假期
3）with＋宾语＋宾补
(1)with＋宾语＋doing (表示动进行)
(2)with＋宾语＋done (表示动完成)
(3)with＋宾语＋to do (表示)
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them老两口常常晚饭公园里散步宠物狗面着
John received an invitation to dinner and with his work finished he gladly accepted it约翰收份宴请函工作干完欣然接受邀请
With these clothes to washI can’t go out衣服洗出
4分词作状语
doing句中语逻辑动关系谓语动词表示动作（状态）时发生时发生表示动进行
having done句中语逻辑动关系先谓语动词表示动作发生表示动完成
done句中语逻辑动关系表完成作形容词分词表状态
being done句中语逻辑动关系谓语动词表示动作时发生表示动进行意正……
having been done句中语逻辑动关系先句中谓语动词表示动作发生表示动完成
Offered an important role in a new movie Andy has got a chance to become famous部新电影中担重角色安迪出名机会(表原)
More highways have been built in China making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another中国建高速公路出行变更容易(表结果)
Having worked for two days Steve managed to finish his report on schedule已忙活两天史蒂夫设法时完成报告
Having been asked to work overtime that evening I missed a wonderful film天晚求加班错场精彩电影(动意义非谓语动词动作发生谓语动词动作前)
注意：
某动词分词已形容词化常系表结构中时分词表示种状态作状语时表示动关系前being：located (坐落位)lost (迷路)seated (坐)hidden (躲)lostabsorbed in (沉溺)dressed in (穿着)tired of (感厌倦)等句中作种成分ing形式
Absorbed in his book he didn’t notice me enter the room专心读书没注意进入房间
5常见固定独立结构
Judging from his accent he is from Hong Kong口音判断香港
Considering your health you’d better have a rest考虑健康休息
分词定式短语作状语形式选择受文影响称作独立成分常见：
generally speaking 般说
frankly speaking 坦白说
judging fromby 根……判断
considering taking into consideration 考虑……
to tell you the truth 说实话
seeing 鉴……
supposing 假设果
assuming 假
given 考虑鉴
provided (that ) 果
6独立格结构构成形式
名词代词＋定式（表示动作未发生） ving （表示动进行） 分词（表示动完成） 形容词副词介词短语独立格结构语法讲句子句中通常作状语具特点：
（1）独立格结构逻辑语句子语指事物
（2）独立格结构般置句首时置句中句末
Such an able man to help you you will surely succeed sooner or later干帮迟早会成功
The guide leading the way we had no trouble getting out of the forest导领着路毫费劲走出森林
Jim was listening attentively to the lecture all his attention fixed upon it吉姆专心致志听着讲座注意力集中面
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《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
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