新视野学英语 第二册 读写教程 课文翻译
Unit 1 Text A An impressive Engli lsesson
标题 堂难忘英语课
1 果唯纠正孩英语家长子许
言乏味怪物：听教诲父亲沉湎语法规子似颇反感
2 觉偶遇前位学生时开始问题认真起
学生刚欧洲旅游回满怀着诚挚期问：欧洲行？
3 点三四头绞脑汁苦苦寻找恰词语然惊呼：真哇
4 没希腊文明罗马建筑辉煌居然囊括浓缩完整语
句中学生哇表示惊叹摇头表达更强
烈忧虑
5 关正确英语力降问题许事学生确应该
够区分诸 theirtherethey＇re 间区 complimentary complementary 间显易见差异知识缺陷承受着部分该承受批评指责舆认应该学更
6 学生笨周围听语言误导举例说杂货
店指示牌会引 stationary（静止处）然便笺相册笔记等真正 stationery（文具品）没钉朋友亲常宣
称 They＇ve just ate实际应该说 They＇ve just eaten批评学生合清理
7 种缺乏语言功底引起负面指责应咎学校学校应英语
熟练程度制定出更高标准相反学校教零星语法高级词汇更少少学校年轻教师显然缺乏重语言结构方面知识没接触学校责教会年轻进行效语言沟通没语言基框架准确语法恰词汇充分传授学生
8 语法数年轻学生言枯燥乏味觉讲授语法步
步注重技巧进行天机会子开车外出出发时
鸟飞稳说：飞稳（It＇s flying so unsteady)心翼翼问：子鸟飞问题？说？（Did I say anything incorrectly）头雾水太说 incorrectly incorrect副词描述动词 unsteadily 描述鸟飞 unsteady
9 纠正奇问什副词慢慢解释道：副词修
饰动词词导致询问什动词解释说：动词表示行词例：爸爸开卡车开’动词爸爸做事
10 开始表示行词产生兴趣罗列动词：飞行
游泳跳水跑步然奇问词没说明法功名称引发名词形容词冠词讨短短十分钟驾驶时间语法知学会句子中词语词性次毫痛苦非常趣学历
11 许语言应该成张路线图件珍品：常常查路线图（核语法）调整汽车引擎（调节词汇）学语法掌握量词汇
着路线图车况良车里驾驶
12 路线图旅行提供需基路线路途指南会告诉路究竟会见什树什花会遇见什样会什样感
受里词汇会旅途变五彩缤纷栩栩生量词汇享受开车途中见点点滴滴助语法丰富词汇灵活性掌控路线图会带目台车完全陶醉旅途
景色声音历中
13 学生说效准确富成效沟通技取决语法词汇两利条件学校没教
14 天早子吃早饭时想牛奶加入茶里爸爸
说果话会样做牛奶会变酸（If I were you I wouldn＇t do that It＇s sour）
15 哦帝满怀着骄傲说道语法完全正确句子 were was
16 知道知道愉悦舒口气虚拟语气
17 轮哇
Unit 2 Section A The humanities Out of date
文学科：时？
1 When the going gets tough the tough take accounting When the job market worsens many students calculate they can＇t major in English or history They have to study something that boosts their prospects of landing a job
1 形势变困难时强者会选学会计 业市场恶化时许学生估算着 修英语历史学改善业前景东西
2 The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the everrising cost of tuition they have defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and hard skills that they bet will lead to employment In other words a college education is more and more seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate
2 数显示着学生肩负学费断增加已学文学科转相信益 业应科学硬技 换言学教育越越成改善济提升 类身手段 种趋势会持续甚加快势
3 Over the next few years as labor markets struggle the humanities will probably continue their long slide in succession There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of liberal arts majors over the past generation and it is logical to think that the trend is bound to continue or even accelerate Once the dominant pillars of university life the humanities now play little roles when students take their college tours These days labs are more vivid and compelling than libraries
3 未年劳动力市场景气文学科会继续长期低迷态势 代学生中修文科学生数跌幅已 50种趋势会持续甚加速想法 合情合理 文学科学生活重支柱学生学游中 点缀现实验室图书馆更栩栩生受青睐
4 Here please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the humanities add to people＇s lives Since ancient times people have speculated about the mystery of those inner forces that drive some people to greatness and others to selfdestruction This inner drive has been called many things over the centuries The famous psychologist Sigmund Freud called it the unconscious mind or more familiarly instinct
4 请允许文学科生活增添真实价值进行支持宣传 古 直思索类身具什神奇力变崇高伟走 毁灭 世纪股力称作东西 着名心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊 德称潜意识更熟知
5 From the beginning of time this inner aspect of our being this drive that can be constructive or destructive has captured our imagination The stories of this amazing struggle have formed the basis of cultures the world over Historians architects authors philosophers and artists have captured the words images and meanings of this inner struggle in the form of story music myth painting architecture sculpture landscape and traditions These men and women developed artistic languages that help us understand these aspirations and also educate generations This fertile body of work from ancient times the very foundation of civilization forms the basis of study of the humanities
5 开始类股建设性毁灭性驱动力令心驰神 惊充满心挣扎事形成世界文化基础 历史学家建筑师作家哲学 家艺术家事音乐神话绘画建筑雕刻风景画传统形式捕捉 撞击心灵文字形象涵 男男女女创造出具艺术性语言帮助 解类强烈愿教育代代 古时起开始充满想象量 作品正文明底蕴奠定文研究基础
6 Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write No matter what we do in life we will have a huge advantage if we can read complex ideas and understand their meaning We will have a bright career if we are the person in the office who can write a clear and elegant analysis of those ideas
6 学文学科会提高阅读写作力 生中事什职业果 读懂复杂思想理解涵会受益匪浅 果办公室里 思想写出明确简洁分析会光明职业前景
7 Studying the humanities makes us familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process In an information economy many people have the ability to produce a useful product such as a new MP3 player Yet very few people have the ability to create a spectacular brand the iPod Most importantly studying the humanities invests us with great insight and selfawareness thereby releasing our creative energy and talent in a positive and constructive manner
7 学文学科会熟悉表达情感语言进行创造程 信息济中 力创造出新 MP3 播放器样产品 然仅少具力创 造出 iPod 样精彩品牌 重学文学科具伟洞察力 意识积极建设性方式发挥创造力艺
8 Perhaps the best argument in favor of the humanities is the scope of possibilities that are widely open to us Did you know that James Cameron worldfamous director of the movie Titanic graduated with a degree in the humanities So did Sally Ride the first woman in space So did actors Bruce Lee Gwyneth Paltrow Renee Zellweger and Matt Damon Dr Harold Varmus who won a Nobel Prize for Medicine studied the humanities Even Michael Eisner Chairman of the Disney Company majored in the humanities Famous people who studied the humanities make a long list indeed It＇s easy to see that the humanities can prepare us for many different careers and jobs we can undertake whether medicine business science or entertainment If we study only mathematics it＇s likely we will be a candidate only for jobs as a mathematician If we include studying the humanities we can make breakthroughs on many barriers and are limited only by our effort and imagination
8 许支持文学科点文学科提供广阔机会 知道世界闻 名电影泰坦尼克号导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆文学科学位？第登太空 女宇航员萨利·赖德文学科学位 电影演员李龙格温妮丝·帕特洛 蕾妮·齐薇格马特·达蒙 获诺贝尔医学奖哈罗德·瓦慕斯博士学文学 科 甚迪士尼公司总裁迈克尔·艾斯纳修文学科 学文学科名士确实 列出长串 显易见文学事许职业做准备医学 商务科学娱乐 果仅学数学申请数学家类工作 果 学文学科突破许障碍愿意付出努力敢想象
9 Of course nowadays if we study the humanities alone we are liable to miss many opportunities Each one of us needs to become as technically and professionally skilled as possible to help meet the needs of modern life In fact increasingly a pairing of technical knowledge and inner insight is seen as the ideal in the establishment of a career If I were the Dean of Admissions at a medical school and two people applied to our school both having the required basic scientific courses one a philosophy major and the other solely a premed student the philosophy applicant would be chosen
9 然果单学文学科会失机会 需 变技化职业化满足现代生活需 事实技术知识洞察力结合 越越成建立职业生涯理想搭配 果某医学院招生部两 时申请学校两学基础科学课程修哲学仅医学院 预科生会选择位哲学专业申请者
10 In summary the humanities help to create wellrounded human beings with insight and understanding of the passions hopes and dreams common to all humanity The humanities the ancient timeless reservoir of knowledge teach us to see things differently and broaden our horizons They are as useful and relevant in our modern age as they have always been Doesn＇t it make sense to spend some time in the company of the humanities our outstanding and remarkable treasure of knowledge Who knows how famous YOU might become
10 总文学科帮助造全面发展具洞察力理解全类激情 希理想 文学科古老永恒知识储蓄库教方式事 物时拓宽视野 现代社会中文学科生活息息相关发 挥着重作 学中花时间文学科——杰出非知识宝藏—— 相伴难道明智？ 谁知道会变名气呢
Unit 3 section A Journey through the odyssey years
奥德赛岁月旅
1 Most of us know about the phases of life which we label to parallel different age groups and life stages childhood adolescence adulthood and old age We think of infancy before childhood and middle age before old age with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges These challenges can be overcome by acquainting ourselves with them such as the child＇s need to learn the adult＇s need to find the right career and build a family and the senior＇s need for support and good health care
1 数知道根年龄生活阶段生行划分童年青春 期成年老年四阶段 阶段想象婴童年前中年老年前 阶段会面系列特挑战孩子学需成找合适职业生涯建立家庭需年长者帮助良医疗保健需通充分 解战胜挑战
2 Interestingly ideas about the stages of life are changing
2 趣关生阶段观念正发生变化
3 In previous times people didn＇t have a solid idea of childhood as being separate from adulthood A hundred years ago no one thought of adolescence Until recently it was understood as a norm that their induction to adulthood was completed as soon as they graduated from college They would now find a sensible job which would lead to a career Then during this career they would start a family ideally before they turned 30
3 先前年代没种固童年成年分开想法 百年前谁没 想青春期 直然认：学毕业成入 门阶段结束 会找份引入职业生涯合适工作 然职业生 涯期间会成家三十岁前成家更理想
4 Today we have an equivalent need to recognize a new phase of life that comes after high school graduation continues through college and then leads to starting a family and having a career the socalled odyssey years Recent trends show radical changes as young people are following a different agenda They take breaks from school live with friends and often return to living with their parents Similarly they fall in and out of love quit one job and try another or even shift to a new career So we need to recognize this new stage the odyssey years which many now consider to be an unavoidable stage in reaching adulthood
4 天样需认识新生阶段：高中毕业学然成家立业谓奥德赛岁月年轻正种模式生活趋势出现根性 变化学校休学朋友住常回父母住样恋爱失恋辞掉份工作寻找新甚改行 需认识新阶段——奥德赛岁月 现许认步入成年前难回避阶段
5 People who were born prior to the 60s or 70s in the last century tended to frame their concept of adulthood based upon achieving certain accomplishments moving away from home becoming financially independent finding the right spouse and starting a family But that emphasis on stability did not remain static Today young people are unlikely to do the same During the odyssey years a high proportion of young people are delaying marriage child bearing and even employment
5 出生世纪 60 年代 70 年代前会成年概念基否取某 成：父母家搬走济独立找合适配偶组织家庭 稳定强调 没保持变天年轻太仿效父母 奥德赛岁月中相例年 轻推迟结婚生子甚推迟业
6 The odyssey years can saddle young people with enormous pressure to move forward quickly As the sole heir and focus of their parents＇ expectations hopes and dreams some react with rebellious and prideful attitudes and behavior toward their parents They often resent the pressure they＇re feeling and keep a distance from their parents or even run away from home Their confusion comes from the difficulties to make parents understand them and the fluid journey of discovery they need in this phase of their lives To get away from this confusion and upset many young people resort to computer games iPods iPhones or iPads to help distract them from their pain and stress
6 奥德赛岁月年轻承受巨压力迫快速前 作父母唯继 承期希梦想聚焦年轻叛逆桀骜驯行态度父 母憎恨感压力父母保持距离甚离家出走困惑源难家长解源段需进行探索确定生旅 逃避困惑安许年轻诉诸电脑游戏iPodiPhone iPad帮助分散 痛苦压力
7 Likewise their parents are feeling more anxious They may make allowances for a transition phase from student life to adult life but they get upset when they see the transition of their grown children＇s lives moving away from their expectations and stretching five years to seven years and beyond The parents don＇t even detect a clear sense of direction in their children＇s lives They look at them and see the things that are being delayed
7 样父母更着急然理解学生成年需渡阶段 已成年子女渡阶段生活期渐行渐远渡阶段延五年七年甚更 长时感生气父母甚清楚觉察孩子未生活方着 着做事拖延着
8 It＇s hard to predict what＇s next New guidelines haven＇t been established yet and everything seems to give way to a less permanent version of itself There＇s been a shift in the status and balance of power between the genders too More women are getting degrees than men Male wages have remained stable over the past decades while female wages have boomed
8 接会发展难预测新准没建立切似确定版 取代两性间位权力衡转变 取学位女性男性更男性工资 十年里直停滞前女性工资出现激增
9 Apart from anything else this has had an implicit effect on courtship Educated women can get many of the things they want such as security accomplishment and identity without marriage However both genders are having a harder time finding suitable mates to build their lives with
Considering all of this it＇s beneficial to know that even though graduates are delaying many things after college surveys show they still hold highly traditional aspirations For example this contemporary generation rates parenthood even more highly than previous generations did
9 说择偶产生言喻影响未婚受教育妇女 想东西安全感成感认感男女更难找合适伴 侣建立生活讨切时助家知道毕业生离开学 推迟做事调查结果显示持传统愿例代前 代扮演父母角色着更高求
10 This new phase will likely grow more pronounced in the coming years Nations around the world have witnessed similar trends toward delaying marriage and spending more years than ever shifting between higher education and settling down with a career and family
10 新阶段未年更明显 世界国目睹相似趋势推迟结婚花 更年时间徘徊接受高等教育建立职业生涯家庭间
11 Nevertheless graduates shouldn＇t be deceived into thinking they can back off simply because things have become more difficult A large number of people chasing relatively fewer opportunities can create strong competitive pressure So from the outset keep your résumé professional and uptodate
11 然毕业生应误认情况已变更困难放弃 批努力角逐相 较少机会会导致强竞争压力 开始简历写专业做时更新
12 To reinforce this essential message success moving through the odyssey years will come to those who don＇t expect to achieve their goals right away but know that they must have the strength capacity and confidence to endure over the long term If you＇re a little late with your goals don＇t feel like a failure Stay strong be positive and keep focused Someday you will look back and wonder at the vast changes as you passed through the odyssey years
12 强化重信息：利度奥德赛岁月急刻实现目标—— 知道必须保持实力力信心度段较长岁月 果目标起步稍 晚点认失败者 意志坚定态度积极集中精力 天会回 头审视奥德赛岁月带巨改变感惊叹
Unit 4 Section A College sweethearts
1 I smile at my two lovely daughters and they seem so much more mature than we their parents when we were college sweethearts Linda who＇s 21 had a boyfriend in her freshman year she thought she would marry but they＇re not together anymore Melissa who＇s 19 hasn＇t had a steady boyfriend yet My daughters wonder when they will meet The One their great love They think their father and I had a classic fairytale romance heading for marriage from the outset Perhaps they＇re right but it didn＇t seem so at the time In a way love just happens when you least expect it Who would have thought that Butch and I would end up getting married to each other He became my boyfriend because of my shallow agenda I wanted a cute boyfriend
1 微笑着着两爱女似父母学情侣会更成 熟 琳达21 岁学年级交男友会男孩结婚已 梅丽莎19 岁没固定男友 女知时遇 唯伟爱 认父亲着段典童话般浪漫史 开始直奔婚姻殿堂 许正确时似回事 某种 程度爱神恰恰没准备时 谁想布奇终会结婚呢？ 成 男友时肤浅算：找爱男友
2 We met through my college roommate at the university cafeteria That fateful night I was merely curious but for him I think it was love at first sight You have beautiful eyes he said as he gazed at my face He kept staring at me all night long I really wasn＇t that interested for two reasons First he looked like he was a really wild boy maybe even dangerous Second although he was very cute he seemed a little weird
2 通学室友介绍学食堂相识 命中注定夜晚奇 言认见钟情 凝视着脸说：双美丽眼睛 整晚 直盯着 真没感兴趣原二 首先起野 子甚危险 次然爱似点怪异
3 Riding on his bicycle he＇d ride past my dorm as if by accident and pretend to be surprised to see me I liked the attention but was cautious about his wild dynamic personality He had a charming way with words which would charm any girl Fear came over me when I started to fall in love His exciting bad boy image was just too tempting to resist What was it that attracted me I always had an excellent reputation My concentration was solely on my studies to get superior grades But for what College is supposed to be a time of great learning and also some fun I had nearly achieved a great education and graduation was just one semester away But I hadn＇t had any fun my life was stale with no component of fun I needed a boyfriendNot just any boyfriend He had to be cute My goal that semester became Be ambitious and grab the cutest boyfriend I can find
3 骑着行车宿舍装作偶遇时假装惊讶 喜欢重视感 觉野性充满活力性心谨慎 会说话会迷倒女孩 开始爱时恐惧袭 令激动坏子形象简直太诱 究竟什 吸引？ 直口碑极 获优异成绩注意力专注学 样呢？学应该学时间应该乐趣 已达成伟 教育目标离毕业学期遥 没享受乐趣生活乏味 没点新鲜感 需男朋友然男朋友 必须爱 学期目标成：雄心勃勃抓住找爱男友
4 I worried what he＇d think of me True we lived in a time when a dramatic shift in sexual attitudes was taking place but I was a traditional girl who wasn＇t ready for the new ways that seemed common on campus Butch looked superb I was not immune to his personality but I was scared The night when he announced to the world that I was his girlfriend I went along with him And then I suddenly thought Oh my gosh Am I his girlfriend How did that happen Then he whispered sweet words in my ear and said I＇m going to marry you one day and I will be a lawyer You will see
4 担心会 错生活性观念正发生戏剧性转变时代 传统女孩校园里似常见新方式没心理准备 布奇出色 性毫免疫力害怕 天晚家宣布女友时 意 突然清醒：噢天女友？回事？ 紧接着 耳边低声甜言蜜语：天娶会成名律师会天
5 I was laughing inside and said to myself I＇d never marry this guy He＇s a rebel without a good future He＇s my boyfriend because I hate my boring student life I just want to have fun
5 笑着说： 绝会嫁家伙没前途叛逆者男朋友 恨枯燥学生生活想乐趣已
6 Sure enough the following month I found out he had failed all his courses Consequently he was going to be expelled from the university To my disgust he seemed resigned to his fate I knew there was hope so I led him to the college secretary for reconsideration
6 果然月发现课程格 学名 令厌恶似屈命运 知道希学院秘书进行复议
7 You are going to graduate with a BA in political science from UPenn and proceed to the College of Law I told him lodging an appeal on his behalf which was approved Butch was granted reconsideration And once we became steadies he coordinated his studies and social life passing all of his classes He eventually studied law
7 告诉：先宾夕法尼亚学政治学学士学位然进入法律学院 名义递交呈请书结果批准 校方意复议布奇情况 男女朋友关系 确定协调学社交生活结果门课通 终学法律
8 Despite Butch＇s somewhat wild character at his core he is always a perfect gentleman and deserves a lot of credit for that True he＇d sometimes take the liberty of displaying his love by planting a kiss on my lips right in front of my astonished friends who watched and disapproved But the truth is we had a pure and responsible relationship for seven full years Sitting by the palm trees hand in hand we would listen to romantic songs watch the sunset and weave dreams of being together with children of our own forever
8 布奇性格点野骨子里完美绅士值高度赞扬确 时会朋友面前亲吻嘴擅表达爱朋友惊讶 然 事实整整七年恋爱关系中直纯洁负责坐棕榈树手牵着手听着浪漫歌曲观赏着日落编织着孩子起美梦直 永远
9 Two years passed in a blur One day Butch took me by surprise as he knelt down and proposed marriage holding a dozen red roses Filled with deep emotion I confessed my love for him How roooomaaaantic Then my brain woke up from fantasy land I cried out Good heavens No We＇re too young to tie the knot We haven＇t even graduated from college yet I really loved him but was pessimistic about our chances for success
9 两年糊里糊涂 天布奇出意手捧着红玫瑰跪求婚 心 中充满深情坦诚爱：太太太太太浪漫 幻想中惊醒 喊出：天现结婚太早甚没学毕业呢 真喜 欢感情修成正果机率持悲观态度
10 We married five years later
10 五年结婚
11 Our faithful journey of love and learning took us down rocky roads of hardship and on smooth easygoing highways It is a long romantic sometimes crazy love story that sums up a 29year long honeymoon together as a couple who are still madly in love with each other Our love commenced with a casual attraction but bloomed into a mature love and rich life
11 忠实爱学旅带走艰难崎岖岩石路走坦易行公路 永久浪漫时疯狂爱情事诠释疯狂爱着方夫妇起 度 29 年久蜜月 爱漫心互相吸引开始终发展出成熟爱 情富足生活
Unit 5 Section A Spend or save — The student＇s dilemma
花钱存钱学生进退维谷
1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question Should I spend or should I save I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other The government tells us to spend or we＇ll never get out of the recession At the same time they tell us that unless we save more our country is in grave danger Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more
1 样应该花钱存钱问题感困惑操感觉？ 觉 生活环境里获信息似违常识互相矛盾 政府告诉花钱 否永远走出衰退时告诉非节省更钱否 国家会处严重危险中 银行提供较高利率增加储蓄 然样银行 提供信卡花更钱
2 Here＇s another familiar example If we don＇t pay our credit card bill on time we get demanding nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like Your failure to pay is unacceptable Pay immediately or you＇ll be in trouble Then as soon as we pay we get a followup email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spendingWhich depiction is correct a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer The gap between these two messages is enormous
2 里家熟悉例子：果时支付信卡账单会收信卡 公司发类似样令讨厌催缴账单电子邮件：款接受请立缴付 否果负 旦款会收封进电子邮件语气蔼亲说 宝贵客户鼓励继续花钱 底描述正确？麻烦失败 消费者宝贵客户？ 两者间天壤
3 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other One is the permissive perspective Buy spend get it now You need this The other we could call an upright message which urges us Work hard and save Suspend your desires Avoid luxuries Control your appetite for more than you truly need This message comes to us from many sources from school from parents even from political figures referring to traditional values Hard work family loyalty and the capacity to postpone desires are core American values that have made our country great
3 相矛盾情况天收彼相左两种信息 种容角度 买东西花钱现需 外种称正直信息 力劝：努力工作钱存起控制欲买奢侈品垂涎 真正需东西 类信息源甚学校方面家长方面甚提 传统价值观政治物 艰苦创业忠家庭推迟欲美国价值观核心 国家变强
4 But the opposite message advertising＇s permissive message is inescapable Though sometimes disguised the messages are everywhere we look on TV in movies on printed media and road signs in stores and on busses trains and subways Advertisementsinvade our daily lives We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend spend spend Someone recently said The only time you can escape advertising is when you＇re in your bed asleep
4 相反信息容断花钱广告 然类信息时 乔装扮处见电视电影印刷媒介路牌商店公汽车火车铁 皆 广告侵入日常生活 时时包围花钱花钱花钱信息 中说：唯逃脱广告时候床睡着时
5 It＇s been calculated that by the age of 18 the average American will have seen 600000 ads by the age of 40 the total is almost one million Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions from the breakfast cereal we eat to whichcruise line we will use for our vacation There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy Now of course we don＇t remember exactly what the products were but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness It＇s good to satisfy your desires You should have what you want You deserve the best So you should buy it — now A famous advertisement said it perfectly I love me I＇m a good friend to myself I do what makes me feel good I derive pleasure from nice things and feel nourished by them I used to put things off Not anymore Today I＇ll buy new ski equipment look at new compact cars and buy that camera I＇ve always wanted I live my dreams today not tomorrow
5 计算普通美国 18 岁时会 60 万广告 40 岁时广告总数 百万 广告努力影响形形色色购买决定——吃早餐麦片 假期条邮轮线路 决会缺少花钱买什东西广告 现 然确切记广告产品重信息已凝聚意识里：满足愿 应该拥想应该应该买——现着名 广告诠释完美：爱朋友做感觉舒服事精美 东西里乐趣感觉滋养常想着等买现会天会购买全新滑雪装备新型巧灵便轿车买台直想相机 天实现梦想会等明天
6 What happens as we take in these contradictory but explicit messages What are the psychological and social consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits On one hand we want more things because we want to satisfy our material appetite Most of us derive pleasure from treating ourselves On the other hand a little voice inside us echoes those upright messages Watch out takestock of your life don＇t let your attention get scattered Postpone your desires Don＇t fall into debt Wait Retain control over your own life It will make you stronger
6 接受相互矛盾明确信息时会什事情发生呢？ 种控制花钱 惯宣传活动会造成什心理社会影响呢？ 方面希买更东西 满足物质欲 中数通善乐趣 时身体里 面微弱声音正直信息鸣：心掂量掂量生活注 意力分散推迟欲陷入债务等保留生活控制权会更坚强
7 Anyway many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances Consider your financial wellbeing as a key ingredient of your university education as money worries are extremely stressful and distracting They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to focus on your prime objective successfully completing your education
7 总成功学生需技应财务中 良财务状况 成学教育中关键素金钱担忧会倍感压力分心 会感觉糟糕阻止专注首目标成功完成学业
8 How can you be a smart and educated consumer Many schools community organizations and even some banks offer financial literacy classes Consider consulting with your school＇s financial aid office or seek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and find pleasure in the administration of your own financial affairs Most importantly if you find yourself getting into financial trouble don＇t let your ego get in your way urgently get help with tackling your problem before it spins out of control and lands you in legal troubles
8 样成聪明相关知识消费者呢？ 许学校社区组织甚银行 提供金融扫盲班考虑学校财务援助办公室咨询父母值尊敬成 年请教建立预算方案 外选择找合作伙伴帮保持良财务 状况理金融事务中找乐趣 重果发现正陷入财务困 境妨碍情况变失控惹法律麻烦前赶紧寻求帮助解决问题
9 All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver As you learn to balance spending and saving you will become the captain of your own shipsteering your life in a successful and productive direction through the choppy waters
9 切帮助成拥相关知识消费者储蓄者 学会衡支出储 蓄会成船长驾驶着生活船风破浪驶成功富
Unit 6 Section A Door closer are you
关门者？
1 The next time you＇re deciding between rival options one which is primary and the other which is secondary ask yourself this question What would Xiang Yu do
1 次两难取舍次选择间做决定时妨问样 问题：项羽会做？
2 Xiang Yu was a Chinese imperial general in the third century BC who took his troops across the Zhang River on a raid into enemy territory To his troops＇ astonishment he ordered their cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned
2 项羽公元前三世纪中国古代王位军带领部队横渡漳河突袭进入 敌方领 令砸锅烧船令部队震惊
3 He explained that he was imposing on them a necessity for attaining victory over their opponents What he said was surely motivating but it wasn＇t really appreciated by many of his loyal soldiers as they watched their vessels go up in flames But the genius of General Xiang Yu＇s conviction would be validated both on the battlefield and in modern social science research General Xiang Yu was a rare exception to the norm a veteran leader who was highly respected for his many conquests and who achieved the summit of success
3 解释道强加战胜手必举措说疑十分鼓舞士气 许忠诚士兵眼睁睁着船火焰中焚毁时赞成做 法 项羽军种砸锅焚船做法显示出天赋战场现代社会科学研究 中肯定 项羽军罕见墨守成规位验丰富领袖 征战数达成功顶峰深受尊敬
4 He is featured in Dan Ariely＇s enlightening new publication Predictably Irrational a fascinating investigation of seemingly irrational human behavior such as the tendency for keeping multiple options open Most people can＇t marshal the will for painful choices not even students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where Dr Ariely teaches behavioral economics In an experiment that investigated decisionmaking hundreds of students couldn＇t bear to let their options vanish even though it was clear they wouldprofit from doing so
4 丹· 阿雷利极富启迪性新书 预见非理性项羽作专题介绍书似 非理性类行譬类总想留住项选择机会倾进行引入胜调查 数整理思路做痛苦选择麻省理工学院阿雷利博士行济学门 课学生例外 调查作决策项实验中百名学生忍受眼睁睁着 选择机会消失清楚样做利
5 The experiment revolved around a game that eliminated the excuses we usually have for refusing to let go In the real world we can always say It＇s good to preserve our options Want a good example A teenager is exhausted from soccer ballet piano and Chinese lessons but her parents won＇t stop any one of them because they might come in handy some day
5 实验围绕着游戏展开游戏排通常肯放手口 现实世界 里总会说：保留选择机会 想例子？ 十岁女 孩足球芭蕾舞钢琴中文课累筋疲力父母会停止项活动 理天会派场
6 In the experiment sessions students played a computer game that provided cash behind three doors appearing on the screen The rule was the more money you earned the better player you were given a total of 100 clicks Every time the students opened a door by clicking on it they would use up one click but wouldn＇t get any money However each subsequent click on that door would earn a fluctuating sum of money with one door always revealing more money than the others The important part of the rule was each door switch though having no cash value would also use up one of the 100 clicks Therefore the winning strategy was to quickly check all the doors and keep clicking on the one with the seemingly highest rewards
6 实验里学生玩电脑游戏 电脑屏幕会显示三扇门扇门会提供 现金 该游戏规点击 100 次点击获取钱越玩越 学生点击次开扇门会掉点击数会钱 然
接着扇门次点击会挣数额等钱三扇门显示钱总扇外两 扇 游戏规重点然次换门没金钱回报会掉次点击数 制胜战略迅速查门然点击扇似钱门
7 While playing the game students noticed a modified visual element Any door left unclicked for a short while would shrink in size and vanish Since they already understood the game they should have ignored the vanishing doors Nevertheless they hurried to click on the lesser doors before they vanished trying to keep them open As a result they wasted so many clicks rushing back to the vanishing doors that they lost money in the end Why were the students so attached to the lesser doors They would probably protest that they were clinging to the doors to keep future options open but according to Dr Ariely that isn＇t the true factor
7 玩游戏时学生注意视觉变化：果片刻没点击某扇门扇门 会慢慢缩消失已解游戏规应消失门予理睬 然 消失前迫点击变门试图开启着 结果 匆忙回点击快消失门时浪费点击数输钱 什学生 变门恋呢？ 会争辩说紧抓住门留机 会阿雷利博士说真正原
8 Instead of the excuse to maintain future options open underneath it all the students＇ desire was to avoid the immediate though temporary pain of watching options close Closing a door on an option is experienced as a loss and people are willing to pay a big price to avoid the emotion of loss Dr Ariely says In the experiment the price was easily measured in lost cash In life the corresponding costs are often less obvious such as wasted time or missed opportunities
8 留机会口背反映出学生堪目睹眼前选择机 会剥夺种痛苦时 阿雷利博士说：闭扇选择门受 次损失宁愿付出代价避免情感失落 实验中损失容易丢失 现金衡量 生活中相应损失没明显浪费时间错机会
9 Sometimes these doors are closing too slowly for us to see them vanishing Dr Ariely writes We may work more hours at our jobs without realizing that the childhood of our sons and daughters is slipping away
9 时候门慢慢关闭没悄然消失阿雷利博士写道： 花时间工作没意识子女童年正悄悄溜走
10 So what can be done to restore balance in our lives One answer Dr Ariely says is to implement more prohibitions on overbooking We can work to reduce options on our own delegating tasks to others and even giving away ideas for others to pursue He points to marriage as an example In marriage we create a situation where we promise ourselves not to keep options open We close doors and announce to others we＇ve closed doors
10 做什生活恢复衡呢？阿雷利博士说办法制止更 超额预约 减少选择务委派甚放弃点子 做 婚姻作例子：婚姻中承诺保留选择机会创造获 佳选择利局面关选择门告诉已作出选择
11 Since conducting the door experiment Dr Ariely says he has made a conscious effort to lessen his load He urges the rest of us to resign from committees prune holiday card lists rethink hobbies and remember the lessons of door closers like Xiang Yu
11 阿雷利博士说进行点击门实验已意识努力减轻负担 敦促辞委员会工作删减送节日贺卡名单重新思考兴趣爱记住项羽 样关门者启示
12 In other words Dr Ariely is encouraging us to discard those things that seem to have outward merit in favor of those things that actually enrich our lives We are naturally prejudiced to believe that more is better but Dr Ariely＇s research provides a dose of reality that strongly suggests otherwise
12 换言鼓励放弃似表面价值东西追求真正丰富 生活东西 然偏执相信选择越越阿雷利博士研究强力 告诉事实非
13 What price do we pay for trying to have more and more in life What pleasure and satisfaction can be derived from focusing our energy and attention in a more concentrated fashion Surely we will have our respective answers
13 想生活中越越选择代价什？更集中精力注意力中 获什样喜悦满足？ 然会答案
14 Consider these important questions Will we have more by always increasing options or will we have more with fewer carefully chosen options What doors should we close in order to allow the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open
14 试想重问题：做会获更断增加选择保持少 数精心挑选选择？ 应关闭什门便机会幸福窗开？
Unit 7 section A Woman at the management level
女性理者
1 When Monica applied for a job as an administrative assistant in 1971 she was asked whether she would rather work for a male or a female attorney I immediately said a man she says I felt that a malebossfemaleemployee relationship was more natural needing no personal accommodation whatsoever But 20 years later when she was asked the same question she said I was pleasantly surprised that female bosses are much more accessible to their employees they＇re much more sensitive and intimate with their employees
1 莫妮卡 1971 年申请行政助理工作时问想男律师事女律师 事 马说想男律师事说 认男老板女雇员关系更然丝毫需 互相调整 20 年问样问题时说： 令感惊喜员工说 女司更容易接更理解员工更亲密
2 Female bosses today are still finding they face subtle resistance There is still a segment of the population both men and surprisingly women who report low tolerance for female bosses The growing presence of female bosses has also provoked two major questions that revolve around styles Do men and women manage differently and if so is that a good thing
2 天女司然发现面着易察觉阻力 部分——男性令 惊讶女性——说难忍受女性工作 女司断涌现引出工作方 式关两问题：男女理风格？果件事？
3 Monica is disposed to think so on both counts Now a 40yearold mother of four she is president of a public sector labor union with 45000 members Relations with my employees are probably different from those of male managers preceding me she says I know what it＇s like to have to call and say my kid got the mumps so I won＇t be coming in I have a more flexible style — not soft just more understanding The man who is Monica＇s assistant agrees She tends to delegate more and is always looking for a consensus People are happy and flourish because they have an input into decisions and they are not mere bystanders their energies are harnessed On the other hand consensus takes longer
3 莫妮卡两问题持肯定意见 莫妮卡现 40 岁四孩子位拥 45000 名成员公部门工会席 员工关系前前男性 说 知道电话说孩子腮腺炎班种什样 状况风格更灵活软弱点理解 莫妮卡男助理表示赞成： 放权更总寻求识家开心成感参决策
单纯旁观者量利然方面通协商达成致意见需 时间长
4 So are the differences symbolic or real Plausible studies suggest that men are typically hierarchical goaloriented and feel entitled Women by contrast manage diplomatically and share power That point of view is often challenged and argued Some proclaim that men and women of similar backgrounds experience and aspirations basically manage in the same way This view is echoed by younger women especially those who have encountered little gender discrimination That was certainly the lesson for Nicole When her father died of a heart attack she was an employee at a petroleum products export company She quit and took over her family＇s 160acre fruit farm in StDavid＇s County On her first day in the field a worker called her darling He was trying to test me I was shaking with anger says Nicole now 34 I stood erect and said You wouldn＇t have called my father darling and you＇re not going to take that liberty with me If you do I＇ll fire you＇
4 种差异象征性实质性呢？ 研究指出男通常等级观念 目标导喜欢权力感觉 相反女灵活变通愿意分享权力 观 点受质疑争 宣称类似背景验抱负男女基理方式 相 年轻女性特少遭受性歧视女性样认 妮尔疑 中教训 父亲心脏病世时家石油产品出口公司雇员 辞 职接家圣卫县 160 英亩果园 第天出现果园时名工称亲 爱 想试探气发抖现年 34 岁妮尔说 挺直腰板站里 说：会称父亲亲爱没权利样称呼果样做会解雇 ’
5 When women work for women a different dynamic often takes over Susan a cashier in a Toronto auction house says that she has explored friendships with some of her female bosses and feels she can rely on them more While women may feel more at ease with a female boss men often have to make concessions to the new working styles Brian a marine biologist says It took me a couple of years before I felt comfortable enough to relax around a female manager In fact my relations with her were much more businesslike
5 女性女司工作时会种工作交流方式 苏珊伦家拍卖 行收银员说女司建立起友谊感更够 然女性 会觉女司相处时更然男性作出改变适应女司新工作方 式 海洋生物学家布赖恩说：花年时间女理事时感轻松事实 前关系更种务实工作关系
6 To some extent the malefemale differences come down to conflicting styles One female vicepresident discussed the time she burst into tears during a meeting Men think that tears are a nuclear weapon in a conventional war They take exception to a woman crying inferring that she＇s feeling unhappy or violated The men failed to understand that what prompted her tears was not hurt but genuine rage When we cry it＇s because we have all this valid rage that has no appropriate release she says Women cry men get relief by going on with the offense or by veiling their feelings to appear composed
6 某种程度说男女间差异根结底工作方式突 位女副总裁谈 次会议忍住落泪历时说：男认女眼泪常规战争中核武器 女哭泣满认感觉愉快受侵犯 男明白促掉泪 受伤害真正愤怒 哭泣切合理愤怒没适 方释放说女通哭释放情绪男通继续犯掩盖情绪显 示镇定释放情绪
7 Deborah president of a firm with its headquarters in Toronto says that even if men do understand they sometimes react differently to the identical information and to her cooperative management style
7 德博拉家总部伦公司总裁表示男明白回事时 样信息合作型理风格会反应
8 Deborah says that her authority is sometimes undermined by perceptions about her gender It stems from the whole social context of traditional roles for men and women she says Mom would tell you to do things but perhaps you wouldn＇t take as much notice as when Dad told you to do things Men also have a stronger urge to control she says
8 德博拉说权威时性观念作祟受损害 源整社会男性女性 传统角色界定说 妈妈会做事情许会爸爸做事情样意 男更强控制欲说
9 For female bosses the great expectation of some female employees is one more obstacle Junior women assume a female boss will promote them more quickly than a man would But they also expect female bosses to be more selfsufficient They ask Why can＇t you scan your own stuff＇ or Why can＇t you do your own filing＇ says one senior female executive
9 女司说女员工高期障碍 职位较低女员工认女司会 男司更迅速提拔 希女司揽更事位资深女 说：会问什扫描文件？’什整理文件？’
10 On the other hand there is no dispute that a few decades ago they would rarely have had a female boss in the workplace Nina a management consultant says she＇s vaguely optimistic I＇m looking forward to the day before I die when we recognize that the best management styles will be composed of the best that both genders bring to the table Well she pauses maybe not before she dies perhaps in her daughter＇s lifetime
10 方面十年前工作方女司点毫争议 理顾问 尼娜说审慎乐观 期某天死前会意识理风格 男女双方带佳组合…… 嗯停顿世前许女 生年会实现吧
Unit 8 Section A Animals or children — A scientist＇s choice
动物孩子？—— 位科学家选择
1 I am the enemy I am one of those cursed cruel physician scientists involved in animal research These rumors sting for I have never thought of myself as an evil person I became a children＇s doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy During medical school and residency I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury — circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go More importantly I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy happy children drew me to medical research
1 敌 诅咒残忍搞动物实验医生科学家 谣言刺痛没想邪恶 成位科医生 爱孩子愿保持健康 医学院学住院医生实时 许童死癌症受伤流血——然医学正取进步远非完善 更重 孩子保持健康益医学进步婴呼吸支持器功效强新 药物外科手术技术整器官移植领域发展 希孩子健康快乐促事 医学研究
2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil They claim that I have no moral compass that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine Meanwhile an uncaring public barely watches convinced that the issue has no significance and publicityconscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists
2 控诉真相歪曲成神话描写成恶魔 声称没道德界限 折磨辜动物唯目职业升迁实验根医药毫相 关 时动衷公众闻问相信议题毫意义具宣传意识 参议员政治家动物权利活动家游说断作出步
3 We in medical research have also been unbelievably uncaring We have allowed the most extreme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of animal fraud and hatred We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal research for public health Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emotional tone of the argument Perhaps we should have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds
3 事医学研究显令难置信冷漠 允许极端动物权利活 动家渐渐侵入类研究诬陷动物欺诈动物仇恨 直坚信 知识公众会赞动物研究公众健康重性 许错误没场争感 性基调作出反应 许早应该挥动着童死癌症外伤样令伤心海报 回应关动物受害伤感标语海报
4 In the animal rights forum much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the name of medical science Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our evil and cruel nature A more reasonable argument however can be advanced in our defense Life is often cruel to animals and human beings Teenagers are flung from trucks and suffer severe head injuries Young children barely able to walk find themselves at the bottom of swimming pools while a parent is occupied with something else From everyday germs to gang violence no life is free of pain Physicians hoping to relieve the eternal suffering of these tragedies have only three choices 1) create an animal model of the problem to understand the process and test new therapies 2) experiment on human beings (some experiments will succeed most will fail) or 3) leave medical knowledge static hoping that accidental discoveries will lead us forward
4 动物权利坛肆宣扬医学名义动物受巨痛苦 动物权利活 动家否认正努力帮助类说邪恶残忍性证然更合 理点进行辩护 生活动物类残酷 青少年甩卡车 外导致头部严重受伤 太会走路孩子溺水沉游泳池底部时家长正忙 事务 常见细菌侵害帮派暴力没谁受伤害 医生希永远 减轻悲剧带身体痛苦三选择：1）动物做实验解整 医疗程测试新疗法2）进行体实验（实验会成功数会失败）3） 医疗知识解处停滞状态希偶然发现会带领前
5 Some animal rights activists would suggest an optional fourth choice claiming that computer models can create animal experiments thus omitting actual experiments Computers can imitate the effects of wellunderstood principles on complex systems as in the application of the laws of physics to airplane and automobile design However when the principles themselves are in question as is the case with the complex biological systems of human life under study computer modeling alone is of little value
5 动物权利活动家会提出第四选项声称计算机模拟动物实验样 省真实实验程 计算机模拟熟知原理复杂系统中应效果 物理规律飞机汽车设计中应样 然原理身问题时正处 研究阶段复杂生物系统情况样仅计算机模拟成效甚微
6 One of the terrifying effects of arresting the use of animals in medical research is that the impact will not be felt for years or even decades Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered surgical and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped and fundamental biological processes that might have been understood will remain mysteries There is the danger that quick decisions by wellmeaning politicians will create resolution to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud protestors while the consequences and damaging impact of those decisions will not be apparent until long after
6 阻止动物进行医学研究怕果影响年甚十年 知晓：治愈感染新药物法发现外科手术诊断技术发展 发掘基生物学进程未解谜 危险善意政治家匆忙作出决定出 解决方案策略性满足部分声疾呼示威者决定果造成破 坏性影响久会显现
7 Fortunately most of us enjoy good health and the agony of watching one＇s child die has become a rare experience Yet our good fortune should not make us unappreciative Protection from serious sickness and drugs to combat heart disease high blood pressure and stroke are all based on animal research Most complex surgical procedures such as heart or hip surgery and organ transplantation surgeries were initially developed in animals Techniques to replace defective genes the cause of so much disease as well as the development of synthetic organs are presently undergoing animal studies These studies and any subsequent advances will effectively end if animal research is severely restricted
7 幸运数享健康体魄眼睁睁着孩子死亡苦已见 然 够享受健康享受医学进步带健康应该心存感激 严重疾病 预防心脏病高血压中风药物基动物研究 复杂外科手术 心脏髋关节手术器官移植手术初动物实验中进行 取代导致众疾病 缺陷基技术造器官发展目前正处动物实验研究阶段 果动物研究严 格受限研究进展彻底宣告结束
8 In America today death has become an event isolated from our daily existence As a doctor who has watched many children die and seen their parents＇ infinite grief I am particularly angered by any minute expression of caring for the suffering of creatures and so little for sick and dying human beings People are too protected from the reality of human life and death and what it means
8 天美国死亡已成日常生活中孤立少见事 作见许童 死亡父母悲痛极医生感特愤怒动物痛苦表达入微 生病生命垂危冷漠情 受太保护 感觉现实世界 里生死感觉代表真实意义
9 Make no mistake however I would never advocate needless cruel treatment of animals The animal rights movement has made a contribution in making us more aware of animals＇ needs and the need to search harder for suitable alternatives But if the more radical members of this movement are successful in threatening further research their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost many lives Hence the real question is whether an uncaring majority can be aroused to protect its future against a loud but misdirected minority
9 搞错提倡动物实行必残忍 动物权利运动更加意识 动物应权利努力寻找合适代品需 果更动物权利运动 激进分子成功阻止进步研究努力会造成许生命代价悲 剧 真正问题否唤起数漠关心民众保护动物实验 反嗓门挺误导部分
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Unit 1 Text A An impressive Engli lsesson
标题 堂难忘英语课
1 果唯纠正孩英语家长子许
言乏味怪物：听教诲父亲沉湎语法规子似颇反感
2 觉偶遇前位学生时开始问题认真起
学生刚欧洲旅游回满怀着诚挚期问：欧洲行？
3 点三四头绞脑汁苦苦寻找恰词语然惊呼：真哇
4 没希腊文明罗马建筑辉煌居然囊括浓缩完整语
句中学生哇表示惊叹摇头表达更强
烈忧虑
5 关正确英语力降问题许事学生确应该
够区分诸 theirtherethey＇re 间区 complimentary complementary 间显易见差异知识缺陷承受着部分该承受批评指责舆认应该学更
6 学生笨周围听语言误导举例说杂货
店指示牌会引 stationary（静止处）然便笺相册笔记等真正 stationery（文具品）没钉朋友亲常宣
称 They＇ve just ate实际应该说 They＇ve just eaten批评学生合清理
7 种缺乏语言功底引起负面指责应咎学校学校应英语
熟练程度制定出更高标准相反学校教零星语法高级词汇更少少学校年轻教师显然缺乏重语言结构方面知识没接触学校责教会年轻进行效语言沟通没语言基框架准确语法恰词汇充分传授学生
8 语法数年轻学生言枯燥乏味觉讲授语法步
步注重技巧进行天机会子开车外出出发时
鸟飞稳说：飞稳（It＇s flying so unsteady)心翼翼问：子鸟飞问题？说？（Did I say anything incorrectly）头雾水太说 incorrectly incorrect副词描述动词 unsteadily 描述鸟飞 unsteady
9 纠正奇问什副词慢慢解释道：副词修
饰动词词导致询问什动词解释说：动词表示行词例：爸爸开卡车开’动词爸爸做事
10 开始表示行词产生兴趣罗列动词：飞行
游泳跳水跑步然奇问词没说明法功名称引发名词形容词冠词讨短短十分钟驾驶时间语法知学会句子中词语词性次毫痛苦非常趣学历
11 许语言应该成张路线图件珍品：常常查路线图（核语法）调整汽车引擎（调节词汇）学语法掌握量词汇
着路线图车况良车里驾驶
12 路线图旅行提供需基路线路途指南会告诉路究竟会见什树什花会遇见什样会什样感
受里词汇会旅途变五彩缤纷栩栩生量词汇享受开车途中见点点滴滴助语法丰富词汇灵活性掌控路线图会带目台车完全陶醉旅途
景色声音历中
13 学生说效准确富成效沟通技取决语法词汇两利条件学校没教
14 天早子吃早饭时想牛奶加入茶里爸爸
说果话会样做牛奶会变酸（If I were you I wouldn＇t do that It＇s sour）
15 哦帝满怀着骄傲说道语法完全正确句子 were was
16 知道知道愉悦舒口气虚拟语气
17 轮哇
Unit 2 Section A The humanities Out of date
文学科：时？
1 When the going gets tough the tough take accounting When the job market worsens many students calculate they can＇t major in English or history They have to study something that boosts their prospects of landing a job
1 形势变困难时强者会选学会计 业市场恶化时许学生估算着 修英语历史学改善业前景东西
2 The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the everrising cost of tuition they have defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and hard skills that they bet will lead to employment In other words a college education is more and more seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate
2 数显示着学生肩负学费断增加已学文学科转相信益 业应科学硬技 换言学教育越越成改善济提升 类身手段 种趋势会持续甚加快势
3 Over the next few years as labor markets struggle the humanities will probably continue their long slide in succession There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of liberal arts majors over the past generation and it is logical to think that the trend is bound to continue or even accelerate Once the dominant pillars of university life the humanities now play little roles when students take their college tours These days labs are more vivid and compelling than libraries
3 未年劳动力市场景气文学科会继续长期低迷态势 代学生中修文科学生数跌幅已 50种趋势会持续甚加速想法 合情合理 文学科学生活重支柱学生学游中 点缀现实验室图书馆更栩栩生受青睐
4 Here please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the humanities add to people＇s lives Since ancient times people have speculated about the mystery of those inner forces that drive some people to greatness and others to selfdestruction This inner drive has been called many things over the centuries The famous psychologist Sigmund Freud called it the unconscious mind or more familiarly instinct
4 请允许文学科生活增添真实价值进行支持宣传 古 直思索类身具什神奇力变崇高伟走 毁灭 世纪股力称作东西 着名心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊 德称潜意识更熟知
5 From the beginning of time this inner aspect of our being this drive that can be constructive or destructive has captured our imagination The stories of this amazing struggle have formed the basis of cultures the world over Historians architects authors philosophers and artists have captured the words images and meanings of this inner struggle in the form of story music myth painting architecture sculpture landscape and traditions These men and women developed artistic languages that help us understand these aspirations and also educate generations This fertile body of work from ancient times the very foundation of civilization forms the basis of study of the humanities
5 开始类股建设性毁灭性驱动力令心驰神 惊充满心挣扎事形成世界文化基础 历史学家建筑师作家哲学 家艺术家事音乐神话绘画建筑雕刻风景画传统形式捕捉 撞击心灵文字形象涵 男男女女创造出具艺术性语言帮助 解类强烈愿教育代代 古时起开始充满想象量 作品正文明底蕴奠定文研究基础
6 Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write No matter what we do in life we will have a huge advantage if we can read complex ideas and understand their meaning We will have a bright career if we are the person in the office who can write a clear and elegant analysis of those ideas
6 学文学科会提高阅读写作力 生中事什职业果 读懂复杂思想理解涵会受益匪浅 果办公室里 思想写出明确简洁分析会光明职业前景
7 Studying the humanities makes us familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process In an information economy many people have the ability to produce a useful product such as a new MP3 player Yet very few people have the ability to create a spectacular brand the iPod Most importantly studying the humanities invests us with great insight and selfawareness thereby releasing our creative energy and talent in a positive and constructive manner
7 学文学科会熟悉表达情感语言进行创造程 信息济中 力创造出新 MP3 播放器样产品 然仅少具力创 造出 iPod 样精彩品牌 重学文学科具伟洞察力 意识积极建设性方式发挥创造力艺
8 Perhaps the best argument in favor of the humanities is the scope of possibilities that are widely open to us Did you know that James Cameron worldfamous director of the movie Titanic graduated with a degree in the humanities So did Sally Ride the first woman in space So did actors Bruce Lee Gwyneth Paltrow Renee Zellweger and Matt Damon Dr Harold Varmus who won a Nobel Prize for Medicine studied the humanities Even Michael Eisner Chairman of the Disney Company majored in the humanities Famous people who studied the humanities make a long list indeed It＇s easy to see that the humanities can prepare us for many different careers and jobs we can undertake whether medicine business science or entertainment If we study only mathematics it＇s likely we will be a candidate only for jobs as a mathematician If we include studying the humanities we can make breakthroughs on many barriers and are limited only by our effort and imagination
8 许支持文学科点文学科提供广阔机会 知道世界闻 名电影泰坦尼克号导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆文学科学位？第登太空 女宇航员萨利·赖德文学科学位 电影演员李龙格温妮丝·帕特洛 蕾妮·齐薇格马特·达蒙 获诺贝尔医学奖哈罗德·瓦慕斯博士学文学 科 甚迪士尼公司总裁迈克尔·艾斯纳修文学科 学文学科名士确实 列出长串 显易见文学事许职业做准备医学 商务科学娱乐 果仅学数学申请数学家类工作 果 学文学科突破许障碍愿意付出努力敢想象
9 Of course nowadays if we study the humanities alone we are liable to miss many opportunities Each one of us needs to become as technically and professionally skilled as possible to help meet the needs of modern life In fact increasingly a pairing of technical knowledge and inner insight is seen as the ideal in the establishment of a career If I were the Dean of Admissions at a medical school and two people applied to our school both having the required basic scientific courses one a philosophy major and the other solely a premed student the philosophy applicant would be chosen
9 然果单学文学科会失机会 需 变技化职业化满足现代生活需 事实技术知识洞察力结合 越越成建立职业生涯理想搭配 果某医学院招生部两 时申请学校两学基础科学课程修哲学仅医学院 预科生会选择位哲学专业申请者
10 In summary the humanities help to create wellrounded human beings with insight and understanding of the passions hopes and dreams common to all humanity The humanities the ancient timeless reservoir of knowledge teach us to see things differently and broaden our horizons They are as useful and relevant in our modern age as they have always been Doesn＇t it make sense to spend some time in the company of the humanities our outstanding and remarkable treasure of knowledge Who knows how famous YOU might become
10 总文学科帮助造全面发展具洞察力理解全类激情 希理想 文学科古老永恒知识储蓄库教方式事 物时拓宽视野 现代社会中文学科生活息息相关发 挥着重作 学中花时间文学科——杰出非知识宝藏—— 相伴难道明智？ 谁知道会变名气呢
Unit 3 section A Journey through the odyssey years
奥德赛岁月旅
1 Most of us know about the phases of life which we label to parallel different age groups and life stages childhood adolescence adulthood and old age We think of infancy before childhood and middle age before old age with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges These challenges can be overcome by acquainting ourselves with them such as the child＇s need to learn the adult＇s need to find the right career and build a family and the senior＇s need for support and good health care
1 数知道根年龄生活阶段生行划分童年青春 期成年老年四阶段 阶段想象婴童年前中年老年前 阶段会面系列特挑战孩子学需成找合适职业生涯建立家庭需年长者帮助良医疗保健需通充分 解战胜挑战
2 Interestingly ideas about the stages of life are changing
2 趣关生阶段观念正发生变化
3 In previous times people didn＇t have a solid idea of childhood as being separate from adulthood A hundred years ago no one thought of adolescence Until recently it was understood as a norm that their induction to adulthood was completed as soon as they graduated from college They would now find a sensible job which would lead to a career Then during this career they would start a family ideally before they turned 30
3 先前年代没种固童年成年分开想法 百年前谁没 想青春期 直然认：学毕业成入 门阶段结束 会找份引入职业生涯合适工作 然职业生 涯期间会成家三十岁前成家更理想
4 Today we have an equivalent need to recognize a new phase of life that comes after high school graduation continues through college and then leads to starting a family and having a career the socalled odyssey years Recent trends show radical changes as young people are following a different agenda They take breaks from school live with friends and often return to living with their parents Similarly they fall in and out of love quit one job and try another or even shift to a new career So we need to recognize this new stage the odyssey years which many now consider to be an unavoidable stage in reaching adulthood
4 天样需认识新生阶段：高中毕业学然成家立业谓奥德赛岁月年轻正种模式生活趋势出现根性 变化学校休学朋友住常回父母住样恋爱失恋辞掉份工作寻找新甚改行 需认识新阶段——奥德赛岁月 现许认步入成年前难回避阶段
5 People who were born prior to the 60s or 70s in the last century tended to frame their concept of adulthood based upon achieving certain accomplishments moving away from home becoming financially independent finding the right spouse and starting a family But that emphasis on stability did not remain static Today young people are unlikely to do the same During the odyssey years a high proportion of young people are delaying marriage child bearing and even employment
5 出生世纪 60 年代 70 年代前会成年概念基否取某 成：父母家搬走济独立找合适配偶组织家庭 稳定强调 没保持变天年轻太仿效父母 奥德赛岁月中相例年 轻推迟结婚生子甚推迟业
6 The odyssey years can saddle young people with enormous pressure to move forward quickly As the sole heir and focus of their parents＇ expectations hopes and dreams some react with rebellious and prideful attitudes and behavior toward their parents They often resent the pressure they＇re feeling and keep a distance from their parents or even run away from home Their confusion comes from the difficulties to make parents understand them and the fluid journey of discovery they need in this phase of their lives To get away from this confusion and upset many young people resort to computer games iPods iPhones or iPads to help distract them from their pain and stress
6 奥德赛岁月年轻承受巨压力迫快速前 作父母唯继 承期希梦想聚焦年轻叛逆桀骜驯行态度父 母憎恨感压力父母保持距离甚离家出走困惑源难家长解源段需进行探索确定生旅 逃避困惑安许年轻诉诸电脑游戏iPodiPhone iPad帮助分散 痛苦压力
7 Likewise their parents are feeling more anxious They may make allowances for a transition phase from student life to adult life but they get upset when they see the transition of their grown children＇s lives moving away from their expectations and stretching five years to seven years and beyond The parents don＇t even detect a clear sense of direction in their children＇s lives They look at them and see the things that are being delayed
7 样父母更着急然理解学生成年需渡阶段 已成年子女渡阶段生活期渐行渐远渡阶段延五年七年甚更 长时感生气父母甚清楚觉察孩子未生活方着 着做事拖延着
8 It＇s hard to predict what＇s next New guidelines haven＇t been established yet and everything seems to give way to a less permanent version of itself There＇s been a shift in the status and balance of power between the genders too More women are getting degrees than men Male wages have remained stable over the past decades while female wages have boomed
8 接会发展难预测新准没建立切似确定版 取代两性间位权力衡转变 取学位女性男性更男性工资 十年里直停滞前女性工资出现激增
9 Apart from anything else this has had an implicit effect on courtship Educated women can get many of the things they want such as security accomplishment and identity without marriage However both genders are having a harder time finding suitable mates to build their lives with
Considering all of this it＇s beneficial to know that even though graduates are delaying many things after college surveys show they still hold highly traditional aspirations For example this contemporary generation rates parenthood even more highly than previous generations did
9 说择偶产生言喻影响未婚受教育妇女 想东西安全感成感认感男女更难找合适伴 侣建立生活讨切时助家知道毕业生离开学 推迟做事调查结果显示持传统愿例代前 代扮演父母角色着更高求
10 This new phase will likely grow more pronounced in the coming years Nations around the world have witnessed similar trends toward delaying marriage and spending more years than ever shifting between higher education and settling down with a career and family
10 新阶段未年更明显 世界国目睹相似趋势推迟结婚花 更年时间徘徊接受高等教育建立职业生涯家庭间
11 Nevertheless graduates shouldn＇t be deceived into thinking they can back off simply because things have become more difficult A large number of people chasing relatively fewer opportunities can create strong competitive pressure So from the outset keep your résumé professional and uptodate
11 然毕业生应误认情况已变更困难放弃 批努力角逐相 较少机会会导致强竞争压力 开始简历写专业做时更新
12 To reinforce this essential message success moving through the odyssey years will come to those who don＇t expect to achieve their goals right away but know that they must have the strength capacity and confidence to endure over the long term If you＇re a little late with your goals don＇t feel like a failure Stay strong be positive and keep focused Someday you will look back and wonder at the vast changes as you passed through the odyssey years
12 强化重信息：利度奥德赛岁月急刻实现目标—— 知道必须保持实力力信心度段较长岁月 果目标起步稍 晚点认失败者 意志坚定态度积极集中精力 天会回 头审视奥德赛岁月带巨改变感惊叹
Unit 4 Section A College sweethearts
1 I smile at my two lovely daughters and they seem so much more mature than we their parents when we were college sweethearts Linda who＇s 21 had a boyfriend in her freshman year she thought she would marry but they＇re not together anymore Melissa who＇s 19 hasn＇t had a steady boyfriend yet My daughters wonder when they will meet The One their great love They think their father and I had a classic fairytale romance heading for marriage from the outset Perhaps they＇re right but it didn＇t seem so at the time In a way love just happens when you least expect it Who would have thought that Butch and I would end up getting married to each other He became my boyfriend because of my shallow agenda I wanted a cute boyfriend
1 微笑着着两爱女似父母学情侣会更成 熟 琳达21 岁学年级交男友会男孩结婚已 梅丽莎19 岁没固定男友 女知时遇 唯伟爱 认父亲着段典童话般浪漫史 开始直奔婚姻殿堂 许正确时似回事 某种 程度爱神恰恰没准备时 谁想布奇终会结婚呢？ 成 男友时肤浅算：找爱男友
2 We met through my college roommate at the university cafeteria That fateful night I was merely curious but for him I think it was love at first sight You have beautiful eyes he said as he gazed at my face He kept staring at me all night long I really wasn＇t that interested for two reasons First he looked like he was a really wild boy maybe even dangerous Second although he was very cute he seemed a little weird
2 通学室友介绍学食堂相识 命中注定夜晚奇 言认见钟情 凝视着脸说：双美丽眼睛 整晚 直盯着 真没感兴趣原二 首先起野 子甚危险 次然爱似点怪异
3 Riding on his bicycle he＇d ride past my dorm as if by accident and pretend to be surprised to see me I liked the attention but was cautious about his wild dynamic personality He had a charming way with words which would charm any girl Fear came over me when I started to fall in love His exciting bad boy image was just too tempting to resist What was it that attracted me I always had an excellent reputation My concentration was solely on my studies to get superior grades But for what College is supposed to be a time of great learning and also some fun I had nearly achieved a great education and graduation was just one semester away But I hadn＇t had any fun my life was stale with no component of fun I needed a boyfriendNot just any boyfriend He had to be cute My goal that semester became Be ambitious and grab the cutest boyfriend I can find
3 骑着行车宿舍装作偶遇时假装惊讶 喜欢重视感 觉野性充满活力性心谨慎 会说话会迷倒女孩 开始爱时恐惧袭 令激动坏子形象简直太诱 究竟什 吸引？ 直口碑极 获优异成绩注意力专注学 样呢？学应该学时间应该乐趣 已达成伟 教育目标离毕业学期遥 没享受乐趣生活乏味 没点新鲜感 需男朋友然男朋友 必须爱 学期目标成：雄心勃勃抓住找爱男友
4 I worried what he＇d think of me True we lived in a time when a dramatic shift in sexual attitudes was taking place but I was a traditional girl who wasn＇t ready for the new ways that seemed common on campus Butch looked superb I was not immune to his personality but I was scared The night when he announced to the world that I was his girlfriend I went along with him And then I suddenly thought Oh my gosh Am I his girlfriend How did that happen Then he whispered sweet words in my ear and said I＇m going to marry you one day and I will be a lawyer You will see
4 担心会 错生活性观念正发生戏剧性转变时代 传统女孩校园里似常见新方式没心理准备 布奇出色 性毫免疫力害怕 天晚家宣布女友时 意 突然清醒：噢天女友？回事？ 紧接着 耳边低声甜言蜜语：天娶会成名律师会天
5 I was laughing inside and said to myself I＇d never marry this guy He＇s a rebel without a good future He＇s my boyfriend because I hate my boring student life I just want to have fun
5 笑着说： 绝会嫁家伙没前途叛逆者男朋友 恨枯燥学生生活想乐趣已
6 Sure enough the following month I found out he had failed all his courses Consequently he was going to be expelled from the university To my disgust he seemed resigned to his fate I knew there was hope so I led him to the college secretary for reconsideration
6 果然月发现课程格 学名 令厌恶似屈命运 知道希学院秘书进行复议
7 You are going to graduate with a BA in political science from UPenn and proceed to the College of Law I told him lodging an appeal on his behalf which was approved Butch was granted reconsideration And once we became steadies he coordinated his studies and social life passing all of his classes He eventually studied law
7 告诉：先宾夕法尼亚学政治学学士学位然进入法律学院 名义递交呈请书结果批准 校方意复议布奇情况 男女朋友关系 确定协调学社交生活结果门课通 终学法律
8 Despite Butch＇s somewhat wild character at his core he is always a perfect gentleman and deserves a lot of credit for that True he＇d sometimes take the liberty of displaying his love by planting a kiss on my lips right in front of my astonished friends who watched and disapproved But the truth is we had a pure and responsible relationship for seven full years Sitting by the palm trees hand in hand we would listen to romantic songs watch the sunset and weave dreams of being together with children of our own forever
8 布奇性格点野骨子里完美绅士值高度赞扬确 时会朋友面前亲吻嘴擅表达爱朋友惊讶 然 事实整整七年恋爱关系中直纯洁负责坐棕榈树手牵着手听着浪漫歌曲观赏着日落编织着孩子起美梦直 永远
9 Two years passed in a blur One day Butch took me by surprise as he knelt down and proposed marriage holding a dozen red roses Filled with deep emotion I confessed my love for him How roooomaaaantic Then my brain woke up from fantasy land I cried out Good heavens No We＇re too young to tie the knot We haven＇t even graduated from college yet I really loved him but was pessimistic about our chances for success
9 两年糊里糊涂 天布奇出意手捧着红玫瑰跪求婚 心 中充满深情坦诚爱：太太太太太浪漫 幻想中惊醒 喊出：天现结婚太早甚没学毕业呢 真喜 欢感情修成正果机率持悲观态度
10 We married five years later
10 五年结婚
11 Our faithful journey of love and learning took us down rocky roads of hardship and on smooth easygoing highways It is a long romantic sometimes crazy love story that sums up a 29year long honeymoon together as a couple who are still madly in love with each other Our love commenced with a casual attraction but bloomed into a mature love and rich life
11 忠实爱学旅带走艰难崎岖岩石路走坦易行公路 永久浪漫时疯狂爱情事诠释疯狂爱着方夫妇起 度 29 年久蜜月 爱漫心互相吸引开始终发展出成熟爱 情富足生活
Unit 5 Section A Spend or save — The student＇s dilemma
花钱存钱学生进退维谷
1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question Should I spend or should I save I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other The government tells us to spend or we＇ll never get out of the recession At the same time they tell us that unless we save more our country is in grave danger Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more
1 样应该花钱存钱问题感困惑操感觉？ 觉 生活环境里获信息似违常识互相矛盾 政府告诉花钱 否永远走出衰退时告诉非节省更钱否 国家会处严重危险中 银行提供较高利率增加储蓄 然样银行 提供信卡花更钱
2 Here＇s another familiar example If we don＇t pay our credit card bill on time we get demanding nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like Your failure to pay is unacceptable Pay immediately or you＇ll be in trouble Then as soon as we pay we get a followup email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spendingWhich depiction is correct a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer The gap between these two messages is enormous
2 里家熟悉例子：果时支付信卡账单会收信卡 公司发类似样令讨厌催缴账单电子邮件：款接受请立缴付 否果负 旦款会收封进电子邮件语气蔼亲说 宝贵客户鼓励继续花钱 底描述正确？麻烦失败 消费者宝贵客户？ 两者间天壤
3 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other One is the permissive perspective Buy spend get it now You need this The other we could call an upright message which urges us Work hard and save Suspend your desires Avoid luxuries Control your appetite for more than you truly need This message comes to us from many sources from school from parents even from political figures referring to traditional values Hard work family loyalty and the capacity to postpone desires are core American values that have made our country great
3 相矛盾情况天收彼相左两种信息 种容角度 买东西花钱现需 外种称正直信息 力劝：努力工作钱存起控制欲买奢侈品垂涎 真正需东西 类信息源甚学校方面家长方面甚提 传统价值观政治物 艰苦创业忠家庭推迟欲美国价值观核心 国家变强
4 But the opposite message advertising＇s permissive message is inescapable Though sometimes disguised the messages are everywhere we look on TV in movies on printed media and road signs in stores and on busses trains and subways Advertisementsinvade our daily lives We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend spend spend Someone recently said The only time you can escape advertising is when you＇re in your bed asleep
4 相反信息容断花钱广告 然类信息时 乔装扮处见电视电影印刷媒介路牌商店公汽车火车铁 皆 广告侵入日常生活 时时包围花钱花钱花钱信息 中说：唯逃脱广告时候床睡着时
5 It＇s been calculated that by the age of 18 the average American will have seen 600000 ads by the age of 40 the total is almost one million Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions from the breakfast cereal we eat to whichcruise line we will use for our vacation There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy Now of course we don＇t remember exactly what the products were but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness It＇s good to satisfy your desires You should have what you want You deserve the best So you should buy it — now A famous advertisement said it perfectly I love me I＇m a good friend to myself I do what makes me feel good I derive pleasure from nice things and feel nourished by them I used to put things off Not anymore Today I＇ll buy new ski equipment look at new compact cars and buy that camera I＇ve always wanted I live my dreams today not tomorrow
5 计算普通美国 18 岁时会 60 万广告 40 岁时广告总数 百万 广告努力影响形形色色购买决定——吃早餐麦片 假期条邮轮线路 决会缺少花钱买什东西广告 现 然确切记广告产品重信息已凝聚意识里：满足愿 应该拥想应该应该买——现着名 广告诠释完美：爱朋友做感觉舒服事精美 东西里乐趣感觉滋养常想着等买现会天会购买全新滑雪装备新型巧灵便轿车买台直想相机 天实现梦想会等明天
6 What happens as we take in these contradictory but explicit messages What are the psychological and social consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits On one hand we want more things because we want to satisfy our material appetite Most of us derive pleasure from treating ourselves On the other hand a little voice inside us echoes those upright messages Watch out takestock of your life don＇t let your attention get scattered Postpone your desires Don＇t fall into debt Wait Retain control over your own life It will make you stronger
6 接受相互矛盾明确信息时会什事情发生呢？ 种控制花钱 惯宣传活动会造成什心理社会影响呢？ 方面希买更东西 满足物质欲 中数通善乐趣 时身体里 面微弱声音正直信息鸣：心掂量掂量生活注 意力分散推迟欲陷入债务等保留生活控制权会更坚强
7 Anyway many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances Consider your financial wellbeing as a key ingredient of your university education as money worries are extremely stressful and distracting They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to focus on your prime objective successfully completing your education
7 总成功学生需技应财务中 良财务状况 成学教育中关键素金钱担忧会倍感压力分心 会感觉糟糕阻止专注首目标成功完成学业
8 How can you be a smart and educated consumer Many schools community organizations and even some banks offer financial literacy classes Consider consulting with your school＇s financial aid office or seek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and find pleasure in the administration of your own financial affairs Most importantly if you find yourself getting into financial trouble don＇t let your ego get in your way urgently get help with tackling your problem before it spins out of control and lands you in legal troubles
8 样成聪明相关知识消费者呢？ 许学校社区组织甚银行 提供金融扫盲班考虑学校财务援助办公室咨询父母值尊敬成 年请教建立预算方案 外选择找合作伙伴帮保持良财务 状况理金融事务中找乐趣 重果发现正陷入财务困 境妨碍情况变失控惹法律麻烦前赶紧寻求帮助解决问题
9 All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver As you learn to balance spending and saving you will become the captain of your own shipsteering your life in a successful and productive direction through the choppy waters
9 切帮助成拥相关知识消费者储蓄者 学会衡支出储 蓄会成船长驾驶着生活船风破浪驶成功富
Unit 6 Section A Door closer are you
关门者？
1 The next time you＇re deciding between rival options one which is primary and the other which is secondary ask yourself this question What would Xiang Yu do
1 次两难取舍次选择间做决定时妨问样 问题：项羽会做？
2 Xiang Yu was a Chinese imperial general in the third century BC who took his troops across the Zhang River on a raid into enemy territory To his troops＇ astonishment he ordered their cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned
2 项羽公元前三世纪中国古代王位军带领部队横渡漳河突袭进入 敌方领 令砸锅烧船令部队震惊
3 He explained that he was imposing on them a necessity for attaining victory over their opponents What he said was surely motivating but it wasn＇t really appreciated by many of his loyal soldiers as they watched their vessels go up in flames But the genius of General Xiang Yu＇s conviction would be validated both on the battlefield and in modern social science research General Xiang Yu was a rare exception to the norm a veteran leader who was highly respected for his many conquests and who achieved the summit of success
3 解释道强加战胜手必举措说疑十分鼓舞士气 许忠诚士兵眼睁睁着船火焰中焚毁时赞成做 法 项羽军种砸锅焚船做法显示出天赋战场现代社会科学研究 中肯定 项羽军罕见墨守成规位验丰富领袖 征战数达成功顶峰深受尊敬
4 He is featured in Dan Ariely＇s enlightening new publication Predictably Irrational a fascinating investigation of seemingly irrational human behavior such as the tendency for keeping multiple options open Most people can＇t marshal the will for painful choices not even students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where Dr Ariely teaches behavioral economics In an experiment that investigated decisionmaking hundreds of students couldn＇t bear to let their options vanish even though it was clear they wouldprofit from doing so
4 丹· 阿雷利极富启迪性新书 预见非理性项羽作专题介绍书似 非理性类行譬类总想留住项选择机会倾进行引入胜调查 数整理思路做痛苦选择麻省理工学院阿雷利博士行济学门 课学生例外 调查作决策项实验中百名学生忍受眼睁睁着 选择机会消失清楚样做利
5 The experiment revolved around a game that eliminated the excuses we usually have for refusing to let go In the real world we can always say It＇s good to preserve our options Want a good example A teenager is exhausted from soccer ballet piano and Chinese lessons but her parents won＇t stop any one of them because they might come in handy some day
5 实验围绕着游戏展开游戏排通常肯放手口 现实世界 里总会说：保留选择机会 想例子？ 十岁女 孩足球芭蕾舞钢琴中文课累筋疲力父母会停止项活动 理天会派场
6 In the experiment sessions students played a computer game that provided cash behind three doors appearing on the screen The rule was the more money you earned the better player you were given a total of 100 clicks Every time the students opened a door by clicking on it they would use up one click but wouldn＇t get any money However each subsequent click on that door would earn a fluctuating sum of money with one door always revealing more money than the others The important part of the rule was each door switch though having no cash value would also use up one of the 100 clicks Therefore the winning strategy was to quickly check all the doors and keep clicking on the one with the seemingly highest rewards
6 实验里学生玩电脑游戏 电脑屏幕会显示三扇门扇门会提供 现金 该游戏规点击 100 次点击获取钱越玩越 学生点击次开扇门会掉点击数会钱 然
接着扇门次点击会挣数额等钱三扇门显示钱总扇外两 扇 游戏规重点然次换门没金钱回报会掉次点击数 制胜战略迅速查门然点击扇似钱门
7 While playing the game students noticed a modified visual element Any door left unclicked for a short while would shrink in size and vanish Since they already understood the game they should have ignored the vanishing doors Nevertheless they hurried to click on the lesser doors before they vanished trying to keep them open As a result they wasted so many clicks rushing back to the vanishing doors that they lost money in the end Why were the students so attached to the lesser doors They would probably protest that they were clinging to the doors to keep future options open but according to Dr Ariely that isn＇t the true factor
7 玩游戏时学生注意视觉变化：果片刻没点击某扇门扇门 会慢慢缩消失已解游戏规应消失门予理睬 然 消失前迫点击变门试图开启着 结果 匆忙回点击快消失门时浪费点击数输钱 什学生 变门恋呢？ 会争辩说紧抓住门留机 会阿雷利博士说真正原
8 Instead of the excuse to maintain future options open underneath it all the students＇ desire was to avoid the immediate though temporary pain of watching options close Closing a door on an option is experienced as a loss and people are willing to pay a big price to avoid the emotion of loss Dr Ariely says In the experiment the price was easily measured in lost cash In life the corresponding costs are often less obvious such as wasted time or missed opportunities
8 留机会口背反映出学生堪目睹眼前选择机 会剥夺种痛苦时 阿雷利博士说：闭扇选择门受 次损失宁愿付出代价避免情感失落 实验中损失容易丢失 现金衡量 生活中相应损失没明显浪费时间错机会
9 Sometimes these doors are closing too slowly for us to see them vanishing Dr Ariely writes We may work more hours at our jobs without realizing that the childhood of our sons and daughters is slipping away
9 时候门慢慢关闭没悄然消失阿雷利博士写道： 花时间工作没意识子女童年正悄悄溜走
10 So what can be done to restore balance in our lives One answer Dr Ariely says is to implement more prohibitions on overbooking We can work to reduce options on our own delegating tasks to others and even giving away ideas for others to pursue He points to marriage as an example In marriage we create a situation where we promise ourselves not to keep options open We close doors and announce to others we＇ve closed doors
10 做什生活恢复衡呢？阿雷利博士说办法制止更 超额预约 减少选择务委派甚放弃点子 做 婚姻作例子：婚姻中承诺保留选择机会创造获 佳选择利局面关选择门告诉已作出选择
11 Since conducting the door experiment Dr Ariely says he has made a conscious effort to lessen his load He urges the rest of us to resign from committees prune holiday card lists rethink hobbies and remember the lessons of door closers like Xiang Yu
11 阿雷利博士说进行点击门实验已意识努力减轻负担 敦促辞委员会工作删减送节日贺卡名单重新思考兴趣爱记住项羽 样关门者启示
12 In other words Dr Ariely is encouraging us to discard those things that seem to have outward merit in favor of those things that actually enrich our lives We are naturally prejudiced to believe that more is better but Dr Ariely＇s research provides a dose of reality that strongly suggests otherwise
12 换言鼓励放弃似表面价值东西追求真正丰富 生活东西 然偏执相信选择越越阿雷利博士研究强力 告诉事实非
13 What price do we pay for trying to have more and more in life What pleasure and satisfaction can be derived from focusing our energy and attention in a more concentrated fashion Surely we will have our respective answers
13 想生活中越越选择代价什？更集中精力注意力中 获什样喜悦满足？ 然会答案
14 Consider these important questions Will we have more by always increasing options or will we have more with fewer carefully chosen options What doors should we close in order to allow the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open
14 试想重问题：做会获更断增加选择保持少 数精心挑选选择？ 应关闭什门便机会幸福窗开？
Unit 7 section A Woman at the management level
女性理者
1 When Monica applied for a job as an administrative assistant in 1971 she was asked whether she would rather work for a male or a female attorney I immediately said a man she says I felt that a malebossfemaleemployee relationship was more natural needing no personal accommodation whatsoever But 20 years later when she was asked the same question she said I was pleasantly surprised that female bosses are much more accessible to their employees they＇re much more sensitive and intimate with their employees
1 莫妮卡 1971 年申请行政助理工作时问想男律师事女律师 事 马说想男律师事说 认男老板女雇员关系更然丝毫需 互相调整 20 年问样问题时说： 令感惊喜员工说 女司更容易接更理解员工更亲密
2 Female bosses today are still finding they face subtle resistance There is still a segment of the population both men and surprisingly women who report low tolerance for female bosses The growing presence of female bosses has also provoked two major questions that revolve around styles Do men and women manage differently and if so is that a good thing
2 天女司然发现面着易察觉阻力 部分——男性令 惊讶女性——说难忍受女性工作 女司断涌现引出工作方 式关两问题：男女理风格？果件事？
3 Monica is disposed to think so on both counts Now a 40yearold mother of four she is president of a public sector labor union with 45000 members Relations with my employees are probably different from those of male managers preceding me she says I know what it＇s like to have to call and say my kid got the mumps so I won＇t be coming in I have a more flexible style — not soft just more understanding The man who is Monica＇s assistant agrees She tends to delegate more and is always looking for a consensus People are happy and flourish because they have an input into decisions and they are not mere bystanders their energies are harnessed On the other hand consensus takes longer
3 莫妮卡两问题持肯定意见 莫妮卡现 40 岁四孩子位拥 45000 名成员公部门工会席 员工关系前前男性 说 知道电话说孩子腮腺炎班种什样 状况风格更灵活软弱点理解 莫妮卡男助理表示赞成： 放权更总寻求识家开心成感参决策
单纯旁观者量利然方面通协商达成致意见需 时间长
4 So are the differences symbolic or real Plausible studies suggest that men are typically hierarchical goaloriented and feel entitled Women by contrast manage diplomatically and share power That point of view is often challenged and argued Some proclaim that men and women of similar backgrounds experience and aspirations basically manage in the same way This view is echoed by younger women especially those who have encountered little gender discrimination That was certainly the lesson for Nicole When her father died of a heart attack she was an employee at a petroleum products export company She quit and took over her family＇s 160acre fruit farm in StDavid＇s County On her first day in the field a worker called her darling He was trying to test me I was shaking with anger says Nicole now 34 I stood erect and said You wouldn＇t have called my father darling and you＇re not going to take that liberty with me If you do I＇ll fire you＇
4 种差异象征性实质性呢？ 研究指出男通常等级观念 目标导喜欢权力感觉 相反女灵活变通愿意分享权力 观 点受质疑争 宣称类似背景验抱负男女基理方式 相 年轻女性特少遭受性歧视女性样认 妮尔疑 中教训 父亲心脏病世时家石油产品出口公司雇员 辞 职接家圣卫县 160 英亩果园 第天出现果园时名工称亲 爱 想试探气发抖现年 34 岁妮尔说 挺直腰板站里 说：会称父亲亲爱没权利样称呼果样做会解雇 ’
5 When women work for women a different dynamic often takes over Susan a cashier in a Toronto auction house says that she has explored friendships with some of her female bosses and feels she can rely on them more While women may feel more at ease with a female boss men often have to make concessions to the new working styles Brian a marine biologist says It took me a couple of years before I felt comfortable enough to relax around a female manager In fact my relations with her were much more businesslike
5 女性女司工作时会种工作交流方式 苏珊伦家拍卖 行收银员说女司建立起友谊感更够 然女性 会觉女司相处时更然男性作出改变适应女司新工作方 式 海洋生物学家布赖恩说：花年时间女理事时感轻松事实 前关系更种务实工作关系
6 To some extent the malefemale differences come down to conflicting styles One female vicepresident discussed the time she burst into tears during a meeting Men think that tears are a nuclear weapon in a conventional war They take exception to a woman crying inferring that she＇s feeling unhappy or violated The men failed to understand that what prompted her tears was not hurt but genuine rage When we cry it＇s because we have all this valid rage that has no appropriate release she says Women cry men get relief by going on with the offense or by veiling their feelings to appear composed
6 某种程度说男女间差异根结底工作方式突 位女副总裁谈 次会议忍住落泪历时说：男认女眼泪常规战争中核武器 女哭泣满认感觉愉快受侵犯 男明白促掉泪 受伤害真正愤怒 哭泣切合理愤怒没适 方释放说女通哭释放情绪男通继续犯掩盖情绪显 示镇定释放情绪
7 Deborah president of a firm with its headquarters in Toronto says that even if men do understand they sometimes react differently to the identical information and to her cooperative management style
7 德博拉家总部伦公司总裁表示男明白回事时 样信息合作型理风格会反应
8 Deborah says that her authority is sometimes undermined by perceptions about her gender It stems from the whole social context of traditional roles for men and women she says Mom would tell you to do things but perhaps you wouldn＇t take as much notice as when Dad told you to do things Men also have a stronger urge to control she says
8 德博拉说权威时性观念作祟受损害 源整社会男性女性 传统角色界定说 妈妈会做事情许会爸爸做事情样意 男更强控制欲说
9 For female bosses the great expectation of some female employees is one more obstacle Junior women assume a female boss will promote them more quickly than a man would But they also expect female bosses to be more selfsufficient They ask Why can＇t you scan your own stuff＇ or Why can＇t you do your own filing＇ says one senior female executive
9 女司说女员工高期障碍 职位较低女员工认女司会 男司更迅速提拔 希女司揽更事位资深女 说：会问什扫描文件？’什整理文件？’
10 On the other hand there is no dispute that a few decades ago they would rarely have had a female boss in the workplace Nina a management consultant says she＇s vaguely optimistic I＇m looking forward to the day before I die when we recognize that the best management styles will be composed of the best that both genders bring to the table Well she pauses maybe not before she dies perhaps in her daughter＇s lifetime
10 方面十年前工作方女司点毫争议 理顾问 尼娜说审慎乐观 期某天死前会意识理风格 男女双方带佳组合…… 嗯停顿世前许女 生年会实现吧
Unit 8 Section A Animals or children — A scientist＇s choice
动物孩子？—— 位科学家选择
1 I am the enemy I am one of those cursed cruel physician scientists involved in animal research These rumors sting for I have never thought of myself as an evil person I became a children＇s doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy During medical school and residency I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury — circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go More importantly I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy happy children drew me to medical research
1 敌 诅咒残忍搞动物实验医生科学家 谣言刺痛没想邪恶 成位科医生 爱孩子愿保持健康 医学院学住院医生实时 许童死癌症受伤流血——然医学正取进步远非完善 更重 孩子保持健康益医学进步婴呼吸支持器功效强新 药物外科手术技术整器官移植领域发展 希孩子健康快乐促事 医学研究
2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil They claim that I have no moral compass that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine Meanwhile an uncaring public barely watches convinced that the issue has no significance and publicityconscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists
2 控诉真相歪曲成神话描写成恶魔 声称没道德界限 折磨辜动物唯目职业升迁实验根医药毫相 关 时动衷公众闻问相信议题毫意义具宣传意识 参议员政治家动物权利活动家游说断作出步
3 We in medical research have also been unbelievably uncaring We have allowed the most extreme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of animal fraud and hatred We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal research for public health Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emotional tone of the argument Perhaps we should have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds
3 事医学研究显令难置信冷漠 允许极端动物权利活 动家渐渐侵入类研究诬陷动物欺诈动物仇恨 直坚信 知识公众会赞动物研究公众健康重性 许错误没场争感 性基调作出反应 许早应该挥动着童死癌症外伤样令伤心海报 回应关动物受害伤感标语海报
4 In the animal rights forum much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the name of medical science Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our evil and cruel nature A more reasonable argument however can be advanced in our defense Life is often cruel to animals and human beings Teenagers are flung from trucks and suffer severe head injuries Young children barely able to walk find themselves at the bottom of swimming pools while a parent is occupied with something else From everyday germs to gang violence no life is free of pain Physicians hoping to relieve the eternal suffering of these tragedies have only three choices 1) create an animal model of the problem to understand the process and test new therapies 2) experiment on human beings (some experiments will succeed most will fail) or 3) leave medical knowledge static hoping that accidental discoveries will lead us forward
4 动物权利坛肆宣扬医学名义动物受巨痛苦 动物权利活 动家否认正努力帮助类说邪恶残忍性证然更合 理点进行辩护 生活动物类残酷 青少年甩卡车 外导致头部严重受伤 太会走路孩子溺水沉游泳池底部时家长正忙 事务 常见细菌侵害帮派暴力没谁受伤害 医生希永远 减轻悲剧带身体痛苦三选择：1）动物做实验解整 医疗程测试新疗法2）进行体实验（实验会成功数会失败）3） 医疗知识解处停滞状态希偶然发现会带领前
5 Some animal rights activists would suggest an optional fourth choice claiming that computer models can create animal experiments thus omitting actual experiments Computers can imitate the effects of wellunderstood principles on complex systems as in the application of the laws of physics to airplane and automobile design However when the principles themselves are in question as is the case with the complex biological systems of human life under study computer modeling alone is of little value
5 动物权利活动家会提出第四选项声称计算机模拟动物实验样 省真实实验程 计算机模拟熟知原理复杂系统中应效果 物理规律飞机汽车设计中应样 然原理身问题时正处 研究阶段复杂生物系统情况样仅计算机模拟成效甚微
6 One of the terrifying effects of arresting the use of animals in medical research is that the impact will not be felt for years or even decades Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered surgical and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped and fundamental biological processes that might have been understood will remain mysteries There is the danger that quick decisions by wellmeaning politicians will create resolution to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud protestors while the consequences and damaging impact of those decisions will not be apparent until long after
6 阻止动物进行医学研究怕果影响年甚十年 知晓：治愈感染新药物法发现外科手术诊断技术发展 发掘基生物学进程未解谜 危险善意政治家匆忙作出决定出 解决方案策略性满足部分声疾呼示威者决定果造成破 坏性影响久会显现
7 Fortunately most of us enjoy good health and the agony of watching one＇s child die has become a rare experience Yet our good fortune should not make us unappreciative Protection from serious sickness and drugs to combat heart disease high blood pressure and stroke are all based on animal research Most complex surgical procedures such as heart or hip surgery and organ transplantation surgeries were initially developed in animals Techniques to replace defective genes the cause of so much disease as well as the development of synthetic organs are presently undergoing animal studies These studies and any subsequent advances will effectively end if animal research is severely restricted
7 幸运数享健康体魄眼睁睁着孩子死亡苦已见 然 够享受健康享受医学进步带健康应该心存感激 严重疾病 预防心脏病高血压中风药物基动物研究 复杂外科手术 心脏髋关节手术器官移植手术初动物实验中进行 取代导致众疾病 缺陷基技术造器官发展目前正处动物实验研究阶段 果动物研究严 格受限研究进展彻底宣告结束
8 In America today death has become an event isolated from our daily existence As a doctor who has watched many children die and seen their parents＇ infinite grief I am particularly angered by any minute expression of caring for the suffering of creatures and so little for sick and dying human beings People are too protected from the reality of human life and death and what it means
8 天美国死亡已成日常生活中孤立少见事 作见许童 死亡父母悲痛极医生感特愤怒动物痛苦表达入微 生病生命垂危冷漠情 受太保护 感觉现实世界 里生死感觉代表真实意义
9 Make no mistake however I would never advocate needless cruel treatment of animals The animal rights movement has made a contribution in making us more aware of animals＇ needs and the need to search harder for suitable alternatives But if the more radical members of this movement are successful in threatening further research their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost many lives Hence the real question is whether an uncaring majority can be aroused to protect its future against a loud but misdirected minority
9 搞错提倡动物实行必残忍 动物权利运动更加意识 动物应权利努力寻找合适代品需 果更动物权利运动 激进分子成功阻止进步研究努力会造成许生命代价悲 剧 真正问题否唤起数漠关心民众保护动物实验 反嗓门挺误导部分
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