6. 段落信息匹配题第二:关键词定位(key words positioning)和同义替换(paraphrasing)
其实阅读只考两件事,一件事情是简单的:看到什么,定位什么,选择什么;而另外一个则是通过定位确定这个位置,然后再进行一个切换之后发现原来这个东西就是另外一个东西。
7. 关键词的选择原则
题干中承载主要信息的名词,形容词等,是关键词的首选。其次,还有一些有明显特征的词,容易定位,也是作为关键词的好选择。
1. 专有名词 (人名、地名、组织机构名词、书名等)
eg:第一套 段落匹配
48. Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.
原文:A段: Even as a satire, it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture.段落信息匹配题
8. 段落信息匹配题2.数字(包括年代,百分数等)
印刷当中数字多印刷为阿拉伯数字,较有辨识度,即使是英文形式,也相对更容易定位
Eg: 第二套 段落匹配题
50. In the mid-20th century, most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.
原文: G段 Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtually every night.关键词的选择原则
9. 段落信息匹配题关键词的选择原则3.一些拼写较长的词,这些词一般属于低频词汇,在文章中频繁出现的几率不大,且占据的印刷空间较大,一般比较容易定位。
Eg: 第二套 段落匹配
52. Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.
原文 J 段 :…by not cooking at home, we’re not eating the right things, and the consequences are hard to overstate.
10. 段落信息匹配题4. 以连字符连接的特殊词汇。如引号,或用连字符将两到三个单词连接起来,构成新的组合词,这些词汇特征明显,并且一般也是低频词汇,较易查找。
Eg: 第一套 段落匹配
54. In the so-called “effective” schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.
原文: I have visited some of the newer supposedly “effective” schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control.
11. 5.研究、报告、书籍型词汇,以及专家、记者等职业型词汇. (eg: study, report, book,expert,reporter, scholars, commenter)一般来说研究报告及专业人士的看法意见等包含的信息都是易考点,这些信息容易出现在特定的段落中,所以这些词作为关键词也很容易定位。
Eg:第一套 段落匹配
53. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.
原文 I 段 …by administrators, treat pleasure and joy as ...it hinders hard work...段落信息匹配题
12. 段落信息匹配题6. 带比较级、最高级的词汇相对也比较容易寻找,能够帮助我们定位。
Eg: 第一套 段落匹配
51. Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.
原文 H 段 The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieve any educational success.
13. 段落信息匹配题注意: 关键词定位时,还需要注意词汇的同义替换,题干中所用的词汇不太可能和原文中一模一样,时常会用同义词来代替它,这就要求我们在定位关键词之余,也能够快速识辨关键词的同义词、近义词。如grown-ups= adults; teachers = educators; importance=significance
如前面讲到数字题时举的例子:
第二套 段落匹配题
50. In the mid-20th century, most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.
原文: G段 Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtually every night.
mid-20s 和 1950s 就是典型的同义替换