立足英语教材挖掘写作素材
王超红学校江门市第中学 发布时间: 20121126 214901
写作教学高中英语教学重组成部分根普通高中英语课程标准(实验)(简称课标)写作技目标求基础教育结束时学生须根读文章进行转述写摘根文字图表提供信息写短文报告写出语意连贯结构完整短文叙述事情表达观点态度写作中做文体规范语句通
该目标求学生简单语言输出升语言做具体事情表达思想年高考作文注重考查学生语言综合运力笔者实现目标特注重教学程中提高学生英语进行思维表达力教材学生首先接触课程资源学生提供量鲜活语言课文题材广泛体裁样难易程度适中适合学生做缩写仿写改写续写写评读感等练练学生巩固已学课知识加深课文理解助提高英语进行思维表达力课标求教师善结合教学实际需灵活创造性教材刘道义先生教师学员作SEFC辅导讲座时强调教材中心训练学生英语写作力重性事实证明种课蓝写作教学模式收事半功倍效果笔者拟方面分加阐述
缩写——缩影形式握课文
缩写保留原文体裁题材容结构序称角度等前提概括原文容压缩篇幅成篇容简明语言简练中心突出短文缩写时定准确完整握原文关题干切意删减便摘取中部分点事面篇Milu Deer Return to China缩写:
Long long ago Milu deer was a usual animal in China Some of them had been sent to other countries such as England In China people killed them and milu deer disappeared during the Ming Qing periods They were kept in the great park The number of them increased very fast
篇缩写精炼作者忽视短文题目Milu Deer Return to China中心重点丢掉Milu deer回中国中国拯救中国非常普通消失Milu deer做出巨努力中国Milu deer中心Milu deer受研究保护数量断增加事实
常种缩写方法:
1.叙事记文章宜情节物性格线通列出重情节性格特点概述全文例The Rescue (SEFC 1A Unit 4)文时间序展开分钟突发事件表示时间脉络副词First Next Then Finally概述全文
First Flora saw Jeff running and waving his arms She turned around and saw a wall of water advancing toward her quickly Next the water swept Jeff and Flora down and they are struggling for their lives Then they tried to get to the house and climbed the stairs to be safe from water Finally part of the house fell down but they were safe next to the chimney
2.科普短文说明文说理文章通列出段落题句(topic sentence)迅速捕捉文章点规划文章框架结构The Properties of Water (SEFC 2B Unit 13)文 段题句纳:
Para 1 general idea
Para 2 chemical structure of water (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom)
Para 3 salinity of water (about 35)
Para 4 density of water (1000kgm3)
Para 5 heat capacity of water (relatively high)
Para 6 ocean motion
Para 7 significance of water to nature
基础恰运关联词添加支撑句写出篇课文概
缩写利培养学生分析概括逻辑思维力提炼语言力改写续写基础仿写前提
二仿写——类似情境模拟课文
英国著名作家斯蒂文森谈学写作验时说学写作练外模仿仿写反馈出学生课文体裁重句型掌握程度促进学生课文语言材料系统掌握取举反三效果求学生模仿什呢?
1.仿写课文思路
仿写重模仿思路记叙文贯穿全文线索事件事发生发展脉络清楚描写文合理逻辑序展开序符合认识规律反映具体抽象浅深思
维程说明文选择合适角度定时间空间序说明事物掌握种文体写作思路学生写作时做思路清晰层次分明
2.仿写课文结构
高中英语写作文体记叙文议文等仿写时注意学结构特点记叙文采三段式谋篇布局形式采叙方法第段交代时间点物
第二段交代事件发生程第三段叙述事件结果议文采三段式:第段摆出题第二段列出正方观点第三段列出反方观点采四段式:第段摆出题第二段列出正方观点第三段列出反方观点第四段展示作者观点解文体结构学生写出结构紧凑文章
3.仿写课文句式
课文中常出现许惯表达方式特殊句式适合某特定情景场合常句子教师学生强调示范特常文章开头结尾中间起承接作惯语学生练运写作中(杨利娴 2003)
例New Zealand (SEFC 1B Unit 18)课文教学中首先引导学生分析课文样围绕中心选择组织素材学生掌握理位置描述气候环境资源历史口风俗惯描写学生学会关国家城市旅游景点写作方法然Taiwan Island China Our City等题学生模仿课文写作方法进行写作训练
总教材中出现种文体指导学生仿写写作务话题语言结构文体等求应高中学生认知力发展生活体验语言力相适应(课标)
三改写——全新样式诠释课文
改写种广泛采语言教学策略课标求根课文改编短剧根读文章进行转述改写保持原文体容变基础改变文章体裁称语言结构等方面尤短文话相互改写时注意语言时态时间表达等方面改变
例学The Necklace (SEFC 1B Unit 15)文求学生剧中物角度事发生序出短剧改写篇叙述文体短文
学生At the Tailor's shop (SEFC 2A Unit 10)文改写成短剧然引导学生称角度改写:
1 Tell the story to your partner in the past tense Start like this A man went into a tailor's shop to buy a suit All the money he had in his pocket was a millionpound note
2 Rewrite the story At the Tailor's Shop as told by Tod the shop assistant Start like this One Monday morning I was working in the shop as usual
教材中改写方整体局部需教师潜心研究细心挖掘通课文改写仅加深学生课文理解培养学生逻辑思维力语言组织力
四续写——创造想象引申课文
课标指出:课堂教学活动设计应利发挥学生创造力想象力续写创造性思维丰富课文课文容做适补充完善原没结局事加合理出意料结局The Necklace(SEFC 1B Unit 15)文Mathilde知辛劳十年项链竟假事结局会样?求学生续写短剧学想象结局足创意:
1 She killed herself
2 She bought a glass necklace and changed it for her real diamond necklace
3 She divorced her husband and married a man with a lot of money
4 She began to make a living by making false necklaces and cheating others of a lot of money
5 She got a lot of money from her kind friend and lived a happy life
口头表达基础学续写出少精彩片断
然角度引导学生续写剧:Choose one situation to rewrite a scene the other way round
1 If Mathilde had not borrowed the necklace from Jeanne
2 If Mathilde had not lost her necklace at the ball
3 If Jeanne had told Mathilde that the necklace was made of glass
4 If Mathilde had just agreed to wear a flower at the ball
5 If Mathilde's husband had been wealthy
续写学生综合力体现加深学生课文理解学生尝创作乐趣
五评写——理性思维演绎课文
评写学课文阅读材料进行评述通分析原文中容观点提出法评全面着眼点赞原文观点提出异议
高中英语教材中现实生活贴话题学生话题阐述法例学Animal Experiments (SEFC 1B Unit 16)学生Should animal testing be OK 题作文学生写道:I think animal testing is a good idea and it is OK So scientists should continue testing on animals which are not rare animals It can help human beings to fight against diseases 学Great Women (SEFC 1B Unit 17)单元学生My View on Women题作文学抒见写出少见文章
外教材中文学作品学生写读感物形象分析等例读A Christmas Carol (SEFC 3 Unit 7)学生写道:I think it is a really moving story I learnt that happiness and friendship are more important than money in the world I will be a kind and warmhearted man
读A Tale of Two Cities (SEFC 3 Unit 7)引导学生写读感:Which of the characters do you like most Why
S1 In my opinion Sydney Carton is the real hero of the story His love for Lucie knows no bounds What he did for Lucie was unforgettable tearful and bittersweet For love he sacrificed everything even life This makes him one of the strongest characters in the story especially
because his act is so unselfish
S2 Who I like most in the story is Dr Manette He is honest and kind but suffers the
persecution actually When Charles was put into prison he visited Charles but became mad again after returning The prison was the nightmare for him but for his daughter he suffered from it again
读The Merchant of Venice(SEFC 2B Unit 19)求学生分析剧中物形象许学生发表独见解:Shylock is cruel greedy selfish coldblooded but he suffers the loss of his daughter his property and very importantly for him his religion So we should have mercy on him
评写种半材半发挥半作方式利发展学生批判性思维力创新精神评写承接短文缩写仿写改写阶段期写作阶段基础
总围绕教材进行写作活动形式样容丰富实践证明条发展学生思维力创新精神加深学生课文理解训练学生知识迁移力循序渐进提高学生综合语言运力路子英语教材中写作素材处教师潜心挖掘学生认真完成定会收益处处留心皆学问样说:英语写作教学中处处留意皆素材
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