1词类
词类
英语名称
意义
例词
名词
Noun (n)
表示事物名称
boy pencil book backpack
冠词
Article (art)
名词前帮助说明名词指
事物
a (an) the
代词
Pronoun (pron)
代名词起名词作短语分句句子等
we that his what
形容词
Adjective (adj)
修饰名词表示事物
特征
old red fine good
数词
Numeral (num)
表示数量序
one thirteen first ninth
动词
Verb (v)
表示动作状态
look go be(am is are)
副词
Adverb (adv)
修饰动词形容词副词
not too here often
介词
Preposition (prep)
表示名词代词等句中
词关系
in on of to under
连词
Conjunction (conj)
连接词词短语短语
句句
and or but
感叹词
Interjection (interj)
表示说话时喜悦惊讶等情感
oh hello hi
2 英语句子成分:组成句子部分句子成分句子成分包括:语谓语宾语表语定语状语补足语
语(subject) 句子体全句陈述象常名词数词代词担般放句首
句子说明事物
1The sun rises in the east太阳东方升起 (名词) 2He likes dancing喜欢跳舞(代词)
3Twenty years is a short time in history 二十年历史中短时间(数词)
4Seeing is believing眼见实(动名词)
5To see is to believe 眼见实(定式)
6What he needs is a book 需书(语句)
二谓语(predicate) 语加陈述表示语行状态常动词动词词组担放语面
说明语动作状态特征
1We study English 学英语 2 He is asleep 睡着
三表语(predicative) 说明语性质状态般名词者形容词担常放系动词
表示语什者样表语前面动词称系动词
1 He is a teacher老师(名词 2 Five and five is ten 五加五等十(数词)
3He is asleep睡着 (形容词) 4His father is in 父亲家 (副词)
5The picture is on the wall 画墙 (介词短语)
6That sounds good 听起 7Tom looks thin 汤姆瘦
常见系动词 be sound(听起) look(起) feel(摸起smell(闻起) taste(尝起吃起) feel(感觉)
四宾语:表示行象常名词者代词担放物动词者介词宾语分间接宾语(常
)直接宾语(常物)表示动作行象
1I like China 喜欢中国(名词) 2You can help me 帮助(代词)
3How many do you need We need two 需少?需两(数词)
4 I like playing soccer 喜欢踢足球 (动名词)
5I want to have an apple 想吃苹果 (定式)
6Did you write down what he said 写说话?(宾语句)
双宾语间接宾语(指)直接宾语(指物)
Tom’s mother buy him some books 汤姆妈妈买书
五宾补:补充说明补语语补语 宾语补语表语补语天学宾语补语(说明宾语情况)
1We elected him monitor 选班长 (名词)
2We will make them happy 高兴(形容词)
3 We found nobody in 发现没里面 ( 副词 )
4His father help him to do his homework 父亲帮做家庭作业(带to定式)
六定语:修饰名词代词词词组句子
1 He is a Chinese teacher 语文老师(名词)
2 He is our friend 朋友(代词)
3 I have three books 三书 (数词)
4 He is a good student 学生(形容词)
5The boy in red is my brother 穿红衣服男孩弟弟(介词短语)
七状语:修饰动词形容词副词 句子 表示行发生时间点原目结果程度条件方式等
1I go to school at seven o’clock 七点钟学
2He reads the book in the room房间里书
3I don’t like thrillers because they are scary 喜欢恐怖片太吓
句子成分(Members of a Sentence)
什句子成分呢?句子组成成分句子成分句子中词词间定组合关系关系句子分组成成分句子成分词词组充现代汉语里般句子成分六种语谓语宾语定语状语补语英语基成分七种:语(subject)谓语(predicate)表语(predicative)宾语(object)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial) 补语(complement)
英语句子基结构纳成五种基句型扩组合省略倒装掌握五种基句型掌握种英语句子结构基础
英语五种基句型列式:
: S V (+谓)
二: S V P (+系+表)
三: S V O (+谓+宾)
四: S V o O (+谓+间宾+直宾)
五: S V O C (+谓+宾+宾补)
基句型 :S V (+谓)语+谓语(物动词) [S + V]
语:作语成分名词(boy)格代词(you)动词定式动名词等语般句首注意名词单数形式常冠词分家
谓语:谓语动词构成英语时态语态变化角般语物动词(vi)没宾语形成谓结构:We come
句型句子特点句子谓语动词表达完整意思类动词做物动词面副词介词短语状语句等S │ V (物动词)
1 The sun │was shining 太阳耀着 2 The moon │rose 月亮升起
3The students work very hard 学生努力学
4 The children are playing happily 孩子正高兴玩 5 Who │cares 呢?
6 The pen │writes well 支笔书写流利 7 They │talked for half an hour 谈半时
基句型 二: S V P (+系+表)语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P]
句型句子特点:句子谓语动词表达完整意思必须加表明语身份状态表语构成复合谓语表达完整意思类动词做连系动词系动词分两类:be look keep seem等属类表示情况get grow become turn等属类表示变化be 身没什意义起连系语表语作系动词保持部分词义感官动词作联系动词:look well面色sound nice听起错feel good感觉smell bad难闻
S │V(系动词)│ P
1 This │is │an EnglishChinese dictionary 英汉辞典
2The dinner│smells│good 午餐气味
3 The apple pie tastes really delicious 苹果派吃起真吃
4 Everything │looks │different 切
5 He │is growing │tall and strong 长高壮
6 His face │turned │red 脸红
There be 结构: There be 表示存’里there没实际意义副词there里’混淆
结构名词表示(存)某事物’
试较:There is a boy there(男孩)前there实意there副词里’
基句型 三: S V O (+谓+宾)语+谓语(物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O]
句型句子特点:谓语动词具实义语产生动作表达完整意思必须宾语动作承受者意思完整类动词做物动词宾语位物动词般语构成样构成宾语代词必须代词宾格’:mehimthem等
S │V(物动词)│ O
1 He│knows │the answer 知道答案? 2 She │likes│ apples 喜欢苹果
3 He │ wants │to help them 想帮 4 He │enjoys │reading 喜欢书
5 I │want │to have a cup of tea 想喝杯茶 6 He │finished │his homework two minutes ago
基句型 四: S V o O (+谓+间宾+直宾)
物动词两宾语:givepass递bring带show显示两宾语通常指间接宾语指物直接宾语间接宾语般位直接宾语前 般序:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语:Give me a cup of teaplease
强调间接宾语序:动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语:Show this house to MrSmith
直接宾语称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语:Bring it to meplease
S │V(物)│ o(指) │ O(指物)
bring sb sth bring sth to sb 某物带某 pass sb sth pass sth to sb 某物递某
send sb sth send sth to sb 某物送某 sell sb sth sell sth to sb 某物卖某
show sb sth show sth to sb 某物某 take sb sth take sth to sb 某物某
teach sb sth teach sth to sb 教某某物 tell sb sth tell sth to sb 告诉某某情况
throw sb sth throw sth to sb 某物扔某 write sb sth write sth to sb 某写信
lend sb sth lend sth to sb 某物某 mail sb sth mail sth to sb 某物寄某
book sb sth book sth for sb 某预定某物 buy sb sth buy sth for sb 某买某物
cook sb sth cook sth for sb 某煮某物 get sb sth get sth for sb 某某物
make sb sth make sth for sb 某做某物 order sb sth order sth for sb 某订购某物
pick sb sth pick sth for sb 某采摘某物 draw sb sth draw sth for sb 某画某物
1 He │brought │you │a dictionary 带字典
2 He │bought │her │a pen 买支钢笔
3 I │showed │him │my pictures 片
6 I │gave │him │a pear 梨
基句型 五: S V O C (+谓+宾+宾补)
句型句子特点:动词然物动词宾语表达完整意思必须加补充成分补足宾语意思完整
宾语补足语:位宾语宾语作出说明成分宾语补足语逻辑谓关系起构成复合宾语
名词代词宾格 + 名词The war made him a soldier战争成名战士
名词代词宾格 + 形容词New methods make the job easy新方法项工作变轻松
名词代词宾格 + 介词短语I often find him at work常发现工作
名词代词宾格 + 动词定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows老师学生关窗户
名词代词宾格 + 分词I saw a cat running across the road见猫跑马路
S │V(物)│ O(宾语) │ C(宾补)
1 They │appointed │him │manager 命理
2 They │painted │the door │green 门漆成绿色
3 This │set │them │thinking 细想想
4 They │found │the house │deserted 发现房子居住
5 What │makes │him │think so 会样想?
6 We │saw │him │out 送出
7 He │asked │me │to come back soon 早点回
8 I │saw │them │getting on the bus 见辆公汽车
名词单数变复数方法
1 般名词+s ruler→rulers
2 s x z sh ch结尾+es bus→buses watch→watches
3 辅音字母+y结尾 y改 i + es study→studies family→families
4 O 结尾 +es(生命)+s(生命)
生命喘e口气s生命直接s
5 ffe结尾ffe改v+es knife→knives leaf→leaves wife→wives
6 单复数形式样 sheep→sheep
7 规 man→men woman→women child→children
1 称代词物代词
称
代词
格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
物
代词
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
1) 称代词作语时格作宾语时宾格作表语时格宾格口语中常宾格
① I am hungry please give me something to eat饿请吃东西
(作语) (作宾语)
③ Who told him that news 谁告诉消息? It’s meI
2) 列称代词排列序:称代词列时单数序第二称→第三称→第称复数序第称→第二称→第三称
you he and I you and I he and I you and he
we and you you and they we you and they
3) 形容词性物代词修饰名词必须放名词前面相形容词句中作定语名词性物代词相名词(指代名词面加名词)句中作语表语宾语
① This is your ruler it is not mine尺子 ② 书桌子
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