王长喜六级考试标准阅读160篇
第篇 (Unit one Passage 1)
I live in the land of Disney Hollywood and yearround sun You may think people in such a glamorous funfilled place are happier than others If so you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common Fun is what we experience during an act Happiness is what we experience after an act It is a deeper more abiding emotion
Going to an amusement park or ball game watching a movie or television are fun activities that help us relax temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh But they do not bring happiness because their positive effects end when the fun ends
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun These rich beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties fancy cars expensive homes everything that spells happiness But in memoir after memoir celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun depression alcoholism drug addiction broken marriages troubled children and profound loneliness
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying If he’s honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment For commitment is in fact quite painful The single life is filled with fun adventure and excitement Marriage has such moments but they are not its most distinguishing features
Similarly couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness They can dine out ever they want and sleep as late as they want Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a threeday vacation I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to It liberates time now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness It liberates money buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless And it liberates us from envy we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all
1Which of the following is true
AFun creates longlasting satisfaction
BFun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness
CHappiness is enduring whereas fun is shortlived
DFun that is longstanding may lead to happiness
2To the author Hollywood stars all have an important role to play that is to __
Arite memoir after memoir about their happiness
Btell the public that happiness has nothing to do with fun
Cteach people how to enjoy their lives
Dbring happiness to the public instead of going to glamorous parties
3In the author’s opinion marriage___
Aaffords greater fun
Bleads to raising children
Cindicates commitment
Dends in pain
4Couples having infant children___
Aare lucky since they can have a whole night’s sleep
Bfind fun in tucking them into bed at night
Cfind more time to play and joke with them
Dderive happiness from their endeavor
5If one get the meaning of the true sense of happiness he will__
Astop playing games and joking with others
Bmake the best use of his time increasing happiness
Cgive a free hand to money
Dkeep himself with his family
第篇答案:CBCDB
第二篇(Unit one Passage 2)
Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children These roles were firmly fixed for most people and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles But by the middle of this century men’s and women’s roles were becoming less firmly fixed
In the 1950s economic and social success was the goal of the typical American But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture The people involved in this movement did not value the middleclass American goals The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices Taking more interest in childcare men began to share childraising tasks with their wives In fact some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes In addition many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam
In terms of numbers the counterculture was not a very large group of people But its influence spread to many parts of American society Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on overtime work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families Some doctors lawyers and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods
In the 1970s the feminist movement or women’s liberation produced additional economic and social changes Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers Most of them still took traditional women’s jobs as public school teaching nursing and secretarial work But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations police work banking dentistry and construction work Women were asking for equal work and equal opportunities for promotion
Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women Naturally there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations
1Which of the following best express the main idea of Paragraph 1
AWomen usually worked outside the home for wages
BMen and women’s roles were easily exchanged in the past
CMen’s roles at home were more firmly fixed than women’s
DMen and women’s roles were usually quite separated in the past
2Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2
AThe first sentence
BThe second and the third sentences
CThe fourth sentence
DThe last sentence
3In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture___
Adestroyed the United States
Btransformed some American values
Cwas not important in the United States
Dbrought people more leisure time with their families
4It could be inferred from the passage that___
Amen and women will never share the same goals
Bsome men will be willing to exchange their traditional male roles
Cmost men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wives
Dmore American households are headed by women than ever before
5The best title for the passage may be ___
AResults of Feminist Movements
BNew influence in American Life
CCounterculture and Its consequence
DTraditional Division of Male and Female Roles
第二篇答案 DCBCB
第三篇(Unit one Passage 3)
Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on people’s physical or psychological health What are positive ions Well the air is full of ions electrically charged particles and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found This happens naturally before thunderstorm earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries Or it can be caused by a buildup of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of manmade fibres or from TV sets duplicators or computer display screens
When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches fatigue irritability and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance Animals are also affected particularly before earthquakes snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation rats to flee from their burrows dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California
Conversely when large numbers of negative ions are present then people have a feeling of wellbeing Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea close to waterfalls or fountains or in any place where water is sprayed or forms a spray This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls
To increase the supply of negative ions indoors some scientists recommend the use of ionisers small portable machines which generate negative ions They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions Of course there are the detractors other scientists who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negativepositive ion research Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves or on others of a negative rich or poor environment After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat
1What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people
AThey think they are insane
BThey feel rather badtempered and shortfussed
CThey become violently sick
DThey are too tired to do anything
2In accordance with the passage static electricity can be caused by___
Ausing homemade electrical goods
Bwearing clothes made of natural materials
Cwalking on artificial floor coverings
Dcopying TV programs on a computer
3A high negative ion count is likely to be found___
Anear a pound with a water pump
Bclose to a slowflowing river
Chigh in some barren mountains
Dby a rotating water sprinkler
4What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors
AIonisers
BAirconditioners
CExhaustfans
DVacuum pumps
5Some scientists believe that___
Awatching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismography
Bthe unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted
Cneither watching nor using seismographs is reliable
Dearthquake
第三篇答案BCDAA
第四篇(Unit one Passage 4)
A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes Most typical history courses concentrate on politics economics and war But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people but also religious beliefs emotions and psychology In addition information about the daily activities of our ancestors—or of people very different from our own—can be provided by art In short art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place and a study of it clearly offer us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books
In history books objective information about the political life of a country is presented that is facts about politics are given but opinions are not expressed Art on the other hand is subjective it reflects emotions and opinions The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly political artist In his wellknown painting The Third of May 1808 he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people Over a hundred years later symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war Meanwhile on another continent the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera Jose Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros—as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martines—depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems
In the same way art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs For hundreds of years in Europe religious art was almost the only type of art that existed Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible Although most people couldn’t read they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls By contrast one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy
1More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because art history__
Ashow us the religious and emotions of a people in addition to political values
Bprovide us with information about the daily activities of people in the past
Cgive us an insight into the essential qualities of a time and a place
Dall of the above
2Art is subjective in that__
Aa personal and emotional view of history is presented through it
Bit can easily rouse our anger or sadness about social problems
Cit will find a ready echo in our hearts
Dboth B and C
3Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
AUnlike Francisco Goya Pablo and several Mexican artists expressed their political opinions in their paintings
BHistory books often reveal the compilers’ political views
CReligious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of art because most people regarded the Bible as the Holy Book
DAll the above mentioned
4The passage is mainly discussing__
Athe difference between general history and art history
BThe making of art history
CWhat can we learn from art
DThe influence of artists on art history
5In may be concluded from this passage that__
AIslamic artists have had to create architectural decorations with images of flowers or geometric forms
BHistory teachers are more objective than general history
CIt is more difficult to study art history than general history
DPeople and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other buildings in order to popularize the Bible
第四篇答案:DDDCA
第五篇 (Unit 2 Passage 1)
If the old maxim that the customer is always right still has meaning then the airlines that ply the world’s busiest air route between London and Paris have a flight on their hands
The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the Channel Tunnel is winning customers in increasing numbers In late May it carried its one millionth passenger having run only a limited service between London Paris and Brussels since November 1994 starting with two trains a day in each direction to Paris and Brussels By 1997 the company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year and continue to grow from there
From July Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between London and Paris and five between London and Brussels Each train carries almost 800 passengers 210 of them in first class
The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 1520 of their LondonParis traffic to the railways once Eurostar starts a full service later this year (1995) with 15 trains a day each way A similar service will start to Brussels The damage will be limited however the airlines believe with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years
In the short term the damage caused by the 1 million peoplelevels traveling between London and Paris and Brussels on Eurostar trains means that some air services are already suffering Some of the major carriers say that their passenger numbers are down by less than 5 and point to their rivalsParticularly Air Franceas having suffered the problems On the Brussels route the railway company had less success and the airlines report anything from around a 5 drop to no visible decline in traffic
The airlines’ optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent British Midland for example points to its experience on Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers fold by 15 when British Rail electrified and modernized the railway line between London and Yorkshire Two years later travel had risen between the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying record numbers of passengers
1British airlines confide in the fact that__
Athey are more powerful than other European airlines
Btheir total loss won’t go beyond a drop of 5 passengers
Ctheir traffic levels will return in 23 years
Dtraveling by rail can never catch up with traveling by air
2The author’s attitude towards the drop of passengers may be described as__
Aworried
Bdelighted
Cpuzzled
Dunrivaled
3In the passage British Rail (Para 6) is mentioned to__
Aprovide a comparison with Eurostar
Bsupport the airlines’ optimism
Cprove the inevitable drop of air passengers
Dcall for electrification and modernization of the railway
4The railway’s Brussels route is brought forth to show that__
Athe Eurostar train service is not doing good business
Bthe airlines can well compete with the railway
Cthe Eurostar train service only caused little damage
Donly some airlines such as Air France are suffering
5The passage is taken from the first of an essay from which we may well predict that in the following part the author is going to__
Apraise the airlines’ clearmindedness
Bwarn the airlines of highspeed rail services
Cpropose a reduction of LondonParis flights
Dadvise the airlines to follow British Midland as their model
第五篇答案:CABCB
第六篇(Unit 2 Passage 2)
Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired without others we would soon die Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify moods and actions our inclination to eat or drink our aggressiveness or submissiveness and our reproductive and parental behavior And hormones do more than influence adult behavior early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individual’s behavioral capacities Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the body’s changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging
Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice which aids in digestion By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues Bayliss and starling demonstrated that chemical integration could occur without participation of the nervous system
The term hormone was first used with reference to secretion Starling derived the term from the Greek hormone meaning to excite or set in motion The term endocrine was introduced shortly thereafter Endocrine is used to refer to glands that secret products into the bloodstream The term endocrine contrasts with exocrine which is applied to glands that secret their products though ducts to the site of action Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands the sweat glands and the pancreas which secrets pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine Exocrine glands are also called duct glands while endocrine glands are called ductless
1What is the author’s main purpose in the passage
ATo explain the specific functions of various hormones
BTo provide general information about hormones
CTo explain how the term hormone evolved
DTo report on experiments in endocrinology
2The passage supports which of the following conclusions
AThe human body requires large amounts of most hormones
BSynthetic hormones can replace a person’s natural supply of hormones if necessary
CThe quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related to a person’s age
DThe short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency early in life
3It can be inferred from the passage that before the Bayliss and Starling experiments most people believed that chemical integration occurred only___
Aduring sleep
Bin the endocrine glands
Cunder control of the nervous system
Dduring strenuous exercise
4The word liberate could best be replaced by which of the following
AEmancipate
BDischarge
CSurrender
DSave
5According to the passage another term for exocrine glands is___
Aduct glands
Bendocrine glands
Cductless glands
Dintestinal glands
第六篇答案:BDCBA
第七篇(Unit 2 Passage 3)
The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures but created what might be called the heroic age of Antarctic exploration By their tremendous heroism men such as Shakleton Scott and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows and yet that heroic age little more than a century old is already passing Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable
Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted and the maping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work Once their labors are completed it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known and almost inexhaustible sources of copper coal uranium and many other ores will become available to man Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes
The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light and make possible the establishing of airfields for the future intercontinental air services by making these areas as light as day Present flying routes will be completely changed for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5000 miles journey
The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably so that provided that the appropriate installations are made we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent and rendered it absolutely germfree with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world
Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent and what so few years ago was regarded as a dead continent now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor
1When did man begin to explore the Antarctic
AAbout 100years ago
BIn this century
CAt the beginning of the 19th century
DIn 1798
2What must the explorers be even though they have modern equipment and techniques
ABrave and tough
BStubborn and arrogant
CWellliked and humorous
DStout and smart
3The most healthy climate in the world is___
Ain South America
Bin the Arctic Region
Cin the Antarctic Continent
Din the Atlantic Ocean
4What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic
AMagnetite coal and ores
BCopper coal and uranium
CSilver natural gas and uranium
DAluminum copper and natural gas
5What is planned for the continent
ABuilding dams along the coasts
BSetting up several summer resorts along the coasts
CMapping the coast and whole territory
DSetting up permanent bases on the coasts
第六篇答案:BDCBA
第七篇(Unit 2 Passage 3)
The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures but created what might be called the heroic age of Antarctic exploration By their tremendous heroism men such as Shakleton Scott and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows and yet that heroic age little more than a century old is already passing Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable
Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted and the maping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work Once their labors are completed it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known and almost inexhaustible sources of copper coal uranium and many other ores will become available to man Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes
The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light and make possible the establishing of airfields for the future intercontinental air services by making these areas as light as day Present flying routes will be completely changed for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5000 miles journey
The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably so that provided that the appropriate installations are made we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent and rendered it absolutely germfree with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world
Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent and what so few years ago was regarded as a dead continent now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor
1When did man begin to explore the Antarctic
AAbout 100years ago
BIn this century
CAt the beginning of the 19th century
DIn 1798
2What must the explorers be even though they have modern equipment and techniques
ABrave and tough
BStubborn and arrogant
CWellliked and humorous
DStout and smart
3The most healthy climate in the world is___
Ain South America
Bin the Arctic Region
Cin the Antarctic Continent
Din the Atlantic Ocean
4What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic
AMagnetite coal and ores
BCopper coal and uranium
CSilver natural gas and uranium
DAluminum copper and natural gas
5What is planned for the continent
ABuilding dams along the coasts
BSetting up several summer resorts along the coasts
CMapping the coast and whole territory
DSetting up permanent bases on the coasts
第七篇答案:AACBD
第八篇(Unit 2 passage4)
At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible However chances are that you don’t act on your impulse but let it pass instead You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior
Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time Topics such as death for example were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and as a result are more willing to talk about this taboo subject
One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat Unlike many other taboos fat is topic that Americans talk about constantly It’s not taboo to talk about fat it’s taboo to be fat The in look is thin not fat In the work world most companies prefer youthfullooking trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public The thin look is associated with youth vigor and success The fat person on the other hand is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy selfdiscipline and selfrespect In an imageconscious society like the US thin is in fat is out
It’s not surprising then that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and in shape The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not however the sole reason for America’s fascination with diet and exercise Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health As in most technologically developed nations the lifestyle of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point As a result of inactivity and disuse people’s bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease In an effort to avoid such a fate millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising
1From the passage we can infer taboo is__
Aa strong desire to do something strange or terrible
Ba crime committed on impulse
Cbehavior considered unacceptable in society’s eyes
Dan unfavorable impression left on other people
2Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude being fat __ in American society
Awill always remain a taboo
Bis not considered a taboo by most people
Chas long been a taboo
Dmay no longer be a taboo some day
3The topic of fat is __ many other taboo subjects
Athe same as
Bdifferent from
Cmore popular than
Dless often talked about than
4In the US thin is in fat is out this means__
Athin is inside fat is outside
Bthin is diligent fat is lazy
Cthin is youthful fat is spiritless
Dthin is fashionable fat is unfashionable
5Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and exercise the main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is__
Atheir changed lifestyle
Btheir eagerness to stay thin and youthful
Ctheir appreciation of the importance of exercise
Dthe encouragement they have received from their companies
第八篇答案:CDBDB
第九篇(Unit 3 passage1)
Computers monitor everything in Singapore from soil composition to location of manholes At the airport it took just 15 seconds for the computerized immigration system to scan and approve my passport It takes only one minute to be checked into a public hospital
By 1998 almost every household will be wired for interactive cable TV and the Internet the global computer network Shoppers will be able to view and pay for products electronically A 24hour community telecomputing network will allow users to communicate with elected representatives and retrieve information about government services It is all part of the government’s plan to transform the nation into what it calls the Intelligent Island
In so many ways Singapore has elevated the concept of efficiency to a kind of national ideology For the past ten years Singapore’s work force was rated the best in the worldahead of Japan and the USin terms of productivity skill and attitude by the Business Environment Risk Intelligence service
Behind the Singapore miracle is a man Richard Nixon described as one of the ablest leaders I have met one who in other times and other places might have attained the world stature of a Churchill Lee Kuan Yew led Singapore’s struggle for independence in the 1950s serving as Prime Minister from 1959 until 1990 Today (1995) at 71 he has nominally retired to the office of Senior Minister where he continues to influence his country’s future Lee offered companies tax breaks political stability cheap labor and strikefree environment
Nearly 90 percent of Singaporean adults now own their own homes and thanks to strict adherence to the principle of merit personal opportunities abound If you’ve got talent and work hard you can be anything here says a Malaysianborn woman who holds a highlevel civilservice position
Lee likes to boast that Singapore has avoided the moral breakdown of Western countries He attributes his nation’s success to strong family ties a reliance on education as the engine of advancement and social philosophy that he claims is superior to America’s
In an interview with Reader’s Digest he said that the United States has lost its bearings by emphasizing individual rights at the expense of society An ethical society he said is one which matches human rights with responsibilities
1What characterizes Singapore’s advancement is its___
Acomputer monitoring
Bwork efficiency
Chigh productivity
Dvalue on ethics
2From Nixon’s perspective Lee is___
Aalmost as great as Churchill
Bnot as great as Churchill
Conly second to Churchill in being a leader
Djust as great as Churchill
3In the last paragraph lost its bearings may mean___
Abecome impatient
Bfailed to find the right position
Clost its foundation
Dgrown bandmannered
4You can be anything here(Paragraph 5) may be paraphrased as___
AYou can hope for a very bright prospect
BYou may be able to do anything needed
CYou can choose any job as you like
DYou will become an outstanding worker
5In Singapore the concept of efficiency___
Ahas been emphasized throughout the country
Bhas become an essential quality for citizens to aim at
Cis brought forward by the government in order to compete with America
Dis known as the basis for building the Intelligent Island
第九篇答案:DDBAB
第十篇(Unit 3 passage2)
Chinese Americans today have higher incomes than Americans in general and higher occupational status The Chinese have risen to this position despite some of the harshest discrimination and violence faced by any immigrants to the United States in the history of this country Long confined to a narrow range of occupations they succeeded in those occupations and then spread out into other areas in later years when opportunities finally opened up for them Today much of the Chinese prosperity is due to the simple fact that they work more and have more (usually better) education than others Almost one out of five Chinese families has three or more income earners compared to one out of thirteen for Puerto Ricans one out of ten among American Indians and one out of eight among Whites When the Chinese advantages in working and educational are held constant they have no advantage over other Americans That is in a Chinese Family with a given number of people working and with a given amount of education by the head of the family the income is not only about average for such families and offer a little less than average
While Chinese Americans as a group are prosperous and welleducated Chinatowns are pockets of poverty and illiteracy is much higher among the Chinese than among Americans in general Those paradoxes are due to sharp internal differences Descendants of the Chinese Americans who emigrated long ago from Toishan Province have maintained Chinese values and have added acculturation to American society with remarkable success More recent Hong Kong Chinese are from more diverse cultural origins and acquired western values and styles in Hong Kong without having acquired the skills to proper and support those aspirations in the American economy Foreignborn Chinese men in the United States are onefourth lower incomes than nativeborn Chinese even though the foreignborn have been in the United States an average of seventeen years While the older Hong Kong Chinese work tenaciously to sustain and advance themselves the Hong Kong Chinese youths often react with resentment and antisocial behavior including terrorism and murder The need to maintain tourism in Chinatown causes the Chinese leaders to mute or downplay these problems as much as possible
1According to the passage today Chinese Americans owe their prosperity to___
Atheir diligence and better education than others
Btheir support of American government
Ctheir fight against discriminations
Dadvantages in working only
2The passage is mainly concerned with___
Achinese Americans today
Bsocial status of Chinese Americans today
Cincomes and occupational status of Chinese Americans today
Dproblems of Chinese Americans today
3Chinatowns are pockets of poverty as is probably associated with___
Amost descendants of Chinese Americans are rebelling
Bmost descendants of Chinese Americans are illiterate
Csharp internal difference between Chinese coming from different cultural backgrounds
Donly a few Chinese Americans are rich
4Which of the following statements is not true according to this article
AAs part of the minority Chinese Americans are still experiencing discrimination in American today
BNowadays Chinese Americans are working in wider fields
CForeignborn Chinese earn lower income than nativeborn Chinese Americans with the similar advantages in the US
DNone of the above
5According to the author which of the following can best describe the older Hong Kong Chinese and the younger
ATenacious rebellion
BConservative openminded
COutofdate fashionable
DObedient disobedient
第10篇答案:ACCCA
第11篇(Unit 3 Passage 3)
Let children learn to judge their own work A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time if corrected too much he will stop talking He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the languages he uses and the language those around him use Bit by bit he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people In the same way when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taughtto walk run climb whistle ride a bicyclecompare those performances with those of more skilled people and slowly make the needed changes But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself let alone correct them We do it all for him We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him or correct it unless he was made to Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher Let him do it himself Let him work out with the help of other children if he wants it what this word says what answer is to that problem whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not
If it is a matter of right answers as it may be in mathematics or science give him the answer book Let him correct his own papers Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer Let’s end this nonsense of grades exams marks Let us throw them all out and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn how to measure their own understanding how to know what they know or do not know
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems sensible to them With our help as school teachers if they ask for it The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours Anxious parents and teachers say But suppose they fail to learn something essential they will need to get in the world Don’t worry If it is essential they will go out into the world and learn it
1What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things
Aby copying what other people do
Bby making mistakes and having them corrected
Cby listening to explanations from skilled people
Dby asking a great many questions
2What does the author think teachers do which they should not do
AThey give children correct answers
BThey point out children’s mistakes to them
CThey allow children to mark their own work
DThey encourage children to mark to copy from one another
3The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are___
Anot really important skills
Bmore important than other skills
Cbasically different from learning adult skills
Dbasically the same as learning other skills
4Exams grades and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by___
Aeducated persons
Bthe children themselves
Cteachers
Dparents
5The author fears that children will grow up into adults while being___
Atoo independent of others
Btoo critical of themselves
Cincapable to think for themselves
Dincapable to use basic skills
第11篇答案:ABDBC
第12篇(Unit 3 Passage 4)
We can begin our discussion of population as global issue with what most persons mean when they discuss the population problem too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year The facts are not in dispute It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to a long thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes
To understand the current situation which is characterized by rapid increases in population it is necessary to understand the history of population trends Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon Looking back at the 8000 years of demographic history we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history For most of our ancestors life was hard often nasty and very short There was high fertility in most places but this was usually balanced by high mortality For most of human history it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods Often societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates Thus the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race
This pattern is important to notice Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality
Demographic history can be divided into two major periods a time of long slow growth which extended from about 8000 BCtill approximately AD 1650 In the first period of some 9600 years the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650 Between 1650 and the present the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 62 billion people throughout the world One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable Between 8000BC and 1650 an average of only 50000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year At present this number is added every six hours The increase is about 80000000 persons annually
1Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuse analogy
AA virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population
BA slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid dramatic increase
CToo many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year
DA long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality
2During the first period of demographic history societies were often in danger of extinction because___
Aonly one in ten persons could live past 40
Bthere was higher mortality than fertility in most places
Cit was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions
Dour ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children
3Which statement is true about population increase
AThere might be an increase of 22 billion persons from now to the year 2000
BAbout 50000 babies are born every six hours at present
CBetween 8000 BC and the present the population increase is about 80000000 persons each year
DThe population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present
4The author of the passage intends to___
Awarn people against the population explosion in the near future
Bcompare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650
Cfind out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years
Dpresent us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth
5The word demographic in the first paragraph means___
Astatistics of human
Bsurroundings study
Caccumulation of human
Ddevelopment of human
第12篇答案:ABADA
第13篇(Unit4 Passage1)
Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words Words do provide us with some information but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words We don’t always say what we mean or mean what we say Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except I’m letting off some steam I don’t really want you to pay close attention to what I’m saying Just pay attention to what I’m feeling Mostly we mean several things at once A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner This step has to be fixed before I’ll buy The owner says It’s been like that for years Actually the step hasn’t been like that for years but the unspoken message is I don’t want to fix it We put up with it Why can’t you The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it when it occurred the related conditions or situation and how it was said
When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior A friend’s unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic For example a person who says No to a serials of charges like You’re dumb You’re lazy and You’re dishonest may also say No and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is And you’re good looking
We would do well to listen for how messages are presented The words If sure has been nice to have you over can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically The phrase can be said once or repeated several times And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes
1Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners if ___
Athey use proper words to carry their ideas
Bthey both speak truly of their own feelings
Cthey try to understand each other’s ideas beyond words
Dthey are capable of associating meaning with their words
2I’m letting off some steam in paragraph 1 means___
AI’m just calling your attention
BI’m just kidding
CI’m just saying the opposite
DI’m just giving off some sound
3The houseowner’s example shows that he actually means___
Athe step has been like that for years
Bhe doesn’t think it necessary to fix the step
Cthe condition of the step is only a minor fault
Dthe cost involved in the fixing should be shared
4Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical but are justifiable if___
Alinked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness
Bseen as one’s habitual pattern of behavior
Ctaken as part of an ordering sequence
Dexpressed to a series of charges
5The word ritualistically in the last paragraph equals something done___
Awithout true intention
Blightheartedly
Cin a way of ceremony
Dwith less emphasis
第13篇答案:DBABC
第14篇(Unit FourPassage 2)
Which is saferstaying at home traveling to work on public transport or working in the office Surprisingly each of these carries the same risk which is very low However what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry Unfortunately the former is 65 times riskier than the latter In fact the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity and almost as safe as staying at home
The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy Fortunately they are extremely rare The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947)Flixborough (1974) Seveso (1976) Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984)
Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small No one died at Seveso and only 28 workers at Flixborough The worst accident of all was Bhopal where up to 3000 were killed The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552 The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal
Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate(硝酸铵)which is safe unless stored in great quantity The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep When the poisonous gas drifted over the town local leaders were incapable of taking effective action The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb The fire set off a chain reaction os exploding
storage tanks Yet by a miracle the two largest tanks did not explode Had these caught fire then 3000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died
1Which of the following statements is true
AWorking at the office is safer than staying at home
BTraverlling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office
CStaying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry
DWorking in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air
2Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because ____
Athey are very rare
Bthey often cause loss of life
Cthey always occur in big cities
Dthey arouse the interest of all the readers
3According to passage the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at ____
ATexas city BFlixborough CSeveso DMexico City
4From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of ____
Anatural gas which can easily catch fire
Bfertilizer which can't be stored in a great quantity
Cpoisonous substance which can't be used in overcrowded areas
Dfuel which is stored in large tanks
5From the discussion among some experts we may coclude that ____
Ato avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industry
Bthe local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industry
Call these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measure had been taken
Dnatural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe
第十四篇答案:DBABC
第十五篇(Unit 4Passage 3)
What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry art or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child There is no connection between their nervous systems Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry her blood Any chemical change in the mother’s blood will affect the child for better or worse But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child
In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics It may be however that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics they will probably make a success of that study
As for musical ability it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute and particularly vigorous emotions If these factors are all organized around music the child may become a musician The same factors in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited then nor even the love of it but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up
1 Which of the following statements is not true
A Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects during their pregnancy
B It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development
C The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly
D There are no connection between mother’s nervous systems and her unborn child’s
2 A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that ____
A she is emotionally shocked
B she has a good knowledge of inheritance
C she takes part in all kind of activities
D she sticks to studying
3 According to the passage a child may inherit____
A everything from his mother
B a knowledge of mathematics
C a rather general ability that we call intelligence
D her mother’s musical ability
4 If a child inherits something from his mother such as an especially sensitive ear a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs he will ____
A surely become musician
B mostly become a poet
C possibly become a teacher
D become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized around music
5 Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A Role of Inheritance B An Unborn Child
C Function of instincts D Inherited Talents
第15篇答案:BACDA
第16篇
The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation All high school graduates ought to go says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence because college will help them earn more money become better people and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go
But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous and more obvious College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school Other find no stimulation in their studies and drop out—often encouraged by college administrators
Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves—they are spoiled and they are expecting too much But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness Others blame the state of the world and they are partly right We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteenyearolds But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twentytwoyearolds either
Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best the proper the only place for every young person after the completion of high school We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down it seems and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent ambitious happy liberal or quick to learn things—may it is just the other way around and intelligent ambitious happy liberal quicklearning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good more has to be much better But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up
1According to the author ___
Apeople used to question the value of college education
Bpeople used to have full confidence in higher education
Call high school graduates went to college
Dvery few high school graduates chose to go to college
2In the 2nd paragraph those who don’t fit the pattern refer to___
Ahigh school graduates who aren’t suitable for college education
Bcollege graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis
Ccollege students who aren’t any better for their higher education
Dhigh school graduates who failed to be admitted to college
3The dropout rate of college students seems to go up because___
Ayoung people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at college
Bmany people are required to join the army
Cyoung people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education
Dyoung people don’t like the intense competition for admission to graduate school
4According to the passage the problems of college education partly originate in the fact that___
Asociety cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained graduates
BHigh school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education
CToo many students have to earn their own living
DCollege administrators encourage students to drop out
5In this passage the author argues that___
Amore and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates
BCollege education is not enough if one wants to be successful
CCollege education benefits only the intelligent ambitious and quicklearning people
DIntelligent people may learn quicker if they don’t go to college
第十六篇答案:BCCAA
第十七篇:(Unit 5Passage 1)
A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA the molecule of which genes are made DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is However it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses
DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to trove guilt not just establish innocence When used in criminal investigations a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect
The controversy in 1998 stemmed form a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge Mass and Daniel L Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone In particular they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods are adequate
In response to their criticisms population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth KKidd of Yale University in New Haven Conn argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate In January 1998 however the federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples form various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions And in April a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories
1Before DNA fingerprinting is used suspects____
Awould have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations
Bwould have to submit evidence for their innocence
Ccould easily escape conviction of guilt
Dcold be convicted of guilt as well
2DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when ____
Athe methods used for blood cell calculation are not accurate
Btwo different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pattern
Ca match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individuals
Dtwo different individuals leave two DNA samples
3To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl the current method ____
Ais not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individuals
Bis arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern
CIs not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics
DIs theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying
4The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that ____
Aenough data are yet to be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual members
Benough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples form the same person can match
Cenough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming form the same person
Dadditional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person
5National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that ____
ADNA testing should be systematized
BOnly authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing
CThe academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing
DThe academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing
第十七篇答案:CBABB
第十八篇:(Unit 5Passage 2)
Racket din clamor noise whatever you want to call it unwanted sound is America’s most widespread nuisance But noise is more than just a nuisance It constitutes a real and present danger to people’s health Day and night at home at work and at play noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress No one is immune to this stress Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it the ear in fact never closes and the body still responds—sometimes with extreme tension as to a strange sound in the night
The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside us Indeed because irritability is so apparent legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many noise abatement programs The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention Nevertheless when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other thing may be happening to us some of which may be damaging to our health
Of many health hazards to noise hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals The other hazards are harder to pin down For many of us there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases Noise that causes annoyance and irritability in health persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind or body
Noise affects us throughout our lives For example there are indications of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise During infancy and childhood youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest
Why then is there not greater alarm about these dangers Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard
1In Paragraph 1 the phrase immune to are used to mean ___
Aunaffected by
Bhurt by
Cunlikely to be seen by
Dunknown by
2The author’s attitude toward noise would best be described as ___
Aunrealistic
Btraditional
Cconcerned
Dhysterical
3Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage
ANoise is a major problem most people recognize its importance
BAlthough noise can be annoying it is not a major problem
CNoise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such
DNoise is a major problem about which nothing can be done
4The author condemns noise essentially because it ___
Ais against the law
Bcan make some people irritable
Cis a nuisance
Din a ganger to people’s health
5The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to be ___
Aunimportant
Bimpossible
Ca waste of money
Dessential
第十八篇答案:ACCDD
第十九篇(Unit 5Passage 3)
Is language like food like food a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent
All the infants died before the first year But clearly there was more than lack of language here What was missing was good mothering Without good mothering in the first year of life especially the capacity to survive is seriously affected
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick Nevertheless some children are still backward in speaking Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly If these sensitive periods are neglected the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes bowel – like sounds at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences and at four his language differs from that of his parents in born with the capacity to speak What is special about man’s brain compared with that of the monkey is the complex system which enables a child to commect the sight and feel of say a toy – bear with the sound pattern toy – bear And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him to analyse to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways
But speech has to be induced and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling grasping and smiling and responds to them Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals Sensitivity to the child’s non – verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language
1The purpose of Frederick I’s experiment was ____
Ato prove that children are born with ability to speak
Bto discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speak
Cto find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
Dto prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
2The reason that some children are backward in speaking is most likely that ____
Athey are incapable of learning language rapidly
Bthey are exposed to too much language at once
Ctheir mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
Dtheir mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
3What is particularly remarkable about a child is that ____
Ahe is born with the capacity to speak
Bhe has a brain more complex than an animal’s
Che can produce his own sentences
Dhe owes his speech ability to good nursing
4Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
AThe faculty of speech is inborn in man
BThe child’s brain is highly selective
CMost children learn their language in definite stages
DAll the above
5If a child starts to speak later than others he will ____in future
Ahave a high IQ Bbe less intelligent
Cbe insensitive to verbal signals Dnot necessarily be backward
第十九篇答案:BCCDD
第二十篇:(Unit 5Passage 4)
Hong Kong major commercial center for Asia and with a population which has grown at an alarming rate to over 5 million is a city highly dependent on mass transit of all sorts both local and long distance The average Hong Kong worker or businessman going about his daily activities simply must use public transportation at one time or another
Because Hong Kong is in two parts Kowloon on the mainland side and Hong Kong the island with Hong Kong’s harbor in between Hong Kong’s mass transit systems in addition to going over land must also cross water
Going from home to work or going shopping from one side of the harbor to the other the Hong Kong resident has three choices One way is to take a bus which will cross the harbor through an underwater traffic tunnel moving slowly through bumpertobumper traffic Another way is by ferryboat a pleasant ride which crosses the harbor in from seven to fifteen minutes
But by far the fastest way of crossing the harbor is the newly built underground electric railway the Hong Kong Metro If one boards the train in the Central District the commercial area of Hong Kong on the island side he can speed across the harbor in an astonishing three minutes On the other side of the harbor the railway continues snaking back and forth through the outlying districts of Kowloon allowing one to get off a short distance from his destination
The story of the Metro is an encouraging one for supporters of mass transit Although building the system was certainly a challenging task the Japanese firm hired to construct it did so in record time Construction got underway in 1979 and it was completed in 1980
For the average commuter the system has only one disadvantages it is more expensive than by bus or ferry One can ride the bus across the harbor for half as much or he can ride the ferry across for less than onefifth as much
1Hong Kong ___
Acan do without mass transit
Bfinds public transportation too expensive
Cneeds public transportation
Dhas an insufficient mass transit system
2Hong Kong Public transportation extends ___
Aover hills and valleys
Bacross land and water
Cthrough mountains
Dthroughout the Kowloon area
3The traffic in the underwater traffic tunnel is ___
Aheavy
Blight
Cfast
Ddangerous
4Crossing the harbor by train is ___
Aby far the most economical method
Bthe most pleasant method
Cthe least pleasant method
Dthe fastest method
5The business area on the island side of Hong Kong is referred to be as ___
AKowloon
Bthe Central District
Cthe Hong Kong Metro
Dthe Hong Kong’s harbor
第二十篇答案:CBADB
第21篇(Unit 6Passage 1)
The Reader’s digest investigation asked Americans which was the biggest threat to the nation’s future—big business big labor or big government A whopping 67 percent replied big government
Opinion researchers rarely see such a vast change in public attitude When put in historical perspective from the time of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal to the present the fallen status of government as a protector and benefactor is extraordinary We’ve returned to the instinctive American wariness of Washington so common before the Great Depression
In our poll taken before the November elections the overwhelming majority of our respondents wanted to stop or roll back the impact of government In answer to another question posed by The Digest 79 percent said they wanted either no more than the current level of government services and taxes or less government and lower taxes
It seems to me that we in the middle class bear most of the burden says Jone Nell Norman 61 a nurse in Dyersburg Tenn who often wonders about the government’s judgement in spending her money
Of Americans in our sample 62 percent believe that politician’s ethics and honesty have fallen And what about Congress Is it doing a good job Or do members spend more time thinking about their political futures than passing good legislation Across generations a thumping 89 percent thought the latter Congress always seems to be screwing up says one young Xer
However Americans are satisfied with their own lives and jobs Four of five respondents were completely or somewhat satisfied The figures held up across all ages – including Xer whom many pundits have claimed are pessimistic about their future
Looking deeper at jobs we found 70 percent of Americans believe they are about where they should be given their talents and effort This is an issue where age always makes a difference since older people who are more established in their jobs tend to be more satisfied while younger workers are still trying to find the right niche Sure enough Xers scored 65 percent about five points below average
1The US government status in the public mind before the Great Depression ____
Awas regarded as quite normal
Bused to be very low
Cremained a difficult problem for the federal government
Dreminded people of the principles laid down by Washington
2Xers is repeated several times to refer to
Aaccusers Byounger respondents
Ccollege students Dbluecollar workers
3The 61yearsold nurse Norman is mentioned in the article to show that ____
Athe government has cheated her out of her money
Bit is hard for her to earn a living
Ceven a retired nurse has lost faith in the government
Dthe more the government does the greater stake tax – payers’ money will be put at
4Screwing up in paragraph 5 may be paraphrased as ____
Aindecisive in making decisions Bbenefiting the nation in earnest
Cmaking a mess of everything Ddebating hotly
5Political future in paragraph 5 may be paraphrased as ____
Athe future of the whole nation Bpeople’s well – being in the future
Ca position of higher rank Dawareness of consistency in policies
第21篇答案:BBDCC
第22篇(Unit 6Passage 2)
Everyone has a moment in history which belongs particularly to him It is the moment when his emotions achieve their most powerful sway over him and afterward when you say to this person the world today or life or reality he will assume that you mean this moment even if it is fifty years past The world through his unleashed(释放)emotions imprinted itself upon him and he carries the stamp of that passing moment forever
For me this moment—four years in a moment in history—was the war The war was and is reality for me I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere These are some of its characteristics Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the president of the United States and he always has been The other two eternal world leaders are Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin America is not never has been and never will be what the song and poems call it a land of plenty Nylon meat gasoline and steel are rare There are too many jobs and not enough workers Money is very easy to earn but rather hard to spend because there isn’t very much to buy Trains are always late and always crowded with service men The war will always be fought very far from America and it will never end Nothing in America stands still for very long including the people who are always either leaving or on leave People in America cry often Sixteen is the key and crucial and natural age for a human being to be and people of all other ages are ranged in an orderly manner ahead of and behind you as a harmonious setting for the sixteenyearolds of the world When you are sixteen adults are slightly impressed and almost intimidated by you This is a puzzle finally solved by the realization that they foresee your military future fighting for them You do not foresee it To waste anything in America is immoral String and tinfoil are treasures Newspapers are always crowed with strange maps and names of towns and every few months the earth seems to lurch(突然倾斜)from its path when you see something in the newspapers such as the time Mussolini who almost seemed one of the eternal leaders is photographed hanging upside down on a meat hook
1Which statement best depicts the main idea of the first paragraph
AReality is what you make of it
BTime is like a river
CEmotions are powerful
DEvery person has a special moment
2Why does the author still clearly remember the war
AFranklin Delano Roosevelt was President
BIt was his personal reality and part of his life
CThere was not much to buy
DThe war would never end
3Which statement best describes the author’s feelings about the war
AIt was ever real for him yet he was not actively involved
BIt was real for him because he was a soldier at that time
CIt was very unreal to him
DThe war was very disruptive to the people at home
4Why does the author think that adults are impressed with sixteenyearolds
AAdults would like to be young
BSixteenyearolds do not waste things
CSixteenyearolds read newspapers
DThey will be fighting soon for adults
5Why does the author say that string and tinfoil are treasures
AThe war has made them scarce
BThey are useful to sixteenyearolds
CHe liked them when he was sixteen
DPeople are very w
asteful
第二十二篇答案:DBADA
第二十三篇:(Unit 6Passage 3)
In general our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic(官僚义) management in which man becomes a small welloiled cog in the machinery The oiling is done with higher wages Nellventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and human – relations experts yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless that he is bored with it In fact the blue and the whitecollar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management
The worker and employee are anxious not only because they might find themselves out of a job they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life They live an die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates They are even more insecure in some respects They are in a highly competitive race To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of selfrespect When they apply for their first job they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence From the moment on they are tested again and again – by the psychologists for whom testing is a big business and by their superiors who judge their behavior sociability capacity to get along etc This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow – competitor creates constant anxiety and stress the very causes of unhappiness and illness
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preidustrial mode of production or to nineteenthcentury free enterprise capitalism Certainly not Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown I suggest transforming our social system form a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities – those of all love and of reason – are the aims of social arrangements Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man
1By a welloiled cog in the machinery the author intends to deliver the idea that man is ____
Aa necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible
Bworking in complete harmony with the rest of the society
Can unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society
Da humble component of the society especially when working smoothly
2The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____
Athey are likely to lose their hobs
Bthey have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
Cthey are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
Dthey are deprived of their individuality and independence
3From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those _____
Awho are at the bottom of the society
Bwho are higher up in their social status
Cwho prove better than their fellow – competitors
Dwho could dip far away from this competitive world
4To solve the present social problems the author puts foruard a suggestion that we should ______
Aresort to the production mode of our ancestors
Boffer higher wages to the workers and employees
Cenable man to fully develop his potentialities
Dtake the fundamental realities for granted
5The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ______
Aapproval Bdissatisfaction
Csuspicion Dsusceptibility
第23篇答案:CDDCB
第24篇:(Unit 6Passage 4)
Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years It was always bad and usually foolish but in the past human race managed to live with it Modern ingenuity has changed this Either man will abolish war or war will abolish man For the present it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger but bacteriological or chemical weapons may before long offer an even greater threat If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons our work will not be done It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war To do this we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way not as contests of force in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law It is not easy to change very old mental habits but this is what must be attempted
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war I believe this to be a big error All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements that are at best doubtful and at worst totally false Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided Of course very difficult problems remain in the world but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago It has begun to be thought even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries but between man and the atom bomb
1This passage implies that war is now ___
Aworse than in the past
Bas bad as in the past
Cnot so dangerous as in the past
Das necessary as in the past
2In the sentence To do this we need to persuade mankind (Para 1) this refers to ___
Aabolish war
Bimprove weapons
Csolve international problems
Dlive a peaceful life
3From Paragraph 2 we learn that the author of the passage ___
Ais an adherent of some modern ideologies
Bdoes not think that adoption of any ideology could prevent war
Cbelieve that the adoption of some ideology could prevent war
Ddoes not doubt the truth of any ideologies
4According to the author ___
Awar is the only way to solve international disputes
Bwar will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons
Cit is impossible for the people to live without war
Dwar must be abolished if man wants to survive
5The last paragraph suggests that ___
Ainternational agreements can be reached more easily now
Bman begins to realize the danger of nuclear war
Cnuclear war will definitely not take place
Dworld opinion welcomes nuclear war
第二十四篇答案:AABDB
第二十五篇:(Unit 7 Passage 1)
Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a lowcost route to developing new airliners Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements as a lowcost route to acquiring new airliner technology If they are not careful the two sides will end up tripping over each other the one by selling its birthright for shortterm gain the other by trying to break into a market which isn’t big enough to sustain it
Technology transfer works in a growing market where the aspirations of the new entrant receiving that technology can be met through expansion The airliner market is not such a device
Even the most optimistic projections of airliner sales for the next 20 years show that airliner manufacture can only be profitable if a small number of aircraft builders share the available sales It follows that if new manufacturers come into the market and take sales their sales must come from substitution not expansion
Given the complexity of today’s airliners it is unlikely that any new entrant will have both the financial and technical resources to come into the market without the involvement of an established manufacturer In the short term such involvement may not be to the exclusive benefit of the new entrant most of the established manufacturers are searching for ways to reduce costs of manufacture
In the short term it can be of benefit to an established Western manufacturer to have either components of complete air – frames made or assembled in lowerwage economics such a China Taiwan or Korea while retaining the design development and marketing of aircraft for itself It would be a very unwise Western manufacturer which did not heed the fact that these developing economies are acquiring skills ( like computing ) at least as quickly as they are acquiring skills in metallbashing
The danger comes when the new entrant no longer needs the established Western partner because it has acquired the technical and intellectual ability to design and build its own aircraft An Asian partner may well find itself in the happy position of having the lowcost labour base the highcost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner
1The author’s attitude towards Westerneastern collaboration can be depicted as ________
Apositive Bprogressive Cconservative Dnegative
2The airliner market is not such a device means that the airliner market _______
Adoes not encourage technology transfer
Bis too limited to offer chances of success
Crequires hitech rather than unaccepted devices
Dis full of competitions even for new entrants
3Established manufacturers search for partners in order to _______
Asave the cost of the airframe Bimprove some aircraft components
Csave the cost of labour Ddevelop new technology
4According to the author a wise established manufacturer should ______
Atry to benefit from both financial and technical resources
Bbreak up his partnership with the East once profits are made
Ckeep a tight told over hitech development and marketing of airliners
Dcollaborate with Asian partners for a short t
ime
5The word base in the last paragraph represents_______
Aa production place
Bthe initial operation of building aircraft
Ca research institute
Da position where to start building
第二十五篇答案:CDADA
第二十六篇:(Unit 7 Passage 2)
There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another Three basic ways may be described as the market system the administered system and the traditional system
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them In a market transactions may take place via barter or money exchange In a barter economy real goods such as automobiles shoes and pizzas are traded against each other Obviously finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably In the modern market economy goods and services are bought or sold for money
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced exchanged and consumed by each economic unit Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy The central plan drawn up by the government shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption This is an example of complete planning of production consumption and exchange for the whole economy
In a traditional society production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage religion and custom Transactions take place on the basis of tradition too People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons provide them with food and shelter care for their health and provide for their education Clearly in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone progress may be difficult to achieve A stagnant society may result
1What is the main purpose of the passage
ATo outline contrasting types of economic systems
BTo explain the science of economics
CTo argue for the superiority of one economic system
DTo compare barter and moneyexchange markets
2In the second paragraph the word real in real goods could best be replaced by ___
Ahigh quality
Bconcrete
Cutter
Dauthentic
3According to the passage a barter economy can generate ___
Arapid speed of transactions
Bmisunderstandings
Cinflation
Ddifficulties for the traders
4According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system
AIndividual households
BSmall businesses
CMajor corporations
DThe government
5Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person’s position in a traditional society
AFamily background
BAge
CReligious beliefs
DCustom
第26篇答案:ABDDB
第27篇:(Unit 7 Passage 3)
The American economic system is organized around a basically privateenterprise marketoriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most Private businessmen striving to make profits produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen and the profit motive operating under competitive pressures largely determines how these goods and services are produced Thus in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it
An important factor in a marketoriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers In the American economy this mechanism is provided by a price system a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by sellerproducers If the product is in short supply relative to the demand the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market If on the other hand producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost this will tend to increase the supply offered by sellerproducers which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product Thus price is the regulating mechanism in the America economic system
The important factor in a privateenterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources (private property) and they are permitted to hire labor gain control over natural resources and produce goods and services for sale at a profit In the American economy the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual
1In Para 1 the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes means ___
AAmericans never feel satisfied with their incomes
BAmericans tend to overstate the amount of their incomes
CAmericans want to have their incomes increased
DAmericans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes
2The first two sentences in the second paragraph clarity the idea to us that ___
Aproducers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production
Bconsumers can express their demands through producers
Cproducers decide the prices of products
Dsupply and demand regulate prices
3The word embraces in Para 3 probably parallels ___
Aenfold
Bhug
Ccomprehend
Dsupport
4According to the passage a privateenterprise economy is characterized by ___
Aprivate property and rights concerned
Bmanpower and natural resources control
Cownership of productive resources
Dfree contracts and prices
5The passage is mainly talking about ___
Ahow American goods are produced
Bhow American consumers buy their goods
Chow American economic system works
Dhow American businessman make their profits
第27篇答案:DDCAC
第28篇:(Unit 7 Passage 4)
The governmentrun command post in Tunis is staffed around the clock by military personnel meteorologists and civilians On the wall are maps crisscrossed with brightly colors arrows that painstakingly track the fearsome path of the enemy
What kind of invader gives rise to such highlevel monitoring Not man not beast but the lowly desert locust(蝗虫) In recent months billions of the 3inchlong winged warriors have descended on Algeria Libya Morocco and Tunisia blackening the sky and eating up crops and vegetation The insect invasion the worst in 30 years is already creating great destruction in the Middle East and is now treating southern Europe The current crisis began in late 1985 near the Red Sea Unusually rainy weather moistened the sands of the Sudan making them ideal breeding grounds for the locust which lays its eggs in the earth The insect onslaught threatens to create yet another African famine Each locust can eat its weight (not quite a tenth of an ounce) in vegetation every 24 hours A goodsize swarm of 50 billion insects eats up 100000 tons of grass trees and crops in a single night
All ﹩150 million may be needed this year The US has provided two spraying planes and about 50000 gal of pesticide The European Community has donated ﹩38 million in aid and the Soviet Union Canada Japan and China have provided chemicalspraying aircraft to help wipe out the pests But relief efforts are hampered by the relative mildness of approved pesticides which quickly lose their deadly punch and require frequent replications The most effective locust killer dieldrin has been linked to cancer and is banned by many Western countries and some of the affected African nations More then 5 million acres have been dusted with locustkilling chemicals another 5 million will be treated by the end of June
On May 30 representatives of Tunisia Algeria Libya Morocco and Mauritania will meet in Algiers to discuss tactics to wipe out the ravenous swarms The move is an important step but whatever plan is devised the locust plague promised to get worse before the insects can be brought under control
1The main idea of the first sentence in the passage is that ___
Athe command post is stationed with people all the time
Bthe command post is crowed with people all the time
Cthere are clocks around the command post
Dthe clock in the command post is taken care of by the staff
2The favorable breeding ground for the locust is ___
Arich soil
Bwet land
Cpaces covered crops and vegetation
Dthe Red Sea
3People are alert at the threat of the locust because ___
Athe insects are likely to create another African famine
Bthe insects may blacked the sky
Cthe number of the insects increases drastically
Dthe insects are gathering and moving in great speed
4Which of the following is true
AOnce the pesticides are used locust will die immediately
BRelief efforts are proved most fruitful due to the effectiveness of certain pesticides
CDieldrin the most effective locust killer has been widely accepted in many countries
DOver 10 million acres of affected area will have been treated with locustkilling chemicals by the end of June
5The purpose for affected nations to meet in Algiers on May 30 is ___
Ato devise antilocust plans
Bto wipe out the swarms in two years
Cto call out for additional financial aid from other nations
Dto bring the insects under control before the plague gets worse
第二十八篇答案:BBADA
第二十九篇:(Unit 8 Passage 1)
Improbable as it may seem an increasing number of Germans are giving up their elegant Mercedeses sleek BMWs and ferociously fast Porsches and getting behind the wheels of imported American models – fro plush Cadillacs to more prosaic Fords Unlike the cars produced by Detroit’s European subsidiaries these cars are as American as apple pie and watery beer And thanks to a favorable exchange rate they are more affordable than ever Last year Germans bought 12 477 new US –built cars sales are expected to double this year
Like blue jeans this buy – America fad appeals to Germans from all walks of life Once regarded as faulty flashy gas – guzzling Goliaths American autos are – thanks in large measure to foreign competition –more stylish and reliable than in years past Tugged off road vehicles like the fourwheel drive Jeep Cherokee are now the hot wheels to drive among Germany’s thirty something set Owners and Aficionados of American – made care also boast their cars are cheaper to maintain
But that’s not the main reason German motorists are choosing US imports – It’s their price Even after the cost of overseas shipping is included American – made cars offer more value – and deluxe features – for less money than German models A Chrysler LeBaron convertible sells for 35 000 marks a BMW 320i convertible by comparison commands 10 000 marks more And US autos come with standard equipment – electric windows automatic locks and sun roofs – that’s available only as expensive options on German models
Owning an American car in Germany is not for everybody But the worst headaches come form the German bureaucracy Johann Erben a Greiburg dental lab technician purchased a LeBaron convertible during a US trip in November – and has yet to drive it one kilometer First he waited months for the proper registration documents to arrive then he spent more than 1 000 marks to have it comply with German regulations Even so safety inspectors refused to approve it until he changed the headlights and windows to European Community standards There I was with my supermodern 20000 car and unable to get it through inspection Erben recalled
1Detroit’s European subsidiaries _______
Aproduce the same models as Detroit supplies in the US market
Bprovide cars of European styles
Cproduce cars that are thought to be unAmerican by Germans
Dcould hardly meet the demand for American cars last year
2The buyAmerican fad that appeals to Germans most seems to be _______
Ablue jeans Bapple pie
CUSmade cars Dwatery beer
3As for Germans American cars not only are cheaper but _______
Aendures wear and tear Bare adaptable to road conditions
Cprovides greater space Doffers more deluxe features
4Which of the following statements is true
AAmerican cars used to consume a lot of oil
BJapanese cars still lead the German market
CThe US motor industry is now confident to cope with recession
DGerman cars are going to provide the same standard equipment as Americanmade cars
5European Community standards probably are _______
Aa law to control the amount of imported goods from other continents
Ba set of standards to inspect imported cars
Ca system to regulate measures of manufactured goods
Da set of standards to control product quality
第29篇答案:CADAC
第30篇:(Unit 8 Passage 2)
How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing The usual answer these days is never or hardly ever As the pace of life continues to increase we are fast losing the art of relaxation Once you are in the habit of rushing through life being on the go from morning till night it is hard to slow down and unwind But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body
Stress is a natural part of everyday life There is no way to avoid it since it takes many and varied formsdriving in traffic problems with personal relationships are all different forms of stress Stress in fact is not the baddy it is often reputed to be A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to level performance and ill health
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual Some people thrive on stress and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities Others crumple at the sight of unusual difficulties
When exposed to stress in whatever form we react both chemically and physically In fact we invoke the fight mechanism which in more primitive days made the difference between life and death The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme but however minimal the stress it involves the same response All the energy is diverted to cope with the stress with the result that other functions such as digestion are neglected
It is when such a reaction is prolonged through continued exposure to stress that health becomes endangered Such serious conditions as high blood pressure coronary heart disease(冠心病)all have established links with stress The way stress affects a person also varies with the individual Stress in some people produces stomach disorders while others succumb to tension headaches Since we cannot remove stress from our lives we need to find ways to cope with it
1The reason that many people find it very difficult to relax these days is that ___
Athey are working harder than they used to be
Bthey are often too busy to find the time
Cthey are suffering from the effects of stress
Dthey are not clear of how to relax by themselves
2We learn from the passage that ___
Ahow much stress one can bear depends greatly on whether he knows the art of relaxation
Bpeople in primitive days survived from stress because they found certain mechanism to cope with it
Cif one gets into the habit of relaxing every day he can overcome stress easily
Dstress can lead to serious health problem if one is exposed to it for too long
3The sentence Stress in fact is not the baddy’ it is often reputed to be suggests that ___
Astress used to have a bad reputation of causing ill health
Bwe should not take it for granted that stress is unavoidable
Cstress is not so terrible as people often believe it to be
Dpeople do not think stress is as harmful as it was before
4The pronoun it at the end of the passage refers back to __
Aill health
Bexposure
Creaction
Dstress
5What is writer’s attitude to stress according to the passage
AStress as well as relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body
BStress produces both positive and negative effects on people
CStress should not be eliminated completely from the life
DPeople usually work better under stress if they are healthy
第30篇答案:BDCDB
第31篇:(Unit 8 Passage 3)
For four lonely years Evelyn Jones of Rockford Illinois lived friendless and forgotten in one room of a cheap hotel I wasn’t sick but I was acting sick the 78yearold widow says Every day was the same—I would just lie on my bed and maybe cook up some soup Then six months ago she was invited to The Brighter Side—Rockford’s day care center for the elderly Every weekday morning since then she has left her home to meet nine other old people in a church for a rich program of charity work trips games and—most important of all—friendly companionship
Just a few years ago there were few choices for the elderly between a normal life in their own homes and being totally confined in nursing homes Many of them were sent to rest homes long before they needed fulltime care Others like Mrs Jones were left to take care of themselves But in 1971 the White House Conference on Aging called for the development of alternatives to care in nursing homes for old people and since then governmentsupported daycare programs like The Brighter Side have been developed in most big American cities
This represents a real alternative to the feared institution and makes old people believe they have not left the world of living says Alice Brophy 64 director of New York City’s Office for the Aging They do well at the centers and I hate it when people describe us as elderly playpens New York’s 138 centers encourage continuing contact for the aged with the community’s life The centers serve more than 15000 members and volunteer workers are always looking for new ones If someone doesn’t show up at the center for several days in a row a worker at the center calls to make sure all is well And although participation in the center is free those who want to can pay for their lunches
No normal studies have been made of these centers for the elderly but government officials are enthusiastic In the future the Public Health Service will do a study to decide if the programs can receive federal Medicare money And the old people themselves are very happy with the programs There is no way says Evelyn Jones smiling at her new companions at the Brighter Side that I will ever go back to spending my day with all those loses at the hotel
1What is the main idea of the article
ADay care centers may be able to receive federal Medicare money
BDay care centers can make life better for elderly people
CMany old people in the United States are lonely
DOld people have no place in their society
2According to Para 2 why did many old people have to go to nursing homes
AThey need fulltime care
BThey wanted to go there
CThey were sent there
DThey were volunteers there
3According to Alice Brophy (in Paragraph 3)___
Athe centers are like elderly playpens
Bthe old people do well at the day care centers
Cold people like nursing institutions
Doutside the Brighter side they don’t work for the old
4This represents a real alternative to the feared institution (in Paragraph 3) In the sentence this means ___
Amost big American cities
Brest homes
Cday care programs
Dthe White House Conference on aging
5How does the writer of the article seem to feel about day care centers for the elderly
AThe writer approves of them
BThe writer disapproves of them
CThe writer thinks nursing homes are better
DHe doesn’t say anything about it
第31篇答案:BCBCA
第32篇:(Unit 8 Passage 4)
Drunken drivingsometimes called America’s socially accepted form of murderhas become a national epidemic Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers adding up to an incredible 250000 over the past decade
A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 010 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American macho image and judges were lenient in most courts but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many wellpublicized tragedies especially involving young children that public opinion is no longer so tolerant
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21 reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18 After New Jersey lowered it to 18 the number of people killed by 1820yearold drivers more than doubled so the state recently upped it back to 21
Reformers however fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop responsible attitudes about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink
Though new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and in many areas already to a marked decline in fatalities Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks A tavern in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who obviously intoxicated and later drove off the road killing a nineyearold boy
As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919 what President Hoover called the noble experiment They forgot that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking but encouraged political corruption and organized crime As with the booming drug trade generally there is no easy solution
1Drunken driving had become a major problem in America because ___
Amost Americans are heavy drinkers
BAmericans are now less shocked by road accidents
Caccidents attract so much publicity
Ddrinking is a socially accepted habit in America
2Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed
ABecause detailed statistics are now available
BBecause the news media have highlighted the problem
CBecause judges are giving more severe sentences
DBecause drivers are more conscious of their image
3Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that ___
Amany drivers were not of legal age
Byoung drivers were often bad drivers
Cthe level of drinking increased in the 1960s
Dthe legal drinking age should be raised
4Laws recently introduced in some states have ___
Areduced the number of convictions
Bresulted in fewer serious accidents
Cprevented bars from serving drunken customers
Dspecified the amount drivers can drink
5Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve
ABecause alcohol is easily obtained
BBecause drinking is linked to organized crime
CBecause legal prohibition has already failed
DBecause legislation alone is not sufficient
第三十二篇答案:DBDBD
第三十三篇:(Unit 9Passage 1)
Fresh water life itself has never come easy in the Middle East Ever since the Old Testament(旧约圣) God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain water supplies here have been dwindling The rainfall only comes in winter Inshallah Good willing –and drains quickly through the semiarid land leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next November
The region’s accelerating population expanding agriculture industrialization and higher living standards demand more fresh water Drought and pollution limit its availability War and mismanagement squander it Says Joyce Starr of the Global Water Summit Initiative based in Washington DC Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are suing all the water resources available to them They have only 15 to 20 years left before their agriculture and ultimately their food security is threatened
I came here to examine this crisis in the making to investigate fears that water wars are imminent that water has replaced oil as the region’s most contentious commodity For more than two months I traveled through three river valleys and seven nations from southern Turkey down the Euphrates River Syria Iraq and on to Kuwait to Israel and Jordan neighbors across the valley of the Jordan to the timeless Egyptian Nile
Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have – notes Compared with the United States which in 1990 had a freshwater potential of 10000 cubic meters(26 million galloons) a year for each citizen Iraq had 5 500 Turkey had 4 000 and Syria had more than 2 800 Egypt’s potential was only 1 100 Israel had 460 Jordan a meager 260 But these are not firm figures because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream
Scarcity is only one element of the crisis Inefficiency is another as is the reluctance of some water – poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water – intensive enterprises Some experts suggest that if nations would share both water technology and resources they could satisfy the region’s population currently 159 million But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries water seldom stands alone as an issue It is entangled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help from one another Here where water like truth is precious each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth
As Israeli hydrology professor Uri Shamir told me If there is political will for peace water will not be a hindrance If you want reasons to fight water will not e a hindrance If you want reasons to fight water will give you ample opportunities
1Why for next November (para1) Because________
Aaccording to the Ole Testament fresh water is available only in November
Brainfall comes only in winter starting form November
Crunning water systems will not be ready until next November
Dit is a custom in that region that irrigation to crops is done only in November
2What is the cause for the imminent water war
ALack of water resources BLack of rainfall
CInefficient use of water DAll the above
3One way for the region to use water efficiently is to _______
Adevelop other enterprises that cost less water
Bdraw a plan of irrigation for the various nations
Cimport water from water – rich nations
Dstop wars of any sort for good and all
4Uri Shamir’s viewpoint is that ________
Anations in that region are just fighting for water
Bpeople there are thirsty for peace instead of water
Cwater is no problem as long as there is peace
Dthose nations have every reason to fight for water
5The author’s tone in the article can be described as ______
Adepressing Burgent Cjoking Dmocking
第33篇答案:BDACB
第34篇:(Unit 9Passage 2)
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive attachment period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails and many people do believe this But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion
Firstly anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies For example we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it Secondly common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if parents caretakers found children had problems with it Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out and even if they were the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial Thirdly in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children’s development But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue
But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects The possibility that such care might lead to say more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics Whatever the longterm effects parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time The matter then is far from clearcut though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants
1This passage primarily argues that ___
Ainfants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schools
Bwhether children under the age of three should be sent to nursery schools
Cthere is not negative longterm effect on infants who are sent to school before they are three
Dthere is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school after the age of three
2The phrase predispose to (Para 1 line 3) most probably means ___
Alead to
Bdispose to
Cget into
Dtend to suffer
3According to Bowlby’s analysis it is quite possible that ___
Achildren’s personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents
Bearly day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children
Cchildren will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on
Dsome longterm effects can hardly be reduced from children’s development
4It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that ___
Atraditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age
BChildren in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies
CA child did not live together with his parents among the Ngoni
DChildren in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents
5The writer concludes that ___
Ait is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school
BIt is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children
CIt is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school
DIt is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school
第三十四篇答案:BDCAD
第三十五篇(Unit 9 Passage 3)
The life story of the human species goes back a million years and there is no doubt that man came only recently to the western hemisphere None of the thousands of sites of aboriginal (土著) habitation uncovered in North and South America has antiquity comparable to that of old World sites Man’s occupation of the New World may date several tens of thousands of years but no one rationally argues that he has been here even 100000 years
Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset and the proposed routes boxed the compass With one or two notable exceptions however students of American anthropology soon settled for the plausible idea that the first immigrants came b way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest corner of North America across the Bering Strait Mariners were able to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow – it is 56 miles wide – but also shallow a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the strait into an isthmus (峡) With little eels in the way of evidence to sustain the Bering Strait land bridge anthropologists (类学家) embraced the idea that man walked dryshod (湿鞋) from Asia to America
Toward the end of the last century however it became apparent that the Western Hemisphere was the New World not only for man but also for a host of animals and plants Zoologists and botanists showed that numerous subjects of their respective kingdoms must have originated in Asia and spread to America These findings were neither astonishing nor wholly unexpected Such spread of populations is not to be envisioned as an exodus or mass migration even in the case of animals It is rather a spilling into new territory that accompanies increase in numbers with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological conditions But the immense traffic in plant and animal’s forms placed a heavy burden on the Bering Strait land bridge as the anthropologists ahead envisioned it Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a narrow bridge the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at a stretch
1The movement of plants and animals form Asia to America indicates ______
Athat they could not have traveled across the Bering Strait
Bthat Asia and the Western hemisphere were connected by a large land mass
Cthat the Bering Sea was an isthmus at one time
Dthat migration was in the one direction only
2The author is refuting the notion that _____
Alife arose in America independently of life in Europe
Bthe first settlers in America came during the sixteenth century
Ca large continent once existed which has disappeared
Dman was a host to animals and plants
3By using the words boxed the compass (in Line 7) the author implies that _____
Athe migration of mankind was from West to East
Bthe migration of mankind was from East to West
Cmankind traveled in all directions
Dmankind walked from Asia to America
4One reason for the migration not mentioned by the author is _____
Aovercrowding
Bfavorable environmental conditions
Cfamine
Dthe existence of a land bridge
5We may assume that in the paragraph that follows this passage the author argues about______
Athe contributions of anthropologist
Bthe contributions of zoologists and botanists
Cthe contributions made by the American Indians
Dthe existence of a large land mass between Asia and North America
第35篇答案:BCCCD
第36篇(Unit 9 Passage 4)
There was on shop in the town of Mufulira which was notorious for its color bar It was a drugstore While Europeans were served at the counter a long line of Africans queued at the window and often not only were kept waiting but when their turn came to be served were rudely treated by the shop assistants One day I was determined to make a public protest against this kind of thing and many of the schoolboys in my class followed me to the store and waited outside to see what would happen when I went in
I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medicine As soon as he saw me standing in the place where only European customers were allowed to stand he shouted at me in a bastard language that is only used by an employed when speaking to his servants I stood at the counter and politely requested in English that I should be served The manager became exasperated and said to me in English If you stand there till Christmas I will never serve you
I went to the District commissioner’s office Fortunately the District Commissioner was out for he was one of the old school however I saw a young District Officer who was a friend of mine He was very concerned to hear my story and told me that if ever I wanted anything more from the drugstore all I had to do was come to him personally and he would buy my medicine for me I protested that that was not good enough I asked him to accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager This he did and I well remember him saying to the manager Here is Mr Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council and you treat him like a common servant The manager of the drugstore apologized and said If only he had introduced himself and explained who he was then of course I should have given him proper service
I had to explain once again that he had missed my point Why should I have to introduce myself every time I went into a store…any more than I should have to buy my medicine by going to a European friend I want to prove that any man of any color whatever his position should have the right to go into any shop and buy what he wanted
1Color bar in the first paragraph comes closest in meaning to ___
Aa bar which is painted in different colors
Bthe fact that white and black customers are served separately
Ca bar of chocolate having different colors
Da counter where people of different colors are served with beer
2The writer was at the time of the story ___
Aa black school teacher
Ban African servant
Ca black but a friend of Europeans
Da rich black
3The manager of the drugstore shouted at the writer in a bastard language because ___
Ahe hadn’t learned to speak polite English
Bhe thought the writer wouldn’t understand English
Cthat was the usual language used by Europeans when speaking to Africans
Dthat was the only language he could speak when he was angry
4In the third paragraph he was one of the old school means ___
Ahe believed in the ageold practice of racial discrimination
Bhe was a very old man
Che graduated from an old conservative school
Dhe was in charge of an old school
5Why didn’t the writer wait at the window of the drugstore like other black African
ABecause he thought he was educated and should be treated differently
BBecause he thought being an important person he should not be kept waiting
CBecause he thought his white friends would help him out
DBecause he wanted to protest against racial discrimination
第三十六篇答案:BACAD
第三十七篇:(Unit 10Passage 1)
Jogging has become the most popular individual sport in America Many theories even some mystical ones have been advanced to explain the popularity of jogging The plain truth is that jogging is a cheap quick and efficient way to maintain (or achieve )physical fitness
The most useful sort of exercise is exercise that develops the heart lungs and circulatory systems If these systems are fit the body is ready for almost any sport and for almost any sudden demand made by work or emergencies One can train more specifically as by developing strength for weight lifting or the ability to run straight ahead for short distances with great power s in football but running trains your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen more efficiently to all parts of your body It is worth noting that this sort of exercise is the only kind that can reduce heart disease the number one cause of death in America
Only one sort of equipment is needed – a good pair of shoes Physicians advise beginning joggers not to run in a tennis or gym shoe Many design advances have been made in only the last several years that make an excellent running shoe in dispensable if a runner wishes to develop as quickly as possible with as little chance of injury as possible A good running shoe will have a soft pad for absorbing shock as well as a slightly builtup heel and a full heelcup that will give the knee and ankle more stability A wise investment in good shoes will prevent bilisters and the foot ankle and knee injures and will also enable the wearer to run on paved or soft surfaces
No other special equipment is needed you can jog in any clothing you desire even your street clothes Many joggers wear expensive flashy warm –up suits but just as many wear a simple pair of gym shoes and Tshirt in fact many people just jog in last year’s clothes In cold weather several layers of clothing are better than one heavy sweater or coat If joggers are wearing several layers of clothing they can add or subtract layers as conditions change
It takes surprisingly little time to develop the ability to run The American Jogging Association has a twelve – week program designed to move form a fifteenminute walk (which almost anyone can manage who is in reasonable health) to a thirtyminute run A measure of common sense a physical examination and a planned schedule are all it takes
1They main purpose of this passage is to _____
Adiscuss jogging as a physical fitness program
Bdescribe the type of clothing needed for jogging
Cprovide scientific evidence of the benefits of jogging
Ddistinguish between jogging as a common sense fitness program and a cult (崇拜) movement
2The most useful kind of exercise is exercise that ______
Atrains the body for weigh lifting
Benables a person to run straight ahead for short distances with great power
Cis both beneficial and inexpensive
Ddevelops the heart lungs and circulatory systems
3We can conclude from this passage that ______
Abecause of jogging heart disease is no longer an American problem
Bjogging can be harmful if the runner is not properly prepared
Cwarmup suits are preferable to gym shoes and Tshirts
Djogging is bad for the ankles and knees
4The author’s tone ______
Askeptical Baggressive Capproving Dpurely objective
5As used in this passage the word mystical means ________
Aawesome Bhorrifying Ca spirtual discipline Dvicious
第37篇答案:ADBCC
第38篇:(Unit 10Passage 2)
There are spectacular differences between financial markets on the Continent of Europe on the one hand and in Britain on the other hand In Britain the market is really the City of London It is a free market and it controls most of the flow of savings to investment On the Continent either a few banks or government officials direct the flow of funds to suit their economic plans In Germany the flow is directed by allpowerful banks In Britain there is more free interplay of market forces and far fewer regulations rules and red tape A French banker summed it up this way On the Continent you can’t do anything unless you’re been told you can in England on the other hand you can do everything as long as you haven’t been told not to
There are many basic reasons for these differences One is that Continental savers tend to prefer gold cash or shortterm assets They invest only 10 of their savings in institutions like pension funds or insurance companies But in Britain 50 of savings goes to them and they in turn invest directly in equity market A far lower proportion of savings is put in the banks in the form of liquid assets than on the Continent Continental governments intervene directly or through the banks to collect savings together and transform them into medium or longterm loans for investment The equity market is largely bypassed On the Continent economic planning tends to be far more centralized than in Britain In Britain it is possible to influence decisions affecting the country’s economy from within the City It attracts a skilled and highly qualified work force In France on the other hand an intelligent young man who wants a career in finance would probably find the civil service more attractive
In Britain the market or more accurately money tends to be regarded as an end in itself On the Continent it is regarded as a means to an end investment in the economy To British eyes continental systems with possible exception of the Dutch seem slow and inefficient But there is one outstanding fact the City should not overlook Britain’s growth rates and levels of investment over the last ten years have been much lower than on the Continent There are many reasons for this but the City must take part of the blame If it is accepted that the basic function of a financial market is to supply industry and commerce with finance in order to achieve desired rates of growth it can be said that by concentrating on the market for its own sake the City has tended to forget that basic function
1What is the best title of the passage
ASavings and the Growth Rate
BBanking and Finance Two Different Realities
CMonetary Policy in Britain
DThe European Continent and Britain
2What seems to be the most fundamental reason for this difference
AThe British tend to regard money as an end whereas Continental European consider it a means to an end
BThe British invest only 10 of their savings in pension funds
COn the Continent you can’t do anything unless you have been told you can
DIntelligent young men who want a career tend to go to civil service on the Continent
3According to the passage the Dutch way of finance and banking ___
Ais similar to that of the French
Bmakes no difference whatever system it is compared to
Cis perhaps resembling that of the British
Dhas a low efficiency
4The word outstanding in Line 4 Para 3___
Abeating
Bsurplus
Cnoticeable
Dseemingly
5In what way does the continental system seem better
AThe Continent maintains a higher growth rate and levels of investment
BIt has less proportion of savings in the form of liquid assets
CIt attracts intelligent young men
DIn functions properly despite the fact that the British discount it
第38篇答案:BACCA
第39篇:(Unit 10 Passage 3)
The gift of being able to describe a face accurately is a rare one as every experienced police officer knows to his cost As the Lancet put it recently When we try to describe faces precisely words fail us and we resort to identikit (拼脸型图) procedures
Yet according to one authority on the subject we can each probably recognise more than 1000 faces the majority of which differ in fine details This when one comes to think of it is a tremendous feat though curiously enough relatively little attention has been devoted to the fundamental problems of how and why we acquire this gift for recognizing and remembering faces Is it an inborn property of our brains or an acquired one As so often happens the experts tend to differ
Thus some argue that it is inborn and that there are special characteristics about the brain’s ability to distinguish faces In support of this these they note how much better we are at recognizing a face after a single encounter than we are for example in recognizing an individual horse On the other hand there are those and they are probably in the majority who claim that the gift is an acquired one
The arguments in favour of this latter view it must be confessed are impressive It is a habit that is acquired soon after birth Watch for instance how a quite young baby recognises his member by sight Granted that his other senses help – the sound other voice his sense of smell the distinctive way she handles him
But of all these sight is predominant Formed at the very beginning of life the ability to recognize faces quickly becomes an established habit and one that is essential for daily living if not necessarily for survival How essential and valuable it is we probably do not appreciate until we encounter people who have been deprived of the faculty
This unfortunate inability to recognize familiar faces is known to all but such people can often recognize individuals by their voices their walking manners or their spectacles With typical human ingenuity many of these unfortunate people overcome their handicap by recognizing other characteristic features
1It is stated in the passage that ______
Ait is unusual for a person to be able to identify a face satisfactorily
Bthe ability to recognize faces unhesitatingly is an unusual gift
Cquit a few people can visualize faces they have seen
Dfew people can give exact details of the appearance of a face
2What the author feels strange about is that _______
Apeople have the tremendous ability to recognize more than 1000 faces
Bpeople don’t think much of the problem of how and why we acquire the ability to recognize and remember faces
Cpeople don’t realize how essential and valuable it is for them to have the ability to recognize faces
Dpeople have been arguing much over the way people recognize and remember faces
3What is the first suggested explanation of the origin of the ability
AIt is one of the characteristics peculiar to human beings
BIt is acquired soon after birth
CIt is something we can do from the very moment we are born
DIt is learned from our environment and experiences
4According to the passage how important is the ability to recognize faces
AIt is useful in daily life but is not necessarily essential
BIt is absence would make normal everyday life impossible
CUnder certain circumstances we could not exist without it
DNormal social life would be difficult without it
5This passage seems to emphasize that ______
Athe ability to recognize individuals is dependent on other senses as well as sight
Bsight is indispensable to recognizing individuals
Cthe ability to recognise faces is a special inborn ability of the brain
Dthe importance of the ability of recognize faces in fully appreciated by people
第39篇答案:DBCBA
第40篇:(Unit 10 Passage 4)
Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see They drift about lazily with the currents providing a basic food for many larger animals
Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents and the comparison is an appropriate one In potential food value however plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year The sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much
Despite its enormous food potential little effort was made until recently to farm plankton as we farm grasses on land Now marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility especially as the sea’s resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population
No one yet has seriously suggested that planktonburgers may soon become popular around the world As a possible farmed supplementary food source however plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists
One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimplike creature called krill Growing to two or three inches long krill provide the major food for the giant blue whale the largest animal ever to inhabit the Earth Realizing that this whale may grow 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily
Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles wide mainly in the cold Antarctic Because of their pink color they often appear as a solid reddish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air Krill are very high in food value A pound of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories—about the same as shrimp or lobster to which they are related
If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales many scientists reason they must certainly be contenders as new food source for humans
1Which of the following best portrays the organization of the passage
AThe author presents the advantages and disadvantages of plankton as a food source
BThe author quotes public opinion to support the argument for farming plankton
CThe author classifies the different food sources according to amount of carbohydrate
DThe author makes a general statement about plankton as a food source and then moves to a specific example
2According to the passage why is plankton regarded to be more valuable than land grasses
AIt is easier to cultivate
BIt produces more carbohydrates
CIt does not require soil
DIt is more palatable
3Why does the author mention planktonburgers
ATo describe the appearance of one type of plankton
BTo illustrate how much plankton a whale consumes
CTo suggest plankton as a possible food sources
DTo compare the food
values of beef and plankton
4What is mentioned as one conspicuous feature of krill
AThey are the smallest marine animals
BThey are pink in color
CThey are similar in size to lobsters
DThey have grass like bodies
5The author mentions all of the following as reasons why plankton could be considered a human food source except that it is ___
Ahigh in food value
Bin abundant supply in the oceans
Can appropriate food for other animals
Dfree of chemicals and pollutants
第四十篇答案:DBCBD
第四十篇:(Unit 11Passage 1)
In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any country – from 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985 – that is by a full one third The entire growth however was in manufacturing and especially in no – bluecollar jobs…
This trend is the same in all developed countries and is indeed even more pronounced in Japan It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the labor force I n manufacturing than developed countries now employ in farming – at most 10 percent Today the United States employs around 18 million people in bluecollar jobs in manufacturing industries By 2010 the number is likely to be no more than 12 million In some major industries the drop will be even sharper It is quite unrealistic for instance to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more than one –third of its present bluecollar force 25 years hence even though production might be 50 percent higher
If a company an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same time sharply reduce the bluecollar work force it cannot hope to remain competitive – or even to remain developed The attempt to preserve such blue – collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment…
This is not a conclusion that American politicians labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept What confuses the issue even more it that the United States is experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capital for manual labor Where we spoke of mechanization a few decades ago we now speak of robotization or automation This is actually more a change in terminology than a change in reality When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909 he cut the number of man – hours required to produce a motor car by some 80 percent in two or three years –far more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete robotization But there is no doubt that we are facing a new sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machines –that is by the products of knowledge
1According to the author the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates______
Athe degree to which a country’s production is robotized
Ba reduction in a country’s manufacturing industries
Ca worsening relationship between labor and management
Dthe difference between a developed country and a developing country
2According to the author in coming 25years a developed country or industry in order t remain competitive ought to ______
Areduce the percentage of the bluecollar work force
Bpreserve blue – collar jobs for international competition
Caccelerate motor – can manufacturing in Henry Ford’s style
Dsolve the problem of unemployment
3American politicians and labor leaders tend to dislike_____
Aconfusion in manufacturing economy
Ban increase in blue – collar work force
Cinternal competition in manufacturing production
Da drop in the blue – collar job opportunities
4The word prescription in a prescription for unemployment may be the equivalent to ______
Asomething recommended as medical treatment
Ba way suggested to overcome some difficulty
Csome measures taken in advance
Da device to dire
5This passage may have been excepted from ________
Aa magazine about capital investment
Ban article on automation
Ca motorcar magazine
Dan article on global economy
第41篇答案:AADCD
第42篇:(Unit 11Passage 2)
What does the future hold for the problem of housing A good deal depends of course on the meaning of future If one is thinking in terms of science fiction and the space age it is at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing Writers of science fiction from HG Wells onwards have had little to say on the subject They have conveyed the suggestion that men will live in great comfort with every conceivable apparatus to make life smooth healthy and easy if not happy But they have not said what his house will be made of Perhaps
some new building material as yet unimagined will have been discovered or invented at least One may be certain that bricks and mortar(泥灰灰浆) will long have gone out of fashion
But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined Scientists have already pointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the world’s rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both) millions of people will be dying of starvation or at the best suffering from underfeeding before this century is out But nobody has yet worked out any plan for housing these growing populations Admittedly the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world where housing can be light structure or in backward areas where standards are traditionally low But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind and in the teeming bulging towns the lowstandard housing of flattened petrol cans and dirty canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated
Since the war Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to arise in many other places during the next generation Literally millions of refugees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor(肮脏)and disease and the spread crime The city is tackling the situation energetically and enormous blocks of tenements(贫民住宅)are rising at an astonishing aped But Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not merely a housing problem because when population grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education transport hospital services drainage water supply and so on Not every area may give the same resources as Hong Kong to draw upon and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease
1What is the author’s opinion of housing problems in the first paragraph
AThey may be completely solved at sometime in the future
BThey are unimportant and easily dealt with
CThey will not be solved until a new building material has been discovered
DThey have been dealt with in specific detail in books describing the future
2The writer is sure that in the distant future ___
Abricks and mortar will be replaced by some other building material
Ba new building material will have been invented
Cbricks and mortar will not be used by people who want their house to be fashionable
Da new way of using bricks and mortar will have been discovered
3The writer believes that the biggest problem likely to confront the world before the end of the century ___
Ais difficult to foresee
Bwill be how to feed the ever growing population
Cwill be how to provide enough houses in the hottest parts of the world
Dis the question of finding enough ground space
4When the writer says that the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world or in backward areas he is referring to the fact that in these parts ___
Astandards of building are low
Bonly minimum shelter will be possible
Cthere is not enough ground space
Dthe population growth will be the greatest
5Which of the following sentences best summarizes Paragraph 3
AHong Kong has faced a serious crisis caused by millions of refugees
BHong Kong has successfully dealt with the emergency caused by millions of refugees
CHong Kong’s crisis was not only a matter of housing but included a number of other problems of population growth
DMany parts of the world may have to face the kind of problems encountered by Hong Kong and may find it much harder to deal with them
第四十二篇答案:AABDD
第四十三篇:(Unit 11 Passage 3)
It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as hard the social sciences as soft and the biological sciences as somewhere in between This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical system is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems In terms of our capacity of sample the relevant universes however and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable We are able to sample earth’s social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated Our knowledge of social systems therefore while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning spending organizing marrying taking part in political activities fighting and so on is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived form the social sciences even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience
In contrast our image of the astronomical universe or even if earth’s geological history ca easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data come in and new theories are worked out If we define the security of our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes then we would reverse the order for hardness and as the most secure the physical sciences as the least secure and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its recordkeeping is trivial records of biological systems Records of the astronomical universe despite the fact that we learnt things as they were long age are limited in the extreme
Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon which we have actually visited theories about its origin and history are extremely different contradictory and hard to choose among Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and insecure
1The word paradox (Line 1 Para 1) means _____
Aimplication Bcontradiction
Cinterpretation Dconfusion
2Accroding to the author we should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as hard and the social sciences as soft because _______
Aa reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciences
Bour knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systems
Cour understanding of the social systems is approximately correct
Dwe are better able to investigate social phenomena than physical phenomena
3The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because______
Ait is not based on personal experience
Bnew discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciences
Cit is based on a fairly representative quantity of data
Dthe records of social systems are more reliable
4The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggest because _____
Acontradictory theories keep emerging all the time
Bnew information is constantly coming in
Cthe direction of their development is difficult to predict
Dour knowledge of the physical world is inaccurate
5We know less about the astronomical universe than we don about any social system because ______
Atheories of its origin and history are varied
Bour knowledge of it is highly insecure
Conly a very small sample of it has been observed
Dfew scientists are involved in the study of astronomy
第43篇答案:ACDAD
第44篇:(Unit 11 Passage 4)
The promise of finding longterm technological solutions to the problem of world food shortages seems difficult to fulfill Many innovations that were once heavily supported and publicized have since fallen by the wayside The proposals themselves were technically feasible but they proved to be economically unviable and to yield food products culturally unacceptable to their consumers
One characteristic common to unsuccessful food innovations has been that even with extensive government support they often have not been technologically adapted or culturally acceptable to the people for whom they had been developed A successful new technology therefore must fit the entire social cultural system in which it is to find a place Security of crop yield practicality of storage and costs are much more significant than previously been realized by the advocates of new technologies
The adoption of new food technologies depends on more than these technical and cultural considerations economic factors and governmental policies also strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation Economists in the AngloAmerican tradition have taken the lead in investigating the economics of technological innovation Although they exaggerate in claiming that profitability is the key factor guiding technical change—they completely disregard the substantial effects of culture—they are correct in stressing the importance of profits Most technological innovations in agriculture can be fully used only by large landowners and are only adopted if these profitoriented business people believe that the innovation will increase their incomes Thus innovations that carry high rewards for big agribusiness groups will be adopted even if they harm segments of the population and reduce the availability of food in a country Further should a new technology promise to alter substantially the profits and losses associated with any production system those with economic power will strive to maintain and improve their own positions Therefore although technical advances in food production and processing will perhaps be needed to ensure food availability meeting food needs will depend much more on equalizing economic power among the various segments of the populations within the developing countries themselves
1The passage mentions all of the following as factors important to the success of a new food crop except the ___
Apracticality of storage of the crop
Bsecurity of the crop yield
Cquality of the crop’s protein
Dcultural acceptability of the crop
2The author suggests that in most emerging countries extensive government intervention accompanying the introduction of a food innovation will ___
Ausually be sufficient to guarantee the financial success of the innovation
Bbe necessary to ensure that the benefits of the innovation will be spread throughout the society
Cnormally occur only when the innovation favors large landowners
Dgenerally cost the country more than will be earned by the innovation
3The first paragraph of the passage best supports which of the following statements
AToo much publicity can harm the chances for the success of a new food innovation
BInnovations that produce culturally acceptable crops will generally be successful
CA foodproduct innovation can be technically feasible and still not be economically viable
DIt is difficult to decide whether a foodproduct innovation has actually been a success
4The author provides a sustained argument to uphold which of the following assertions
AProfitability is neither necessary nor sufficient for a new technology to be adopted
BProfitability is the key factor guiding technological change
CEconomic factors and governmental policies strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation
DInnovations carrying high rewards for big agribusiness groups harm the poor
5The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss the ___
Ameans of assessing the extent of the world food shortage
Bdifficulties of applying technological solutions to the problem of food shortages
Ccosts of introducing a new food technology into a developing country
Dnature of the new technological innovations in the area of food production
第四十四篇答案:CBCCB
第四十五篇:(Unit 12Passage 1)
What most people don’t realize is that wealth isn’t the same as income If you make 1 million a year and spend 1 million you’re not getting wealthier you’re just living high Wealth is what you accumulate not what you spend
The most successful accumulators of wealth spend far less than they can afford on houses cars vacations and entertainment Why Because these things offer little or no return The wealthy would rather put their money into investments or their businesses It’s an attitude
Millionaires understand that when you buy a luxury house you buy a luxury life –style too Your property taxes skyrocket along with the cost of utilities and insurance and the prices of nearby services such as grocery stores tend to be higher
The rich man’s attitude can also be seen in his car Many drive old unpretentious sedans Sam Walton billionaire founder of the Wal – Mart Store Inc drove a pickup truck
Most millionaires measure success by net worth not income Instead of taking their money home they plow as much as they can into their businesses stock portfolios and other assets Why Because the government doesn’t tax wealth it taxes income you bring home for consumption the more the government taxes
The person who piles up net worth fastest tends to put every dollar he can into investments not consumption All the while of course he’s reinvesting his earnings from investments and watching his net worth soar That’s the attitude as well
The best wealthbuilders pay careful attention to their money and seek professional advice Those who spend heavily on cars boats and buses I’ve found tend to skimp on investment advice Those who skimp on the luxuries are usually more willing to pay top dollar for good legal and financial advice
The selfmade rich develop clear goals for their money They may wish to retire early or they may want to leave an estate to their children The goals vary but two things are consistent they have a dollar figure in mindthe amount they want to save by age 50 perhaps – and they work unceasingly toward that goal
One thing may surprise you If you make wealth – not just income – your goal the luxury house you’ve been dreaming about won’t seem so alluring You’ll have the attitude
1Which of the following statements is true
AWealth is judged according to the life style one has
BInheritance builds an important part in one’s wealth
CHigh income may make one live high and get rich t the same time
DWealth is more of what one has made than anything else
2By the author’s opinion those who spend money on luxury houses and cars_____
Awill not be taxed by the government
Bhave accumulated wealth in another sense
Clive high and have little saved
Dcan show that they are among the rich
3The rich put their money into business because_____
Athey can get much in return to build their wealth
Bthey are not interested in luxury houses and cars
Ctheir goal is to develop their company
Dthat is the only way to spend money yet not to be taxed by the government
4The US government doesn’t tax what you spend money on _____
Acars Bhouses Cstock Dboats
5To become wealthy one should______
Aseek as much income as he can
Bwork hard unceasingly
Cstick to the way he lives
Dsave up his earnings
第45篇答案:DCACB
第46篇:(Unit 12Passage 2)
It being not only possible but even easy to predict which tenyearold boys are at greatest risk of growing up to be persistent offenders what are we doing with the information Just about the last thing that we should do is to wait until their troubles have escalated in adolescence and then attack them with the provisions of the new Criminal Justice Bill
If this bill becomes law magistrates will have the power to impose residential care orders More young people will be drawn into institutional life when all the evidence shows that this worsens rather than improves their prospects The introduction of short sharp shocks in detention centers will simply give more young people a taste of something else they don’t need the whole regime of detention centers is one of toughening delinquents and if you want to train someone to be antiestablishment I can’t think of a better way to do it says the writer of this report
The Cambridge Institute of Criminology comes up with five key factors that are likely to make for delinquency a low income family a large family parents deemed by social workers to be bad at raising children parents who themselves have a criminal record and low intelligence in the child Not surprisingly the factors tend to overlap Of the 63 boys in the sample who had at least three of them when they were ten half became juvenile delinquents—compared with only a fifth of the sample as a whole
Three more factors make the prediction more accurate being judged troublesome by teachers at the age of ten having a father with at least two criminal convictions and having another member of the family with a criminal record Of the 35 men who had at least two of these factors in their background 18 became persistent delinquents and 8 more were in trouble with the law
Among those key factors far and away the most important was having a parent with a criminal record even if that had been acquired in the distant past even though very few parents did other than condemn delinquent behavior in their children
The role of the schools emerges as extremely important The most reliable prediction of all on the futures of boys came from teachers’ ratings of how troublesome they were at the age of ten If the information is there in the classroom there must be a response that brings more attention to those troublesome children a search for things to give them credit for other than academic achievement a refusal to allow them to go on playing truant and a fostering of ambition and opportunity which should start early in their school careers
1According to the author delinquency should be tackled ___
Abefore adolescence
Bduring institutional treatment
Cduring adolescence
Dwhen the problem becomes acute
2The number of young offenders could be reduced by the way of ___
Anew legal measures
Bbetter residential care
Cbrief periods of harsh punishment
Dexamination of their backgrounds
3What is the outcome result of putting young offenders into detention centers
AThey become more violent
BThey receive useful training
CThey become used to institutions
DThey turn against society
4Tenyearold children likely to become offenders are usually___
Aspoilt children from small families
Bbright children in a poor family
Cdull children with many brothers and sisters
Dchildren whose parents have acquired wealth dishonestly
5The writer concludes that potential offenders could be helped by ___
Aspending more time at school
Bmore encouragement at school
Cmore activities outside school
Dstricter treatment from teachers
第46篇答案:ADDCB
第47篇:(Unit 12Passage 3)
Personality is to large extent inherent Atype parents usually bring Atype offspring But the environment must also have a profound effect since if competition is important to the parents it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school which is by its very nature a highly competitive institution Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a twolayer system in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their type B fellows Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences remember that Pheidippides the first marathon runner dropped dead seconds after saying Rejoice we conquer
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful
Obviously it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B’s The world needs types and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to hide possible future employment It is top management
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened more time might be spent teaching children surer values Perhaps selection for the caring professions especially medicine could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock B’s are important and should be encouraged
1In Paragraph 2 Line 2 the word institution refers to ___
Aestablishment
Bsocial custom
Claw
Dschool
2According to the passage Atype individuals are in most cases ___
Aimpatient
Bconsiderate
Caggressive
Dagreeable
3The author strongly objects to the practice of examination at schools because ___
Athe pressure is too great on the students
Bsome students are bound to fail
Cfailure rates are too high
Dthe results of examinations are doubtful
4The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ___
Acandidates’ sensitivity
Bacademic achievements
Ccompetitive spirit
Dsurer values
5From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ___
Athe personality of a child is well established at birth
Bfamily influence dominates the shaping of one’s characteristics
Cthe development of one’s personality is due to multiple factors
DBtype characteristics can find no place in a competitive society
第47篇答案:DCBBC
第48篇:(Unit 12Passage 4)
The word religion is derived from the Latin noun religio which denotes both earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence In modern usage religion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted At one extreme many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as a religion understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of their tradition Although many believers stop short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition they may nevertheless use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for example true love of God or the path of enlightenment At the other extreme religion may be equated with ignorance fanaticism or wishful thinking
By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be Religion is not an object with a single fixed meaning or even a zone with clear boundaries It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect incorporate or transcend other aspects of life and society Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only) or to church structure which are not universal For example in tribal societies religion unlike the Christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervades the whole of public and private life In Buddhism gods are not as central as the idea of a Buddha In many traditional cultures the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief Because of this variety some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life
Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics Religion includes patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought It is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture and it is sometimes an integral part of a culture Religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols dance and performance elaborate philosophical systems legendary and imaginative stories formal ceremonies and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law Each of these elements assumes innumerable cultural forms In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environments
1What is the passage mainly concerned about
AReligion has a variety of interpretation
BReligion is a reflection of ignorance
CReligion is not only confined to the Christian categories
DReligion includes all kinds of activities
2What does the word observance probably convey in Para 1
Anotice
Bwatching
Cconformity
Dexperience
3According to the passage what people generally consider religion to be
AFantastic observance
BSpiritual practice
CIndividual observance of tradition
DA complex of activities
4Which of the following is not true
AIt is believed by some that religion should be what it ought to be
BThe path of enlightenment is a definition that the author doesn’t agree to
CAccording to the author the committed believers define religion improperly
DThe author doesn’t speak in favor of the definition of the sacred
5Which of the following is religion according to the passage
APerformance of human beings
BBuddha monotheism and some tribal tradition
CPractice separated from culture
DAll the above
第48篇答案:ACBDB
第49篇:(Unit 13Passage 1)
You stare at waterfall for a minute or two and then shift your gaze to its surroundings What you now see appears to drift upward
These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the body’s sensors and interpreting what must be happening—that your brain must have moved not the other that downward motions is now normal so a change from it must now be perceived as upward motion
The sensors that make this magic are of two kinds Each eye contains about 120 million rods which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision These are the windows of night vision once adapted to the dark they can detect a candle burning ten miles away
Color vision in each eye comes from six to seven million structures called cones Under ideal conditions every cone can see the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors but one type of cone is most sensitive to red another to green a third to blue
Rods and cones send their messages pulsing an average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve We see an image for a fraction of a second longer than it actually appears In movies reels of still photographs are projected onto screens at 24 frames per second tricking our eyes into seeing a continuous moving picture
Like apparent motion color vision is also subject to unusual effects When day gives way to night twilight brings what the poet TS Eliot called the violet hour A light levels fall the rods become progressively less responsive Rods are most sensitive to the shorter wavelengths of blue and green and they impart a strange vividness to the garden’s blue flowers
However look at a white shirt during the reddish light of sunset and you’ll still see it in its true color—white not red Our eyes are constantly comparing an object against its surroundings They therefore observe the effect of a shift in the color of illuminating on both and adjust accordingly
The eyes can distinguish several million graduations of light and shade of color Each waking second they flash tens of millions of pieces of information to the brain which weaves them incessantly into a picture of the world around us
Yet all this is done at the back of each eye by a fabric of sensors called the retina about as wide and as thick as a postage stamp As the Renaissance inventor and artist Leonardo da Vinci wrote in wonder Who would believe that so small a space could contain the images of all the universe
1Visual illusions often take place when the image of reality is ___
Amatched to six to seven million structures called cones
Bconfused in the body’s sensors of both rods and cones
Cinterpreted in the brain as what must be the case
Dsignaled by about 120 million rods in the eye
2The visual sensor that is capable of distinguishing shades of color is called ___
Acones
Bcolor vision
Crods
Dspectrum
3The retina send pulses to the brain ___
Ain short wavelengths
Bas color pictures
Cby a ganglion cell
Dalong the optic nerve
4Twentyfour still photographs are made into a continuous moving picture just because ___
Athe image we see usually stays longer than it actually appears
Bwe see an object in comparison with its surroundings
Cthe eyes catch million pieces of information continuously
Drods and cones send messages 20 to 25 times a second
5The author’s purpose in writing the passage lies in ___
Ashowing that we sometimes are deceived by our own eyes
Binforming us about the different functions of the eye organs
Cregretting that we are too slow in the study of eyes
Dmarveling at the great work done by the retina
第49篇答案:CADAB
第50篇:(Unit 13Passage 2)
Art is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative means of giving pleasure This is not always the case however at times art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose
According to Navaho traditions one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in come way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural—perhaps a certain animal a ghost or the dead To counteract this evil contact the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a singer to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being
During the ceremony which may last from 2 to 9 days the singer will produce a sandpainting on the floor of the Navaho hogan On the last day of the ceremony the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the singer will rub the ailing parts of the patient’s body with sand from a specific figure in the sandpainting In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it After the ceremony the sandpainting is then destroyed and disposed of so its power will not harm anyone
The art of sandpainting is handed down from old singer to their students The material used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit brown red yellow and white sandstone which is pulverized by being crushed between 2 stones much as corns is ground into flour The singer holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and forefinger onto a clean flat surface on the floor With a steady hand and great patience he is thus able to create designs of stylized people snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system The traditional Navaho does not allow reproduction of sandpaintings since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this however such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft
1The purpose of the passage is to ___
Adiscuss the medical uses of sandpaintings in medieval Europe
Bstudy the ways Navaho Indians handed down their painting art
Cconsider how Navaho singer treat their ailments with sandpaintings
Dtell how Navaho Indians apply sandpainting for medical purposes
2The purpose of a healing ceremony lies in ___
Apleasing the ghosts
Battracting supernatural powers
Cattracting the ghosts
Dcreating a sandpainting
3The singer rubs sand on the patient because ___
Athe patient receives strength from the sand
Bit has pharmaceutical value
Cit decorates the patient
Dnone of the above
4What is used to produce a sandpainting
APaint
BBeach sand
CCrushed sandstone
DFlour
5Which of the following titles will be best suit the passage
AA New Direction for Medical Research
BThe Navaho Indians’ Sandpainting
CThe Process of Sandpainting Creation
DThe Navaho Indians’ Medical History
第50篇答案:DBACB
第51篇:(Unit 13Passage 3)
With the start of BBC World Service Television millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage as well as listen to it
And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune into two BBC television channels five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations They are brought sport comedy music news and current affairs education religion parliamentary coverage children’s programs and films for an annual license fee of 83 per household
It is a remarkable record stretching back over 70 years—yet the BBC’s future is now in doubt The Corporation will survive as a publiclyfunded broadcasting organization at least for the time being but its role its size and its programs are now the subject of a nationwide debate in Britain
The debate was launched by the government which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC—including ordinary listeners and viewers—to say what was good or bad about the Corporation and even whether they thought if it was worth keeping The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC’s royal charters runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is or to make changes
Defenders of the Corporation—of whom there are many—are fond of quoting the American slogan If it ain’t broke don’t fix it The BBC ain’t broke they say by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word broke meaning having no money) or why bother to change it
Yet the BBC will have to change because the broadcasting world around it is changing The commercial TV channels—ITV and Channel 4—were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial competing with each other for advertisers and cutting costs and jobs But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest change in the long term
1The world famous BBC now is confronted with ___
Athe problem of news coverage
Ban uncertain prospect
Cinquiries by the general public
Dshrinkage of audience
2In the passage which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue
AExtension of its TV service to Far East
BPrograms as the subject of a nationwide debate
CPotentials for further international cooperations
DIts existence as a broadcasting organization
3The BBC’s royal charter (Paragraph 4) represents ___
Athe financial support from the royal family
Bthe privileges granted by the Queen
Ca contract with the Queen
Da unique relationship with the royal family
4The word broke in If it ain’t broke don’t fix it means ___
Abroke down
Bbankrupt
Cfragmented
Dpenniless
5The first and foremost reason why the BBC has to read just itself is no other than ___
Athe emergence of commercial TV channels
Bthe enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government
Cthe urgent necessity to reduce cost—and—job expenses
Dthe challenges of new satellite channels
第51篇答案:BCCDD
第52篇:(Unit 13Passage 4)
Federal Reserve System central banking system of the United States popularly called the Fed A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government it also issues the national currency conducts monetary policy and plays a major role in the supervision and regulation of banks and bank holding companies In the US these function are the responsibilities of key officials of the Federal Reserve System the Board of Governors located in Washington DC and the top officers of 12 district Federal Reserve banks located throughout the nation The Fed’s actions described below generally have a significant effect on US interest rates and subsequently on stock bond and other financial markets
The Federal Reserve’s basic powers are concentrated in the Board of Governors which is paramount in all policy issues concerning bank regulation and supervision and in most aspects of monetary control The board enunciates the Fed’s policies on both monetary and banking matter Because the board is not an operating agency most of the dayto day implementation of policy decisions is left to the district Federal Reserve banks stock in which is owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System Ownership in this instance however does not imply control the Board of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient their policies to the public interest rather than to the benefit of the private banking system
The US banking system’s regulatory apparatus is complex the authority of the Federal Reserve is shared in some instances for example in mergers or the examination of banks with other Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) In the critical area of regulating the nation’s money supply in accordance with national economic goals however the Federal Reserve is independent within the government Income and expenditures of the Federal Reserve banks and of the board of governors are not subject to the congressional appropriation process the Federal Reserve is selffinancing Its income (202 billion in 1992) comes mainly from Reserve bank holdings of incomeearning securities primarily those of the US government Outlays (15 billion in 1992) are mostly for operational expenses in providing services to the government and for expenditures connected with regulation and monetary policy In 1992 the Federal Reserve returned 4168 billion in earnings to the US treasury
1The Fed of the United States ___
Afunction as China Bank
Bis the counterpart of People’s Bank of China
Cis subjected to the banking community and government
Dhas 13 top officers who can influence the American financial market
2The fact that stock in the Fed belongs to commercial banks ___
Adoesn’t mean the latter is in control
Bmeans the latter is in control
Cmeans the latter is subjected to the Reserve banks
Dmeans the Reserve banks orient the latter’s policies
3Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage
AThe fed is a very big complex and significant system which comprises many local banks
BAll the commercial banks are not the components of Federal Reserve System
CBoard of governors is the supreme policymakers of America
DDistrict Reserve banks rather than Board of governors perform the daytoday policies
4The authority of the federal Reserve ___
Ahas to be shared with other establishments
Bis exclusive at other times
Cisn’t limited by comptroller of the Currency and FDIC
Dis limited by Board of governors
5Income of the Board of governors ___
Ais borrowed from the US treasury
Bis used by the government to make various policies
Ccomes from the US Treasury
Dis not granted by the government
第52篇答案:BACBD
第53篇:(Unit 14Passage 1)
The food irradiation process is a simple one The new US plant Vindicator of Florida Incorporated in Mulberry Fla uses a material called cobalt 60 to irradiate food Cobalt 60 is radioactive isotope (form) of th
e metallic element cobalt Cobalt 60 which gives off radiation in the form of gamma rays is also used for radiation therapy for cancer patients and for sterilizing hospital equipment The radioactive isotope is created by bombarding cobalt with subatomic particles in a nuclear reactor However irradiation plants do not themselves contain nuclear reactors
In the irradiation plant food is exposed to thin rods of cobalt 60 The rods give off gamma rays which disrupt chemical processes in contaminating organisms The disruption breaks down the cell walls of organisms or destroys their genetic material The dose set by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is enough to kill organisms on food but not enough to produce significant changes in the food itself
Although irradiation slightly decreases the nutritive value of foods the loss is less than that produced by some other methods of food preservation Canning for example results in a much greater loss of nutrients
Those who object to irradiation say that the process may create substances not found in nonirradiated food Since the 1960’s researchers have studied irradiated food at microscopic levels to try to find such substances called unique radiolytic products After reviewing these studies the FDA determined that compounds formed during irradiation are similar to substance found in nonirradiated foods and are not dangerous to consume
Destruction of microorganisms that cause illness is an important goal of irradiation About 250 million cases of food poisoning or 1 per person—occur every year in the US according to FDA estimates Food poisoning can cause vomiting diarrhea fever headache—and occasionally death
Because of the apparent safety of food irradiation and the problems presented by contaminated food scientific groups—including the American Medical Association the World Health Organization and the United Nations food and Agriculture Association—have voiced nearly universal support for the process Worldwide 38 nations have approved irradiation for 355 products
Like microwave ovens food irradiation has aroused apprehension and misunderstanding Yet it has been scrutinized more thoroughly than other methods of food treatment that we have come to regard as safe and it appears to be a method whose time has come
1Cobalt 60 besides irradiating food is also employed to ___
Adetect metallic flaws
Brun a nuclear reactor
Ccure cancer patients
Dstrengthen concrete walls
2Gamma rays used to irradiate food ___
Aare generally not strong enough to destroy contaminating organisms
Bdo not bring about significant changes in the food itself
Cmay destroy some of the nutrients in the food
Dshould be submitted to FDA for approval
3Irradiated food ___
Acertainly loses its nutritive value
Bmaintains its nutritive value no different from the nonirradiated
Ckeeps its nutritive value better than canned food
Dis recommended as the best of all preserved foods
4With cases of food poisoning increasing ___
Afood irradiation should be carried out with care
Bit is more urgent to irradiate foods
Cmedical researches into treatment of the diseased should be strengthened
DAmericans are beginning to accept food irradiation
5The passage may be taken from ___
Aa news report
Ba textbook of food processing
Ca book of popular science
Da manual of food irradiation
第53篇答案:CBCCD
第54篇:(Unit 14Passage 2)
Until recently women in advertisements wore one of three things—an apron a glamorous dress or a frown Although that is now changing many women still feel angry enough to deface offending advertisements with stickers protesting This ad degrades women Why does this sort of advertising exist How can advertisers and ad agencies produce sometimes after months of research advertising that offends the consumer
The Advertising Standards Authority (the body which deals with complaints about print media) is carrying out research into how women feel about the way they are portrayed in advertisements Its conclusions are likely to be what the advertising industry already knows although women often irritated by the way they are seen in ads few feel strongly enough to complain
Women are not the only victims of poor and boring stereotypes—in many TV commercials men are seen either as useless childish oafs who are unable to perform the simplest household tasks or as in considerate boors permanently on the lookout for an escape to the pub But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industry’s apparent inability to put people into an authentic presentday context
Yet according to Emma Bennett executive creative director of a London advertising agency women are not infuriated by stereotypes and sexist advertising It tends to wash over them they are not militant or angry—they just find it annoying or tiresome They reluctantly accept outdated stereotypes but heave a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right
She says that it is not advertising’s use of the housewife role that bothers women but the way in which it is handles Researchers have often asked the wrong questions The most important thing is the advertisement’s tone of voice Women hate being patronized flattered or given desperately downtoearth commonsense advice
In the end the responsibility for good advertising must be shared between the advertiser the advertising agency and the consumer Advertising does not set trends but it reflects them It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail and until people on the receiving end take the business seriously and make their feelings known the process of change will remain laboriously slow
1Despite recent changes in attitudes some advertisements still fail to ___
Achange women’s opinions of themselves
Bshow any understanding of people’s feelings
Cpersuade the public to buy certain products
Dmeet the needs of the advertising industry
2According to the writer the commonest fault of present day advertising is to ___
Acondemn the role of the housewife
Bignore protests about advertisements
Cpresent a misleading image of women
Dmisrepresent the activities of men
3Research suggests that the reaction of women towards misrepresentation by advertisement is ___
Aapathy
Bhostility
Capprobation
Dunbelief
4Emma Bennett suggests that advertisement ought to ___
Agive further emphasis to practical advice
Bchange their style rather than their content
Cuse male images instead of female ones
Dpay more compliments to women than before
5Ultimately the advertising industry should ___
Atake its job more earnestly
Bdo more pioneering work
Ctake notice of the public opinion
Dconcentrate on the products advertised
第54篇答案:BCABC
第55篇:(Unit 14Passage 3)
Pronouncing a language is a skill Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages Now there are many reasons for this some obvious some perhaps not so obvious But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill—one that needs careful training of a special kind and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself I think even teachers of language while recognizing the importance of good accent tend to neglect in their practical teaching the branch of study concerned with speaking the language So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student feel that there is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention So there should be occasions when other aspects of English such as grammar or spelling are allowed for the moment to take second place
Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation there are two other requirements for the teacher the first knowledge the second technique
It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information This can generally be obtained from books It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech and of what we call general phonetic theory It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages between the speech habits of English people and those say of your students Unless the teacher has such a picture any comments he may make on his students pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted
1What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages
AOnly a few people are really proficient
BNo one is really an expert in the skill
CThere aren’t many people who are even fairly good
DThere are even some people who are moderately proficient
2The writer argues that going about the problem of pronunciation in the wrong ways ___
Aan obvious cause of not grasping the problem correctly
Ba fundamental consequence of not speaking well
Ca consequence of not grasping the problem correctly
Dnot an obvious cause of speaking poorly
3The best way of learning to speak a foreign language he suggests is by ___
Apicking it up naturally as a child
Blearning from a native speaker
Cnot concentrating on pronunciation much
Dundertaking systematic work
4The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends upon ___
Ahow closely he attends to the matter
Bwhether it is English that is being taught
Chis teacher’s approach to pronunciation
Dthe importance normally given to grammar and spelling
5How might the teacher find himself wasting lesson time
ABy spending lesson time on pronunciation
BBy making illinformed comments upon pronunciation
CBy not using books on phonetics in the classroom
DBy not giving students a clear mental picture of the different between sounds
第55篇答案:CCDCB
第56篇:(Unit 14Passage 4)
Work is a very important part of life in the United States When the early Protestant immigrants came to this country they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven This attitude the Protestant work ethic still influences America today Work is not only important for economic benefits the salary but also for social and psychological needs the feeling of doing something for the good of the society Americans spend most of their lives working being productive For most Americans their work defines them they are what they do What happens then when a person can no longer work
Most Americans stop working at age sixtyfive or seventy and retire Because work is such an important part of life in this culture retirement can be very difficult Retirees often feel that they are useless and unproductive Of course some people are happy to retire but leaving one’s job whatever it is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring Many retirees do not know how to use their time or they feel lost without jobs
Retirement can also bring financial problems Many people rely on Social Security checks every month During their working years employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government When people retire they receive this money as income These checks do not provide enough money to live on however because prices are increasing very rapidly Senior citizens those over sixtyfive have to have savings in the bank or other retirement plans to make ends meet The rate of inflation is forcing prices higher each year Social Security checks alone cannot cover Medicare (health care) and welfare (general assistance) but many senior citizens have to change their lifestyles after retirement They have to spend carefully to be sure that they can afford to but food fuel and other necessities
Of course many senior citizens are happy with retirement They have time to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies Some continue to work part time others do volunteer work Some like those in the Retired Business Executives Association even help young people to get started in new business Many retired citizens also belong to Golden Age groups These organizations plan trips and social events There are many opportunities for retirees
Americans society is only beginning to be concerned about the special physical and emotional needs of its senior citizens The government is taking steps to ease the problem of limited income They are building new housing offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses and providing other services such as free courses food service and help with housework Retired citizens are a rapidly growing percentage of the population This part of the population is very important and we must respond to their needs After all every citizen will be a senior citizen some day
1The early immigrants considered work ___
Atoo hard
Bimportant
Cpleasant
Ddull
2Why do Americans like working Because working ___
Adoesn’t only mean money but it is also psychological
Bcan make life more comfortable
Ccan prove people to be independent
Dgives people funny
3We can safely put forward that retirees who ___
Ahave no financial problems still want to earn more money
Bhave financial problems still feel lost
Chave no financial problems still feel lost
Dhave no financial problems feels it’s hard to make ends meet
4According to the passage the government ___
Ahadn’t paid attention to the retirees’ problems
Bhas already solved a lot of retirees’ problems
Chas just begun to pay attention to the retirees’ problems
Dwon’t pay attention to the retirees’ problems
5Which of the following is not steps taken for the benefit of senior citizens by the government
ANew housing has been built
BThe old are offered discounts in stores
CSenior citizens are provided free courses food service
DNone
第56篇答案:BACCD
第57篇:(Unit 15 Passage 1)
If we look at education in our own society we see two sharply different factors First of all there is the overwhelming majority of teachers principals curriculum planners school superintendents who are devoted to passing on the knowledge that children need in order to live in our industrialized society Their chief concern is with efficiency that is with implanting the greatest number of facts into the greatest possible number of children with a minimum of time expense and effort
Classroom learning often has as its unspoken goal the reward of pleasing the teacher Children in the usual classroom learn very quickly that creativity is punished while repeating a memorized response is rewarded and concentrate on what the teacher wants them to say rather than understanding the problem
The difference between the intrinsic and the extrinsic aspects of a college education is illustrated by the following story about Upton Sinclair When Sinclair was a young man he found that he was unable to raise the tuition money needed to attend college Upon careful reading of the college catalogue however he found that if a student failed a course he received no credit for the course but was obliged to take another course in its place The college did not charge the student for the second course reasoning that he had already paid once for his credit Sinclair took advantage of this policy and not a free education by deliberately failing all his courses
In the ideal college there would be no credits no degrees and no required courses A person would learn what he wanted to learn A friend and I attempted to put this ideal into action by starting a serials of seminars at Brandeis called Freshman Seminars Introduction to the Intellectual Life In the ideal college intrinsic education would be available to anyone who wanted it—since anyone can improve and learn The student body might include creative intelligent children as well as adults morons as well as geniuses (for even morons can learn emotionally and spiritually) The college would be ubiquitous—that is not restricted to particular buildings at particular times and teachers would be any human beings who had something that they wanted to share with others The college would be lifelong for learning can take place all through life Even dying can be a philosophically illuminating highly educative experience
The ideal college would be a kind of education retreat in which you could try to find yourself find out what you like and want what you are and are not good at The chief goals of the ideal college in other words would be the discovery of identity and with it the discovery of vocation
1In the author’s opinion the majority of education workers ___
Aemphasize independent thought rather than wellmemorized responses
Btend to reward children with better understanding rather than with a goal for credits
Cimplant children with a lot of facts at the expense of understanding the problem
Dare imaginative creative and efficient in keeping up with our industrialized society
2Children in the usual classroom learn very quickly when ___
Athey are required to repeat what teacher has said
Bthey read books that are not assigned by the teacher
Cthey know how to behave themselves in face of the teacher
Dthey can memorize the greatest number of facts in the shortest period of time
3An extrinsically oriented education is one that ___
Afocuses on oriented education
Btakes students’ need into account
Clays emphases on earning a degree
Demphasizes learning through discussion
4To enter the author’s ideal college a student ___
Ahas to pass an enrollment exam
Bshould be very intelligent
Cneedn’t worry about homework
Dcan be best stimulated for creative work
5The author’s purpose of writing the article is ___
Ato advocate his views
Bto criticize college students
Cto stress selfteaching attitude
Dto put technological education to a later stage
第57篇答案:CACCA
第58篇:(Unit 15 Passage 2)
Culture is the total sum of all the traditions customs beliefs and ways of life of a given group og human beings In this sense every group has a culture however savage undeveloped or uncivilized it may seem to us
To the professional anthropologist there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage undeveloped forms of speech consisting largely of grunts and groans While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans it is a fact established by the study of backward languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today Most languages of uncivilized groups are by our most severe standards extremely complex delicate and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures which usually fully adequate for all language needs but only in their vocabularies which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers Even in this department however two things are to be noted 1 All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system 2 The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in backward languages while different from ours are often surprisingly numerous and complicated An accidental language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (this and that) some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker or to the person addressed or removed from both or out of sight or in the past or in the future
This study of language in turn casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all culture are to be viewed independently and without ideas of rank or hierarchy
1the language of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limited in ___
Asound patterns
Bvocabularies
Cgrammatical structures
Dboth A and B
2The author says that professional linguists recognize that ___
AWestern languages are superior to Eastern languages
BAll languages came from grunts and groans
CThe hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand
DThere is no hierarchy of languages
3The article states that gruntandgroan forms of speech are found ___
Anowhere today
Bamong the Australian aborigines
Camong Eastern cultures
Damong people speaking backward languages
4According to the author languages whether civilized or not have ___
Athe potential for expanding vocabulary
Btheir own sound patterns
Can ability to transfer ideas
Dgrammatical structures
5Which of the following is implied but not articulated in the passage
AThe study of languages has discredited anthropological studies
BThe study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultures
CThe study of language is the same as the study of anthropologists
DThe study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists
第58篇答案:BDAAB
第59篇:(Unit 15 Passage 3)
Most people would probably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either career of sexual terms or
both is obvious adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life
An advert for a science fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this In addition to the primary use value of the magazine the reader is promised access to a wonderful universe through the product—access to other mysterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs the realms of the imagination When studying advertising it is therefore unreasonable to expect readers to decipher adverts as factual statements about reality Most adverts are just too meagre in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestive detail to be read literally If people read then literally they would soon be forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize
The average consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement for this is what he is used to in life the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain But the fantasy is his to keep in his dream world he enjoys a future endlessly deferred
The Estivalia advert is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows us not reality but a fantasy it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way that insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to reality—Estivalia which is for daydream believers those who refuse to give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony come true
If adverts function on the daydream level it clearly becomes in adequate to merely condemn advertising for channeling readers’ attention and desires towards an unrealistic paradisiacal nowhere land Advertising certainly does that but in order for people to find it relevant the utopia visualized in adverts must be linked to our surrounding reality by a casual connection
1The people in adverts are in most coves ___
Ahappy and glamorous
Bsuccessful
Cobvious
Dboth A and B
2When the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize the average consumer is not surprised because ___
AThe consumer is used to the fact that the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain
BAdverts are factual statements about reality
CThe consumer can come into the realms of imagination pictured by adverts
DAdverts can make the consumer’s dreams come true
3What’s the bridge linking daydream to reality in adverts
AThe product
BEstivalia
CPictures
DHappy and glamorous people
4Why does the consumer accept the daydream in adverts
ABecause the consumer enjoys a future endlessly deferred
BBecause the consumer gives up trying to make his dream come true
CBecause the utopia is visualized in adverts
DBecause his purchased of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement
5What is this passage mainly concerned with
AMany adverts can be read literally
BEveryone has a daydream
CMany adverts function on the level of the daydream
DMany adverts are deceitful because they can not make good their promises
第59篇答案:DABAC
第60篇:(Unit 15 Passage 4)
The establishment of the Third Reich influence events in American history by starting a chain of event which culminated in war between Germany and the United states The complete destruction of democracy the persecution of Jew the war on religion the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis and especially the plans of Germany and her allies Italy and Japan for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo(禁运)in wars between nations at his discretion
American opinion began to change somewhat after president Roosevelt’s quarantine the aggressor speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich In August 1939 came the shock of NaziSoviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland the outbreak of European war The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted cash and carry exports of arms to belligerent nations A strong national defense program was begun A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military service A Lend Lease Act (1941) authorized the President to sell exchange or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere In August 1941 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter that proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war In December 1941 Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor Immediately thereafter Germany declared war on the United States
1One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was ___
ANazi barbarism
BThe pacts with Italy
CGerman plans for conquest
DThe burning of the Reichstag
2The Neutrality Act of 1939 ___
Arestated America’s isolationist policies
Bproclaimed American neutrality
Cpermitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations
Dwas a cause of our entrance into World War Ⅱ
3An event that did not occur in 1939 was the ___
Ainvasion of Poland
Binvasion of Czechoslovakia
Cpassing of the Neutrality Act
Destablishment of the University of Leipzig in Germany
4The Lend Lease Act was blueprinted to ___
Astrengthen our national defense
Bprovide battleships to the Allies
Chelp the British
Dpromote the Atlantic Charter
5The Neutrality Act of 1939 favored Great Britain because ___
Athe British had command of the sea
Bthe law permitted us to trade only with the Allies
Cit antagonized Japan
Dit led to the Lend Lease Act
第60篇答案:DCDAA
文档香网(httpswwwxiangdangnet)户传
《香当网》用户分享的内容,不代表《香当网》观点或立场,请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性!
该内容是文档的文本内容,更好的格式请下载文档