学毕业文指导开题报告
开题报告撰写包括方面：
1．开题报告名称
开题报告名称开题报告名字起似问题实际写专题名称时写准确恰影响整开题报告形象质量开题报告起名称呢？
(1)名称准确规范
准确开题报告名称开题报告研究问题什研究象什交清楚开题报告名称定研究容相致太太准确研究象问题概括出
规范词语句型规范科学似非词口号式结式句型进行科学研究科学规范语言表述思想观点里专题名称培养学力提高课堂学效率果题目篇验性文者研究报告错作专题名称专题解决问题问题正探讨正开始研究结性语气改学力培养提高课堂学效率影响较妥
（2）名称简洁太长
文者开题报告名称太长字量长般超20字
2．研究目意义
研究目意义什研究研究什价值研究背景什
般先现实需方面述指出现实中存问题需研究解决开题报告研究什实际作然写开题报告理学术价值写具体点针性点漫边际空喊口号
3．研究指导思想
开题报告研究指导思想宏观应坚持什方符合什求等
方求哲学数学然科学政治理科学发展规划关研究问题指导性意见等
4．研究目标假设
开题报告研究目标假设课题达具体目解决具体问题相目指导思想言研究目标假设较具体笼统讲必须清楚写出目标明确假设具体明确工作具体方什解研究重点什思路会种素干扰
确定专题研究目标假设时方面考虑专题身求方面考虑开题报告组实际工作条件工作水
5．研究基容
开题报告研究目标假设根目标假设确定开题报告具体研究容
相研究目标假设说研究容更具体更明确目标假设通方面研究容实现定应关系
家确定研究容时候考虑具体写出研究容特笼统模糊研究目意义作研究容整专题研究十分利
6．研究步骤进度
开题报告研究步骤进度开题报告研究时间序安排
研究步骤进度充分考虑研究容相互联系难易程度般情况基础问题开始分阶段进行阶段什时间开始什时间结束规定
7．研究方法资料获取途径
开题报告研究方法包括历史研究法调查研究法实验研究法较研究法理研究法等研究性学中开题报告研究方法社会调查法受控实验法专题需种方法专题采种方法时兼方法应种方法时定严格方法求验常识做通调查解情况制定调查表进行分析便便发张表列百分数均数行
开题报告研究资料获取途径包括文献调查考察调查问卷调查设计进行实验科学观测等采资料获取途径定充分研究
8．研究成果形式
开题报告研究成果形式包括报告文发明软件课件等种形式专题研究成果容形式样形式什专题研究必须成果否专题没完成
9．研究组织机构员分工
集体开题报告研究方案中写出专题组组长副组长专题组成员分工专题组组长专题负责
专题组分工必须分明确合理争取解工作责吃锅饭分工基础注意全体员合作家研究商讨克服研究程中种困难问题
How to write a research proposal
When you are applying for a research degree like the PhD you will veryprobably have to write a research proposal as a part of your application file A PhD is awarded mainly as the result of your making a genuine contribution to the state of knowledge in a field of your choice Even though this is not the Nobel Prize yet getting the degree means you have added something to what has previously been known on the subject you have researched But first you have to prove you are capable of making sucha contribution and therefore write a research proposal that meets certain standards The goal of a research proposal (RP) is to present and justify a research idea you have and to present the practical ways in which you think this research should be conducted
When you are writing a RP keep in mind that it will enter a competition being read in line with quite a few other RPs You have to come up with a document that has an impact upon the reader write clearly and well structured so that your message gets across easily Basically your RP has to answer three big questions what research project will you undertake why is important to know that thing and how will you proceed to makethat research
In order to draw the researcher＇s attention upon your paper write an introduction with impact and that leads to the formulation of your hypothesis The research hypothesis has to be specific concise (one phrase) and to lead to the advancement of the knowledge in the field in some wayWriting the hypothesis in a concise manner and first coming up with agood hypothesis is a difficult mission This is actually
the core of your application you＇re going to a university to do this very piece of research Compared to this the rest of the application is background scenery Take your time to think of it When you have an idea be careful atthe formulation A wellwritten hypothesis is something of an essay＇s thesis it provides a statement that can be tested (argues ahead one of the possible answers to a problem) it is an idea a concept and not a mere fact and is summed up in one phrase In some cases you will have no idea what the possible answer to a problem worth being researched is but you will be able to think of a way to solve that problem and find out the answer in the meantime It＇s ok in this case to formulate a research question rather than a hypothesis Let those cases be rare in anyway
Another piece of advice when writing your hypothesis regarding the trendy research fields chances are great that they＇re trendy because somebody has already made that exciting discovery or wrote that splendid paper that awoke everybody＇s interest in the first place If you＇re in one of these fields try to get a fresh point of view upon the subject make new connections don＇t be 100 mainstream This will make the project even more stimulating for the reader Imagine that you are writing about the trendiest subject with absolutely no change in the point of view and you are given the chance to make the research Trends come and go fast what are the chances that in four years＇ time when your research isdone and you are ready to publish your results one of those wellknownprofessors who dispose of huge research grants has already said whatever you had to say
Remember how in a structured essay right after the thesis you would present the organisation of your essay by enumerating the main arguments you were going to present
Same thing should happen in a RP After stating your thesis you should give a short account of your answers to thosethree questions mention earlier State in a few phrases what will be learned from your research that your project will make a difference and why is that important to be known You will have to elaborate on both of these later in the paper
The next step in writing your proposal is to prove that that particular piece of research has not been done yet This section is usually called Literature Review Inside it you have to enumerate and critically analyze an impressive list of boring bibliography The conclusion you should objectively reach is that your idea of research has not been undertaken yet Even more you use this opportunity to prove solid theoreticalknowledge in the field and build the theoretical bases of your project One tip don＇t review all the articles and books in the fields even ifyou mention them in the bibliography list pay attention in your analysis to those you will build on Another one avoid jargon when writing your RP The chances are great that the person(s) who will read your and another 1000 research proposals are not specialists in that very field niche you are examining If you are applying for a grant with or foundation or something similar it might happen that those reading your paper are not even professors but recruiters donors etc And even if they actually are professors one of the reasons busy people like them agree to undertake a huge and sometimes voluntary work is the desire to meetsome diversity some
change from their work so maybe they＇ll read applications for another specialisation The capacity to get your message across in clear easytograsp concepts and phrases is one of the winningpapers＇ most important advantages
So far you have proven you have a research idea that you are familiar with the field and that your idea is new Now why should your project be worth researching Because it advances knowledge ok But is this knowledge that anybody will need Maybe nobody knows for sure how the shoelaces were being tied in the XIXth century but who cares beyond two lacetying specialists Find arguments to convince the reader that she should give you money for that research practical use accelerating the development of knowledge in your or other fields opening new research possibilities a better understanding of facts that will allow a more appropriate course of action are possible reasons Be clear and specific Don＇t promise to save the world it might be too much to start with Even James Bond succeeds that only towards the end of the movie
We approach now one of the most difficult parts of writing a research proposal the methodology In short what actions are you going to take inorder to answer the question When will you know whether the hypothesishas been proven wrong or has survived enough tests to be considered for now valid Those tests and the way you are supposed to handle them to give rigor to your research is what is understood under methods Methods divide in qualitative (interviews questionnaires) and quantitative (statistics stuff that deals intensively with numbers) For some projects qualitative methods are more appropriate for some quantitative whilefor most a mixture of the two is adequate You should pick your methodsand justify your choice Research methodology however is too a complicated thing to be explained here And this is why it＇s so tough not much attention is given to teaching it in Eastern Europe Try before writing your RP to read a bit more about methodology on the Internet you will find for sure some articles and decide which methods suit your project best Don＇t forget reading theoretical pieces of your work and providing a critical analysis of those is also a kind of research It＇s fine to provide a rough schedule of your research some grant programs willalso require a detailed budget even though for scholarships this is unlikely
Conclusions After working your way through the difficult methodologicalpart you only have to write your conclusions Shortly recap why your hypothesis is new why it advances knowledge why is it worth researchingand how from a practical point of view are you going to do that Overall the capacity of your project to answer the research question shouldcome out crystal clear from the body of the paper and especially from the conclusions If this happens it means you have a wellwritten RP and you have just increased you chances for having a successful applicationOne last word how big should your RP be In most cases this is specified in the application form If it is not we suggest that you keep it atabout 1500 words (that＇s 3 pages singlespaced with 12 size Times NewRoman) In fewer words it can be really tough to write a good RP With more you might bore your readers Which we hope will not happen
Good luck
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开题报告撰写包括方面：
1．开题报告名称
开题报告名称开题报告名字起似问题实际写专题名称时写准确恰影响整开题报告形象质量开题报告起名称呢？
(1)名称准确规范
准确开题报告名称开题报告研究问题什研究象什交清楚开题报告名称定研究容相致太太准确研究象问题概括出
规范词语句型规范科学似非词口号式结式句型进行科学研究科学规范语言表述思想观点里专题名称培养学力提高课堂学效率果题目篇验性文者研究报告错作专题名称专题解决问题问题正探讨正开始研究结性语气改学力培养提高课堂学效率影响较妥
（2）名称简洁太长
文者开题报告名称太长字量长般超20字
2．研究目意义
研究目意义什研究研究什价值研究背景什
般先现实需方面述指出现实中存问题需研究解决开题报告研究什实际作然写开题报告理学术价值写具体点针性点漫边际空喊口号
3．研究指导思想
开题报告研究指导思想宏观应坚持什方符合什求等
方求哲学数学然科学政治理科学发展规划关研究问题指导性意见等
4．研究目标假设
开题报告研究目标假设课题达具体目解决具体问题相目指导思想言研究目标假设较具体笼统讲必须清楚写出目标明确假设具体明确工作具体方什解研究重点什思路会种素干扰
确定专题研究目标假设时方面考虑专题身求方面考虑开题报告组实际工作条件工作水
5．研究基容
开题报告研究目标假设根目标假设确定开题报告具体研究容
相研究目标假设说研究容更具体更明确目标假设通方面研究容实现定应关系
家确定研究容时候考虑具体写出研究容特笼统模糊研究目意义作研究容整专题研究十分利
6．研究步骤进度
开题报告研究步骤进度开题报告研究时间序安排
研究步骤进度充分考虑研究容相互联系难易程度般情况基础问题开始分阶段进行阶段什时间开始什时间结束规定
7．研究方法资料获取途径
开题报告研究方法包括历史研究法调查研究法实验研究法较研究法理研究法等研究性学中开题报告研究方法社会调查法受控实验法专题需种方法专题采种方法时兼方法应种方法时定严格方法求验常识做通调查解情况制定调查表进行分析便便发张表列百分数均数行
开题报告研究资料获取途径包括文献调查考察调查问卷调查设计进行实验科学观测等采资料获取途径定充分研究
8．研究成果形式
开题报告研究成果形式包括报告文发明软件课件等种形式专题研究成果容形式样形式什专题研究必须成果否专题没完成
9．研究组织机构员分工
集体开题报告研究方案中写出专题组组长副组长专题组成员分工专题组组长专题负责
专题组分工必须分明确合理争取解工作责吃锅饭分工基础注意全体员合作家研究商讨克服研究程中种困难问题
How to write a research proposal
When you are applying for a research degree like the PhD you will veryprobably have to write a research proposal as a part of your application file A PhD is awarded mainly as the result of your making a genuine contribution to the state of knowledge in a field of your choice Even though this is not the Nobel Prize yet getting the degree means you have added something to what has previously been known on the subject you have researched But first you have to prove you are capable of making sucha contribution and therefore write a research proposal that meets certain standards The goal of a research proposal (RP) is to present and justify a research idea you have and to present the practical ways in which you think this research should be conducted
When you are writing a RP keep in mind that it will enter a competition being read in line with quite a few other RPs You have to come up with a document that has an impact upon the reader write clearly and well structured so that your message gets across easily Basically your RP has to answer three big questions what research project will you undertake why is important to know that thing and how will you proceed to makethat research
In order to draw the researcher＇s attention upon your paper write an introduction with impact and that leads to the formulation of your hypothesis The research hypothesis has to be specific concise (one phrase) and to lead to the advancement of the knowledge in the field in some wayWriting the hypothesis in a concise manner and first coming up with agood hypothesis is a difficult mission This is actually
the core of your application you＇re going to a university to do this very piece of research Compared to this the rest of the application is background scenery Take your time to think of it When you have an idea be careful atthe formulation A wellwritten hypothesis is something of an essay＇s thesis it provides a statement that can be tested (argues ahead one of the possible answers to a problem) it is an idea a concept and not a mere fact and is summed up in one phrase In some cases you will have no idea what the possible answer to a problem worth being researched is but you will be able to think of a way to solve that problem and find out the answer in the meantime It＇s ok in this case to formulate a research question rather than a hypothesis Let those cases be rare in anyway
Another piece of advice when writing your hypothesis regarding the trendy research fields chances are great that they＇re trendy because somebody has already made that exciting discovery or wrote that splendid paper that awoke everybody＇s interest in the first place If you＇re in one of these fields try to get a fresh point of view upon the subject make new connections don＇t be 100 mainstream This will make the project even more stimulating for the reader Imagine that you are writing about the trendiest subject with absolutely no change in the point of view and you are given the chance to make the research Trends come and go fast what are the chances that in four years＇ time when your research isdone and you are ready to publish your results one of those wellknownprofessors who dispose of huge research grants has already said whatever you had to say
Remember how in a structured essay right after the thesis you would present the organisation of your essay by enumerating the main arguments you were going to present
Same thing should happen in a RP After stating your thesis you should give a short account of your answers to thosethree questions mention earlier State in a few phrases what will be learned from your research that your project will make a difference and why is that important to be known You will have to elaborate on both of these later in the paper
The next step in writing your proposal is to prove that that particular piece of research has not been done yet This section is usually called Literature Review Inside it you have to enumerate and critically analyze an impressive list of boring bibliography The conclusion you should objectively reach is that your idea of research has not been undertaken yet Even more you use this opportunity to prove solid theoreticalknowledge in the field and build the theoretical bases of your project One tip don＇t review all the articles and books in the fields even ifyou mention them in the bibliography list pay attention in your analysis to those you will build on Another one avoid jargon when writing your RP The chances are great that the person(s) who will read your and another 1000 research proposals are not specialists in that very field niche you are examining If you are applying for a grant with or foundation or something similar it might happen that those reading your paper are not even professors but recruiters donors etc And even if they actually are professors one of the reasons busy people like them agree to undertake a huge and sometimes voluntary work is the desire to meetsome diversity some
change from their work so maybe they＇ll read applications for another specialisation The capacity to get your message across in clear easytograsp concepts and phrases is one of the winningpapers＇ most important advantages
So far you have proven you have a research idea that you are familiar with the field and that your idea is new Now why should your project be worth researching Because it advances knowledge ok But is this knowledge that anybody will need Maybe nobody knows for sure how the shoelaces were being tied in the XIXth century but who cares beyond two lacetying specialists Find arguments to convince the reader that she should give you money for that research practical use accelerating the development of knowledge in your or other fields opening new research possibilities a better understanding of facts that will allow a more appropriate course of action are possible reasons Be clear and specific Don＇t promise to save the world it might be too much to start with Even James Bond succeeds that only towards the end of the movie
We approach now one of the most difficult parts of writing a research proposal the methodology In short what actions are you going to take inorder to answer the question When will you know whether the hypothesishas been proven wrong or has survived enough tests to be considered for now valid Those tests and the way you are supposed to handle them to give rigor to your research is what is understood under methods Methods divide in qualitative (interviews questionnaires) and quantitative (statistics stuff that deals intensively with numbers) For some projects qualitative methods are more appropriate for some quantitative whilefor most a mixture of the two is adequate You should pick your methodsand justify your choice Research methodology however is too a complicated thing to be explained here And this is why it＇s so tough not much attention is given to teaching it in Eastern Europe Try before writing your RP to read a bit more about methodology on the Internet you will find for sure some articles and decide which methods suit your project best Don＇t forget reading theoretical pieces of your work and providing a critical analysis of those is also a kind of research It＇s fine to provide a rough schedule of your research some grant programs willalso require a detailed budget even though for scholarships this is unlikely
Conclusions After working your way through the difficult methodologicalpart you only have to write your conclusions Shortly recap why your hypothesis is new why it advances knowledge why is it worth researchingand how from a practical point of view are you going to do that Overall the capacity of your project to answer the research question shouldcome out crystal clear from the body of the paper and especially from the conclusions If this happens it means you have a wellwritten RP and you have just increased you chances for having a successful applicationOne last word how big should your RP be In most cases this is specified in the application form If it is not we suggest that you keep it atabout 1500 words (that＇s 3 pages singlespaced with 12 size Times NewRoman) In fewer words it can be really tough to write a good RP With more you might bore your readers Which we hope will not happen
Good luck
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《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
该内容是文档的文本内容，更好的格式请下载文档
