2015年考研英语真题答案详细解析
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语（）试题答案详细解析
Section I Use of English
Directions Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A BC or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
Though not biologically related friends are as related as fourth cousins sharing about 1 of genes That is _(1)_a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has__(2)_
The study is a genomewide analysis conducted _(3)__1932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers The same people were used in both_(5)_
While 1 may seem_(6)_it is not so to a geneticist As James Fowler professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin
The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain for now_(10)_as the team suggests it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_functional Kinship of being friends with_(14)_
One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30000 years with social environment being a major_(17)_factor
The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds say the researchers Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects friends and strangers were taken from the same population
1 [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
2 [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
3 [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
4 [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
5 [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples
6 [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible
7 [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
8 [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
9 [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
10 [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
11 [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like
12 [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit
13 [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
14 [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits
15 [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier
16 [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express
17 [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive
18 [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency
19 [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
20 [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don’t abdicate they dare in their sleep But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euroelections have forced him to eat his words and stand down So does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle
The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy When public opinion is particularly polarised as it was following the end of the Franco regime monarchs can rise above mere politics and embody a spirit of national unity
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized And also the Middle East excepted Europe is the most monarchinfested region in the world with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra) But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a noncontroversial but respected public figure
Even so kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states
The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways Princes and princesses have dayjobs and ride bicycles not horses (or helicopters) Even so these are wealthy families who party with the international 1 and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image
While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example
It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if wellheeled) granny style The danger will come with Charles who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as noncontroversial and nonpolitical heads of state Charles ought to know that as English history shows it is kings not republicans who are the monarchy’s worst enemies
21 According to the first two Paragraphs King Juan Carlos of Spain
[A] used turn enjoy high public support
[B] was unpopular among European royals
[C] cased his relationship with his rivals
[D]ended his reign in embarrassment
22 Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly
[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status
[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality
[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to
[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment
23 Which of the following is shown to be odd according to Paragraph 4
[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth
[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies
[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families
[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges
24 The British royals have most to fear because Charles
[A] takes a rough line on political issues
[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised
[C] takes republicans as his potential allies
[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role
25 Which of the following is the best title of the text
[A] Carlos Glory and Disgrace Combined
[B] Charles Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
[C] Carlos a Lesson for All European Monarchs
[D]Charles Slow to React to the Coming Threats
Text 2
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest It is hard the state argues for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice Enough of the implications are discernable even obvious so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police lawyers and defendants
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to say rifling through a suspect’s purse The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history financial history medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence The development of cloud computing meanwhile has made that exploration so much the easier
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches
As so often is the case stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of linedrawing In many cases it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe urgent circumstances and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending The court though may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole New disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections Orin Kerr a law professor compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now
26 The Supreme Court will work out whether during an arrest it is legitimate to
[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents
[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant
[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized
[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones
27 The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of
[A] disapproval
[B] indifference
[C] tolerance
[D]cautiousness
28 The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] getting into one’s residence
[B] handling one’s historical records
[C] scanning one’s correspondences
[D] going through one’s wallet
29 In Paragraph 5 and 6 the author shows his concern that
[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed
[B] the court is giving police less room for action
[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
[D] phones are used to store sensitive information
30 Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that
[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution
[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution
[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered
Text 3
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peerreview process editorinchief Marcia McNutt announced today The policy follows similar efforts from other journals after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings
Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal writes McNutt in an editorial Working with the American Statistical Association the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE) Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change McNutt said The creation of the statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish
Giovanni Parmigiani a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health a member of the SBoRE group He says he expects the board to play primarily an advisory role He agreed to join because he found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel unique and likely to have a lasting impact This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science
John Ioannidis a physician who studies research methodology says that the policy is a most welcome step forward and long overdue Most journals are weak in statistical review and this damages the quality of what they publish I think that for the majority of scientific papers nowadays statistical review is more essential than expert review he says But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review
Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research according to David Vaux a cell biologist Researchers should improve their standards he wrote in 2012 but journals should also take a tougher line engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians has some merit but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place
31 It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that
[A] Science intends to simplify their peerreview process
[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks
[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis
[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects
32 The phrase flagged up (Para 2) is the closest in meaning to
[A] found
[B] marked
[C] revised
[D] stored
33 Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may
[A] pose a threat to all its peers
[B] meet with strong opposition
[C] increase Science’s circulation
[D]set an example for other journals
34 David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now
[A] adds to researchers’ workload
[B] diminishes the role of reviewers
[C] has room for further improvement
[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future
35 Which of the following is the best title of the text
[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers
[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect
[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks
[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science
Text 4
Two years ago Rupert Murdoch’s daughter Elisabeth spoke of the unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions Integrity had collapsed she argued because of a collective acceptance that the only sorting mechanism in society should be profit and the market But it’s us human beings we the people who create the society we want not profit
Driving her point home she continued It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose of a moral language within government media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International shield thought making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking
As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty oneseditor of the News of the World Andy Coulson for conspiring to hack phones and finding his predecessor Rebekah Brooks innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5500 people This is hacking on an industrial scale as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking Others await trial This long story still unfolds
In many respects the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing
In today’s world title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised For a generation the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit The words that have mattered are efficiency flexibility shareholder value business–friendly wealth generation sales impact and in newspapers circulation Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness tolerance proportionality and accountability
The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories but she asked no questions gave no instructions—nor received traceable recorded answers
36 According to the first two paragraphs Elisabeth was upset by
[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices
[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues
[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions
37 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime
[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge
[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions
38 The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference
[A] revealed a cunning personality
[B] centered on trivial issues
[C] was hardly convincing
[D] was part of a conspiracy
39 The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows
[A] generally distorted values
[B] unfair wealth distribution
[C] a marginalized lifestyle
[D] a rigid moral cote
40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph
[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance
[B] Common humanity is central news reporting
[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper
[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations
Part B
Directions
In the following text some sentences have been removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the fist AG to fit into each of the numbered blanks Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
How does your reading proceed Clearly you try to comprehend in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text for instance by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved who is making the utterance to whom when and where
The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problemsolving You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______
Conceived in this way comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute fixed or true meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy or some timeless relation of the text to the world (43) _______
Such background material inevitably reflects who we are (44) _______This doesn’t however make interpretation merely relative or even pointless Precisely because readers from different historical periods places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the pageincluding for texts that engage with fundamental human concernsdebates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values
How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it (45)_______such dimensions of read suggestas others introduced later in the book will also dothat we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller more advanced or more worthwhile than another Ideally different kinds of reading inform each other and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another Together they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment
[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course Reading it simply for pleasure Skimming it for information Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room
[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading our gender ethnicity age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others
[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms you guess at their meaning using clues presented in the contest On the assumption that they will become relevant later you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them
[D]In effect you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence image or reference might have had These might be the ones the author intended
[E]You make further inferences for instance about how the test may be significant to you or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible
[F]In playsnovels and narrative poems characters speak as constructs created by the author not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts
[G]Rather we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background social knowledge belief and attitude that we bring to the text
Section III Translation
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
Within the span of a hundred years in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America 46) This movement driven by powerful and diverse motivations built a nation out of a wilderness and by its nature shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent
47) The United States is the product of two principal forcesthe immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits Of necessity colonial America was a projection of Europe Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen Frenchmen Germans Scots Irishmen Dutchmen Swedes and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world
48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another and the sheer difficulty of maintaining oldworld ways in a raw new continent caused significant changes These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible But the result was a new social pattern which although it resembled European society in many ways had a character that was distinctly American
49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th and 16thcentury explorations of North America In the meantime thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico the West Indies and South America These travelers to North America came in small unmercifully overcrowded craft During their six to twelveweek voyage they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them Many of the ship were lost in storms many passengers died of disease and infants rarely survived the journey Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course and often calm brought unbearably long delay
To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief said one recorder of events The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a newblown garden The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasurehouse which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia Here was abundant fuel and lumber Here was the raw material of houses and furniture ships and potash dyes and naval stores
Section IV Writing
Part A
51 Directions
You are going to host a club reading session Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members
You should state reasons for your recommendation
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter Use Li Ming instead
Do not write the address (10 points)
Part B
52 Directions
Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain its intended meaning and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
手机时代聚会
参考答案详细解析
I cloze
1 [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
答案[D] what
解析该题考查语法知识根句子结构选项特点判断出空格处应填属连词引导句根句子容出该句项研究相关容(what)指研究时间(when) 原(why)方式(how)该题答案what
2 [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
答案[B] concluded
解析题句子前容判断出that is_______ 中that指第句话容(朋友基相关性)显然研究出结答案concluded
3 [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
答案[C] on
解析根空格句子容(研究1932分独特受试者进行分析)判断出进行分析象1932 unique subjectsconduct analysis on…固定表达
4 [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
答案[A] compared
解析该空格句子which 引导定语句修饰study意思：基相关朋友陌生进行_______研究容关朋友间基相关性问题完整意思应该：基相关朋友陌生进行较佳答案compared
5 [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples
答案[C] samples
解析根空格前容判断第五空止文章讲实验程实验象第五空格句子容：相实验中两类______根文语境容应该选实验象相应samples(样例)答案samples
6 [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible
答案[A] insignificant
解析空语境：1起似____遗传学家认空前形成转折逻辑关系文列举例子中知遗传学家James Fowler1基态度肯定答案A
7 [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
答案[D] know
解析空语境：数甚____隔三代表亲设法选择____亲戚作朋友填入词必须满足前句间转折逻辑关系四选项带入D选项符合文语义
8 [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
答案[A] resemble
解析空语境：数甚认识隔三代表亲设法选择____亲戚作朋友根全文中心：基相似性知题选择A
9 [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
答案[B] also
解析空句子开头The study…显然文话题继续阐述前文指出研究发现朋友1基关系空句the genes for smell were something shared in friends进步详细讨该话题前间接关系答案B
10 [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
答案[D] Perhaps
解析选项文字中句子结构判断空格处求填入够体现前两句子逻辑关系副词空前句子谈什嗅觉基方面存相似性难解释空紧接着出相关结明显矛盾结种确定推测答案D
11 [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like
答案[B] to
解析该题介词选择题半句出现较级见前文形成较关系半句介词保持致介词to该句翻译：(种相似性)吸引相环境更相似答案to
12 [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit
答案[A] drive
解析该句意思：机制作_____选择基相似朋友__________交朋友功关系根文知处填入动词需符合结构_____sb in doing sthB选项observe(观察遵守)C选项confuse(困惑)均法符合该结构A选项drive(驱)D选项limit(限制)根文知：机制驱选择基相似朋友符合文章题果选限制反干扰答案drive
13 [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
答案[B] rather than
解析填词逻辑关系短语空前说选择基相似朋友空说具实关系朋友知前立关系根文章题知肯定前者否定者锁定B选项rather thanA选项according to(根)没体现出立取舍关系排C选项regardless of()表步关系干扰性较强文章更强调取前舍排D选项along with(伴)表接排答案rather than
14 [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits
答案[D] benefits
解析根前文functional kinship(实关系)出D选项benefits(利益)前形成呼应A选项chances(机会)B选项responses(反应)C选项missions(命)均符合题意答案benefits
15 [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier
答案[C] faster
解析该句：evolving ______ than other genes(基进化______) 根词复现找该段第二句话中：human evolution picked pace in the last 30000 years(类进化30000年间提速)C 选项faster文picked pace(加速)形成呼应答案faster
16 [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express
答案[C] understand
解析题考查动词根语意空格面why引导宾语句意类进化三万年间加速原表示研究结果意义宾语句构成搭配C选项understandA选项forecast预测三万年相矛盾B选项remember记住D选项express均符合文意
17 [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive
答案[B] contributory
解析空需填入形容词表达社会环境类进步起作helppick pace两词表达积极含义处需填入带褒义感情色彩词 排A选项预测D选项破坏性 B C选项控语意关正确答案B选项contributory促进
18 [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency
答案[D] tendency
解析处进步陈述研究结A选项endeavor努力B选项决定C选项安排D选项倾文旨重解释交朋友觉种倾非通意识举动选择朋友正确答案D
19 [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
答案[C] ethnic
解析结合文意普遍希相似基背景C选项ethnic意种族民族文中次重复出现genes文the same population义复现正确答案C A选项political政治 B选项宗教D选项济均符合原文文意
20 [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell
答案[A] see
解析处考察动词动词势必前搭配see that 构成固定词组意务必……符合文意：受访者拥欧洲血统(研究者)然悉心确保受访者朋友陌生群种选项B展示选项C证明选项D辨均含义符合文意
II Reading comprehension
Part A
21 According to the first two Paragraphs King Juan Carlos of Spain
[A] used turn enjoy high public support
[B] was unpopular among European royals
[C] cased his relationship with his rivals
[D]ended his reign in embarrassment
答案[D] ended his reign in embarrassment
解析事实细节题根题干求定位文章前两段文章第段第二句话提But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euroelections have forced him to eat his words and stand down(欧洲选举中令尴尬丑闻受欢迎均迫Carlos收回前言退位)D选项中stand downend reign义置换embarrassment导致Carlos卸原embarrassing scandals相呼应D正确答案ABC均属中生
22 Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly
[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status
[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality
[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to
[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment
答案[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status
解析事实细节题根题干关键词monarchsheads of state定位第三段句话most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a noncontroversial but respected public figure(数王室幸存选民避免寻找受争议受尊敬公众物困难)中noncontroversial but respected public figure正A选项中undoubted and respectable status义置换A正确答案
23 Which of the following is shown to be odd according to Paragraph 4
[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth
[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies
[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families
[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges
答案[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies
解析事实细节题定位第四段句话it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states(离奇富贵族竟然现代民国家象征核心)中the symbolic heart of modern democratic states题干the role of the nobility in modern democracies义置换
24 The British royals have most to fear because Charles
[A] takes a rough line on political issues
[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised
[C] takes republicans as his potential allies
[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role
答案[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role
解析事实细节题该题考查：英国皇家贵族非常害怕查尔斯……根题干专名词Charles定位文章第七段the danger will come with Charlesworst enemies段指出危险源查尔斯生活奢靡等级观念显著没意识君王幸存程度取决君王提供公服务时查尔斯知道国王君制度敌非选项A意：政治问题态度强硬文章提选项B意建议生活方式改变失败文章中提生活方式未提改变生活方式选项C意：视潜盟友文章中提非敌未指明视盟友属偷换概念选项D意：适应未身份失败文章指出查尔斯生活方式世界观君王制度错误理解均身份特殊正确言行选项D表述吻合正确答案
25 Which of the following is the best title of the text
[A] Carlos Glory and Disgrace Combined
[B] Charles Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
[C] Carlos a Lesson for All European Monarchs
[D]Charles Slow to React to the Coming Threats
答案[C] Carlos a Lesson for All European Monarchs
解析旨意题该题考察四选项中作文章佳标题文章西班牙国王Carlos退位事件切入讨欧洲君王制度存问题非讨查尔斯事件排选项B查尔斯—继位焦虑D查尔斯—应威胁缓慢选项A卡洛斯—荣辱存 C卡洛斯—欧洲君王前车鉴中选项A属细节信息概括文章意选项C概括正确答案外文章题词Monarch选项C中出现作迅速解题
26 The Supreme Court will work out whether during an arrest it is legitimate to
[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents
[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant
[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized
[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones
答案[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized
解析道事实细节题根题干关键词The Supreme Court回文定位第段第二句话The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest选项原文中police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant选项C check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized义换选项均关选项
27 The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of
[A] disapproval
[B] indifference
[C] tolerance
[D]cautiousness
答案[A] disapproval
解析题观点态度题考察作者态度根题干关键词California’s argument定位文章第四段第句They should start by discarding California’s lame argument…第四段第句话中discard(抛弃)lame(没说服力)出作者California’s argument 支持态度选A
28 The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] getting into one’s residence
[B] handling one’s historical records
[C] scanning one’s correspondences
[D] going through one’s wallet
答案[A] getting into one’s residence
解析根题干关键词the author believesexploring one’s phone contents is comparable to回文定位文章第四段第三句But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home选项A语义致中getting intoentering应one’s residencehis or her home应A选项正确答案
29 The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed
[B] the court is giving police less room for action
[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
[D] phones are used to store sensitive information
答案[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
解析根题干信息In paragraphs 5and 6定位第5段第句话Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy第6段句话and they could take reasonable measures to推知作者顾虑答案C
30 Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that
[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution
[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution
[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered
答案[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
解析道例证题根题干关键词Orin Kerr回文定位文章段作者引Orin Kerr较说明相关点分析段结构知段第三句第四句阐述该例子身相关点应该前面找第二句话Newdisruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protection选项A义换中be implementedapplications应novelflexibly应
31 It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that
[A] Science intends to simplify their peerreview process
[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks
[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis
[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects
答案[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks
解析推理题根题干直接定位第段解题关键第二句The policy follows similar efforts from other journals(该政策期刊类似努力)the policy指第句The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peerreview process (科学杂志统计检查额外添加行评审程中)直接推断出正确答案[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks (期刊正加强统计数字检查)选项[A]中simplify原文语意符选项CD属中生
32 The phrase flagged up (Para 2) is the closest in meaning to
[A] found
[B] marked
[C] revised
[D] stored
答案[C] marked
解析词义题根题干定位回第二段第三句Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors (杂志部编辑通更审查标记手稿)文中运代入法选项代入句中换知选项C marked(标记)正确答案选项A found(发现找)选项B revised(修改)选项 D stored(存储)
33 Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may
[A] pose a threat to all its peers
[B] meet with strong opposition
[C] increase Science’s circulation
[D]set an example for other journals
答案[D] set an example for other journals
解析细节题根题干关键词Giovanni Parmigianithe establishment of the SBoREmay定位第四段句… but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science选项中examplemodel义换others journals原文中a larger group of publishing places义换
文章中出现hopefully表示作者积极态度选项A中threat选项B中opposition分表达负消极态度错误选项C increase Science’s circulation(增加科学杂志发行量)文章未提属中生
34 David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now
[A] adds to researchers’ workload
[B] diminishes the role of reviewers
[C] has room for further improvement
[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future
答案[C] has room for further improvement
解析细节题题干关键词David VauxScience定位第六段句Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians has some merit but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place (科学杂志文推统计员审核优点缺点赖审稿编委会首先需确定审查文件)
选项A中workload选项B diminish the role of reviewers选项D中foreseeable future没提属中生
35 Which of the following is the best title of the text
[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers
[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect
[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks
[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science
答案A science joins push to screen statistics in papers
解析文章第段Science增加statistical checks引出话题接段问题McNutt Giovanni Parmigianni John Ioannidis David Vaux提出法文中statisticalpapers反复提知该词文中核心词选项B选项D首先排偏离题statisticians仅文中提非重点讨容选项C文中题相差较排
36 According to the first two paragraphs Elisabeth was upset by
[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices
[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues
[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions
答案[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
解析通题干题锁定前两段第段指出Elisabeth谈机构面着令沮丧正直感丧失接第二句指出种正直感丧失家普遍认社会中唯分类机制(sorting mechanism)应该利益市场第段句出认应该类创造想社会应该利益见Elisabeth认目前种分类机制(sorting mechanism)造成良果正感沮丧原A选项consequence of the current sorting mechanism(目前种分类机制果)真正沮丧原
37 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime
[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge
[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions
答案[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
解析第三段第句指出Andy Coulson参手机黑客案件裁定罪然前认定罪通事件作者出造成道德沦丧广泛问题然存(the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands)然存没裁定罪接着文章指出新闻业中已记者认定非法侵入户手机等审判(others await trial)推出会更记者涉手机黑客案件裁定罪正确答案选项B
38 The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference
[A] revealed a cunning personality
[B] centered on trivial issues
[C] was hardly convincing
[D] was part of a conspiracy
答案[C] was hardly convincing
解析根题干中defence回文定位文章第四段句话该句指出Ms Brooks辩护成功关键事件知(she knew nothing)作者该段第句话中指出道德丧失仅体现普遍存手机黑客事实更体现审判案件条款中震惊Ms Brooks审判见作者该案审判持否定态度认辩护信正确答案C
39 The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows
[A] generally distorted values
[B] unfair wealth distribution
[C] a marginalized lifestyle
[D] a rigid moral cote
答案[A] (generally distorted values)
解析通题干中collective doctrine直接定位文中第五段第三行该句指出collective doctrine社会分类机制应该利益接出真正起作表示利益词efficiencyflexibilityshareholder valuebusinessfriendlywealth generation…表示公正义词(Justicefairnesstolerance…)置边缘见种教义(collective doctrine)关注利益忽略公正义显然种扭曲价值观A选项正确
40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph
[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance
[B] Common humanity is central news reporting
[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper
[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations
答案[C] moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper
解析道开放式推理题作者段前两句话指出新闻报道目促进读者理解追求公者违背类性通追求发行量影响率破坏生活文章开始指出问题追求利益造成正值感丧失ruin词出作者新闻记者行持否定态度通Ms Brooks女士行加佐证作者通正话反说方式突出新闻报道程中正值感重性正确答案Cmoral awareness matters in editing a newspaper(新闻报道中道德意识重)中moral awarenessintegrity义互换
Part B
41Cifyouareunfamiliar
42Eyoumakefurtherinferences
43D Rather we ascribe meanings to
44Bfactorssuchas
45Aarewestudyingthat
41答案[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms
解析首段疑问句出文章题围绕阅读进行展开41题空段中间需空处前句句前句说理解单词含义关注句法句说开始推测文章语境推测出41题空处应该说单词语义语境间联系关键词wordscontext览选项C项符合语境关键词求属词复现文语义逻辑关联正确答案选C
42答案[E] You make further inferences for instance
解析该题空段末需空处前句段首句前句说通作者出具体线索理解含义段首句说通种方式表达理解会推测出42空处容关根作者线索推测信息会涉理解关键词infer the writereach reader览选项E项符合语境出现inferences the author personal属义词复现正确答案选E
43答案[G] Rather we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis
解析空格出现明显指代线索词such background material空格必定出现相关信息浏览选项G选项中textual and contextual materialbackground空线索实现代词指代复现G选项中rather空前what is in question is not实现语义逻辑关联确定选项正确答案
44答案[B] Factors such as the place and period in which
解析空前线索词who we are空线索转折逻辑关系意思会理解仅仅关联者毫意义关键词interpretationrelativepointless空格中需出现相关联词汇浏览面选项B选项中出现原词interpretations选项中gender ethnicity age social class空前线索词who we are 相应确定正确答案选项
45答案[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond
解析空格段中间线索需空格前寻找空前概括句子关键词particular interest空出现代词指代线索such dimensions of reading suggest结合关键词知空格填部分容需涉阅读兴趣阅读维度浏览选项A选项提诸问题正关读书兴趣阅读维度确定A正确选项
Part C
46)种强动机驱动次运动片荒野建起国家身塑造未知陆性格命运
47)美国两种力量产物——思想俗民族特色异欧洲移民修改特征新国家影响产物
48)美国特理条件民族相互作维护原始老式方式纯粹困难新陆引起重变化
49)15—16世纪北美探索百年运该领土—美国—第船移民横渡西洋
50)拥丰富样树种原始森林真正宝库缅州直延伸乔治亚州
III Writing
Part A
范文1：
Dear Friends
I am writing to recommend to you a wonderful book The Seventh Key which is not only conductive to your study but also beneficial to your life
The book tells a story that two nephews of an old man try hard to find the seventh key first in order to win the legacy It discloses the moneyfirst attitude and heartlessness of people and tutors people about the life philosophy of No pains no gains What’s more the beautiful language in this original English book may contribute to your study of English in listening speaking reading and writing
I hope you would enjoy the book and share your opinion on the next reading session
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
Part B
范文1：
As is depicted above a number of young people are having a gathering of friends but instead of talking with each other each of them is addicted to his or her mobile phone The lower part of the picture we can see some Chinese characters which read the meeting in mobilephone era
Undoubtedly the author of the picture aims at reminding us of the double edge of the cell phone It is well known that thanks to the development of human civilization many formerly unimaginable things come into reality A case in point is the mobile phones We must admit that the smart phone indeed dramatically changes our life However if used improperly the mobile phones also can bring unhealthy sideeffects and imperil face to face communication between people It is not too much to say that being overaddicted to mobile phones will cost our health wisdom creativity friendship and even our ability to live
Weighing the pros and cons of both sides perhaps the best policy is to regulate it in such a way as to maximize its advantages At the same time we must avoid its harmful part Furthermore young people should be advised that spending too much time in using smart phones is bad for them
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2015年全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语（）试题答案详细解析
Section I Use of English
Directions Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A BC or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
Though not biologically related friends are as related as fourth cousins sharing about 1 of genes That is _(1)_a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has__(2)_
The study is a genomewide analysis conducted _(3)__1932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers The same people were used in both_(5)_
While 1 may seem_(6)_it is not so to a geneticist As James Fowler professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin
The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain for now_(10)_as the team suggests it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_functional Kinship of being friends with_(14)_
One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30000 years with social environment being a major_(17)_factor
The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds say the researchers Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects friends and strangers were taken from the same population
1 [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
2 [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
3 [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
4 [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
5 [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples
6 [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible
7 [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
8 [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
9 [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
10 [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
11 [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like
12 [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit
13 [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
14 [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits
15 [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier
16 [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express
17 [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive
18 [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency
19 [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
20 [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don’t abdicate they dare in their sleep But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euroelections have forced him to eat his words and stand down So does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle
The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy When public opinion is particularly polarised as it was following the end of the Franco regime monarchs can rise above mere politics and embody a spirit of national unity
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized And also the Middle East excepted Europe is the most monarchinfested region in the world with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra) But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a noncontroversial but respected public figure
Even so kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states
The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways Princes and princesses have dayjobs and ride bicycles not horses (or helicopters) Even so these are wealthy families who party with the international 1 and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image
While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example
It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if wellheeled) granny style The danger will come with Charles who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as noncontroversial and nonpolitical heads of state Charles ought to know that as English history shows it is kings not republicans who are the monarchy’s worst enemies
21 According to the first two Paragraphs King Juan Carlos of Spain
[A] used turn enjoy high public support
[B] was unpopular among European royals
[C] cased his relationship with his rivals
[D]ended his reign in embarrassment
22 Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly
[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status
[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality
[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to
[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment
23 Which of the following is shown to be odd according to Paragraph 4
[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth
[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies
[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families
[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges
24 The British royals have most to fear because Charles
[A] takes a rough line on political issues
[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised
[C] takes republicans as his potential allies
[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role
25 Which of the following is the best title of the text
[A] Carlos Glory and Disgrace Combined
[B] Charles Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
[C] Carlos a Lesson for All European Monarchs
[D]Charles Slow to React to the Coming Threats
Text 2
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest It is hard the state argues for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice Enough of the implications are discernable even obvious so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police lawyers and defendants
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to say rifling through a suspect’s purse The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history financial history medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence The development of cloud computing meanwhile has made that exploration so much the easier
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches
As so often is the case stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of linedrawing In many cases it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe urgent circumstances and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending The court though may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole New disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections Orin Kerr a law professor compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now
26 The Supreme Court will work out whether during an arrest it is legitimate to
[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents
[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant
[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized
[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones
27 The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of
[A] disapproval
[B] indifference
[C] tolerance
[D]cautiousness
28 The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] getting into one’s residence
[B] handling one’s historical records
[C] scanning one’s correspondences
[D] going through one’s wallet
29 In Paragraph 5 and 6 the author shows his concern that
[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed
[B] the court is giving police less room for action
[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
[D] phones are used to store sensitive information
30 Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that
[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution
[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution
[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered
Text 3
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peerreview process editorinchief Marcia McNutt announced today The policy follows similar efforts from other journals after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings
Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal writes McNutt in an editorial Working with the American Statistical Association the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE) Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change McNutt said The creation of the statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish
Giovanni Parmigiani a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health a member of the SBoRE group He says he expects the board to play primarily an advisory role He agreed to join because he found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel unique and likely to have a lasting impact This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science
John Ioannidis a physician who studies research methodology says that the policy is a most welcome step forward and long overdue Most journals are weak in statistical review and this damages the quality of what they publish I think that for the majority of scientific papers nowadays statistical review is more essential than expert review he says But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review
Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research according to David Vaux a cell biologist Researchers should improve their standards he wrote in 2012 but journals should also take a tougher line engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians has some merit but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place
31 It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that
[A] Science intends to simplify their peerreview process
[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks
[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis
[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects
32 The phrase flagged up (Para 2) is the closest in meaning to
[A] found
[B] marked
[C] revised
[D] stored
33 Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may
[A] pose a threat to all its peers
[B] meet with strong opposition
[C] increase Science’s circulation
[D]set an example for other journals
34 David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now
[A] adds to researchers’ workload
[B] diminishes the role of reviewers
[C] has room for further improvement
[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future
35 Which of the following is the best title of the text
[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers
[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect
[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks
[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science
Text 4
Two years ago Rupert Murdoch’s daughter Elisabeth spoke of the unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions Integrity had collapsed she argued because of a collective acceptance that the only sorting mechanism in society should be profit and the market But it’s us human beings we the people who create the society we want not profit
Driving her point home she continued It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose of a moral language within government media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International shield thought making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking
As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty oneseditor of the News of the World Andy Coulson for conspiring to hack phones and finding his predecessor Rebekah Brooks innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5500 people This is hacking on an industrial scale as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking Others await trial This long story still unfolds
In many respects the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing
In today’s world title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised For a generation the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit The words that have mattered are efficiency flexibility shareholder value business–friendly wealth generation sales impact and in newspapers circulation Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness tolerance proportionality and accountability
The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories but she asked no questions gave no instructions—nor received traceable recorded answers
36 According to the first two paragraphs Elisabeth was upset by
[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices
[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues
[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions
37 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime
[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge
[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions
38 The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference
[A] revealed a cunning personality
[B] centered on trivial issues
[C] was hardly convincing
[D] was part of a conspiracy
39 The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows
[A] generally distorted values
[B] unfair wealth distribution
[C] a marginalized lifestyle
[D] a rigid moral cote
40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph
[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance
[B] Common humanity is central news reporting
[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper
[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations
Part B
Directions
In the following text some sentences have been removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the fist AG to fit into each of the numbered blanks Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
How does your reading proceed Clearly you try to comprehend in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text for instance by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved who is making the utterance to whom when and where
The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problemsolving You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______
Conceived in this way comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute fixed or true meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy or some timeless relation of the text to the world (43) _______
Such background material inevitably reflects who we are (44) _______This doesn’t however make interpretation merely relative or even pointless Precisely because readers from different historical periods places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the pageincluding for texts that engage with fundamental human concernsdebates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values
How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it (45)_______such dimensions of read suggestas others introduced later in the book will also dothat we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller more advanced or more worthwhile than another Ideally different kinds of reading inform each other and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another Together they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment
[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course Reading it simply for pleasure Skimming it for information Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room
[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading our gender ethnicity age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others
[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms you guess at their meaning using clues presented in the contest On the assumption that they will become relevant later you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them
[D]In effect you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence image or reference might have had These might be the ones the author intended
[E]You make further inferences for instance about how the test may be significant to you or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible
[F]In playsnovels and narrative poems characters speak as constructs created by the author not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts
[G]Rather we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background social knowledge belief and attitude that we bring to the text
Section III Translation
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
Within the span of a hundred years in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America 46) This movement driven by powerful and diverse motivations built a nation out of a wilderness and by its nature shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent
47) The United States is the product of two principal forcesthe immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits Of necessity colonial America was a projection of Europe Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen Frenchmen Germans Scots Irishmen Dutchmen Swedes and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world
48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another and the sheer difficulty of maintaining oldworld ways in a raw new continent caused significant changes These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible But the result was a new social pattern which although it resembled European society in many ways had a character that was distinctly American
49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th and 16thcentury explorations of North America In the meantime thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico the West Indies and South America These travelers to North America came in small unmercifully overcrowded craft During their six to twelveweek voyage they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them Many of the ship were lost in storms many passengers died of disease and infants rarely survived the journey Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course and often calm brought unbearably long delay
To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief said one recorder of events The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a newblown garden The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasurehouse which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia Here was abundant fuel and lumber Here was the raw material of houses and furniture ships and potash dyes and naval stores
Section IV Writing
Part A
51 Directions
You are going to host a club reading session Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members
You should state reasons for your recommendation
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter Use Li Ming instead
Do not write the address (10 points)
Part B
52 Directions
Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain its intended meaning and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
手机时代聚会
参考答案详细解析
I cloze
1 [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
答案[D] what
解析该题考查语法知识根句子结构选项特点判断出空格处应填属连词引导句根句子容出该句项研究相关容(what)指研究时间(when) 原(why)方式(how)该题答案what
2 [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
答案[B] concluded
解析题句子前容判断出that is_______ 中that指第句话容(朋友基相关性)显然研究出结答案concluded
3 [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
答案[C] on
解析根空格句子容(研究1932分独特受试者进行分析)判断出进行分析象1932 unique subjectsconduct analysis on…固定表达
4 [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
答案[A] compared
解析该空格句子which 引导定语句修饰study意思：基相关朋友陌生进行_______研究容关朋友间基相关性问题完整意思应该：基相关朋友陌生进行较佳答案compared
5 [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples
答案[C] samples
解析根空格前容判断第五空止文章讲实验程实验象第五空格句子容：相实验中两类______根文语境容应该选实验象相应samples(样例)答案samples
6 [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible
答案[A] insignificant
解析空语境：1起似____遗传学家认空前形成转折逻辑关系文列举例子中知遗传学家James Fowler1基态度肯定答案A
7 [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
答案[D] know
解析空语境：数甚____隔三代表亲设法选择____亲戚作朋友填入词必须满足前句间转折逻辑关系四选项带入D选项符合文语义
8 [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
答案[A] resemble
解析空语境：数甚认识隔三代表亲设法选择____亲戚作朋友根全文中心：基相似性知题选择A
9 [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
答案[B] also
解析空句子开头The study…显然文话题继续阐述前文指出研究发现朋友1基关系空句the genes for smell were something shared in friends进步详细讨该话题前间接关系答案B
10 [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
答案[D] Perhaps
解析选项文字中句子结构判断空格处求填入够体现前两句子逻辑关系副词空前句子谈什嗅觉基方面存相似性难解释空紧接着出相关结明显矛盾结种确定推测答案D
11 [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like
答案[B] to
解析该题介词选择题半句出现较级见前文形成较关系半句介词保持致介词to该句翻译：(种相似性)吸引相环境更相似答案to
12 [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit
答案[A] drive
解析该句意思：机制作_____选择基相似朋友__________交朋友功关系根文知处填入动词需符合结构_____sb in doing sthB选项observe(观察遵守)C选项confuse(困惑)均法符合该结构A选项drive(驱)D选项limit(限制)根文知：机制驱选择基相似朋友符合文章题果选限制反干扰答案drive
13 [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
答案[B] rather than
解析填词逻辑关系短语空前说选择基相似朋友空说具实关系朋友知前立关系根文章题知肯定前者否定者锁定B选项rather thanA选项according to(根)没体现出立取舍关系排C选项regardless of()表步关系干扰性较强文章更强调取前舍排D选项along with(伴)表接排答案rather than
14 [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits
答案[D] benefits
解析根前文functional kinship(实关系)出D选项benefits(利益)前形成呼应A选项chances(机会)B选项responses(反应)C选项missions(命)均符合题意答案benefits
15 [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier
答案[C] faster
解析该句：evolving ______ than other genes(基进化______) 根词复现找该段第二句话中：human evolution picked pace in the last 30000 years(类进化30000年间提速)C 选项faster文picked pace(加速)形成呼应答案faster
16 [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express
答案[C] understand
解析题考查动词根语意空格面why引导宾语句意类进化三万年间加速原表示研究结果意义宾语句构成搭配C选项understandA选项forecast预测三万年相矛盾B选项remember记住D选项express均符合文意
17 [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive
答案[B] contributory
解析空需填入形容词表达社会环境类进步起作helppick pace两词表达积极含义处需填入带褒义感情色彩词 排A选项预测D选项破坏性 B C选项控语意关正确答案B选项contributory促进
18 [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency
答案[D] tendency
解析处进步陈述研究结A选项endeavor努力B选项决定C选项安排D选项倾文旨重解释交朋友觉种倾非通意识举动选择朋友正确答案D
19 [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
答案[C] ethnic
解析结合文意普遍希相似基背景C选项ethnic意种族民族文中次重复出现genes文the same population义复现正确答案C A选项political政治 B选项宗教D选项济均符合原文文意
20 [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell
答案[A] see
解析处考察动词动词势必前搭配see that 构成固定词组意务必……符合文意：受访者拥欧洲血统(研究者)然悉心确保受访者朋友陌生群种选项B展示选项C证明选项D辨均含义符合文意
II Reading comprehension
Part A
21 According to the first two Paragraphs King Juan Carlos of Spain
[A] used turn enjoy high public support
[B] was unpopular among European royals
[C] cased his relationship with his rivals
[D]ended his reign in embarrassment
答案[D] ended his reign in embarrassment
解析事实细节题根题干求定位文章前两段文章第段第二句话提But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euroelections have forced him to eat his words and stand down(欧洲选举中令尴尬丑闻受欢迎均迫Carlos收回前言退位)D选项中stand downend reign义置换embarrassment导致Carlos卸原embarrassing scandals相呼应D正确答案ABC均属中生
22 Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly
[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status
[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality
[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to
[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment
答案[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status
解析事实细节题根题干关键词monarchsheads of state定位第三段句话most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a noncontroversial but respected public figure(数王室幸存选民避免寻找受争议受尊敬公众物困难)中noncontroversial but respected public figure正A选项中undoubted and respectable status义置换A正确答案
23 Which of the following is shown to be odd according to Paragraph 4
[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth
[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies
[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families
[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges
答案[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies
解析事实细节题定位第四段句话it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states(离奇富贵族竟然现代民国家象征核心)中the symbolic heart of modern democratic states题干the role of the nobility in modern democracies义置换
24 The British royals have most to fear because Charles
[A] takes a rough line on political issues
[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised
[C] takes republicans as his potential allies
[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role
答案[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role
解析事实细节题该题考查：英国皇家贵族非常害怕查尔斯……根题干专名词Charles定位文章第七段the danger will come with Charlesworst enemies段指出危险源查尔斯生活奢靡等级观念显著没意识君王幸存程度取决君王提供公服务时查尔斯知道国王君制度敌非选项A意：政治问题态度强硬文章提选项B意建议生活方式改变失败文章中提生活方式未提改变生活方式选项C意：视潜盟友文章中提非敌未指明视盟友属偷换概念选项D意：适应未身份失败文章指出查尔斯生活方式世界观君王制度错误理解均身份特殊正确言行选项D表述吻合正确答案
25 Which of the following is the best title of the text
[A] Carlos Glory and Disgrace Combined
[B] Charles Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
[C] Carlos a Lesson for All European Monarchs
[D]Charles Slow to React to the Coming Threats
答案[C] Carlos a Lesson for All European Monarchs
解析旨意题该题考察四选项中作文章佳标题文章西班牙国王Carlos退位事件切入讨欧洲君王制度存问题非讨查尔斯事件排选项B查尔斯—继位焦虑D查尔斯—应威胁缓慢选项A卡洛斯—荣辱存 C卡洛斯—欧洲君王前车鉴中选项A属细节信息概括文章意选项C概括正确答案外文章题词Monarch选项C中出现作迅速解题
26 The Supreme Court will work out whether during an arrest it is legitimate to
[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents
[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant
[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized
[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones
答案[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized
解析道事实细节题根题干关键词The Supreme Court回文定位第段第二句话The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest选项原文中police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant选项C check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized义换选项均关选项
27 The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of
[A] disapproval
[B] indifference
[C] tolerance
[D]cautiousness
答案[A] disapproval
解析题观点态度题考察作者态度根题干关键词California’s argument定位文章第四段第句They should start by discarding California’s lame argument…第四段第句话中discard(抛弃)lame(没说服力)出作者California’s argument 支持态度选A
28 The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] getting into one’s residence
[B] handling one’s historical records
[C] scanning one’s correspondences
[D] going through one’s wallet
答案[A] getting into one’s residence
解析根题干关键词the author believesexploring one’s phone contents is comparable to回文定位文章第四段第三句But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home选项A语义致中getting intoentering应one’s residencehis or her home应A选项正确答案
29 The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed
[B] the court is giving police less room for action
[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
[D] phones are used to store sensitive information
答案[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
解析根题干信息In paragraphs 5and 6定位第5段第句话Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy第6段句话and they could take reasonable measures to推知作者顾虑答案C
30 Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that
[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution
[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution
[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered
答案[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
解析道例证题根题干关键词Orin Kerr回文定位文章段作者引Orin Kerr较说明相关点分析段结构知段第三句第四句阐述该例子身相关点应该前面找第二句话Newdisruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protection选项A义换中be implementedapplications应novelflexibly应
31 It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that
[A] Science intends to simplify their peerreview process
[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks
[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis
[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects
答案[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks
解析推理题根题干直接定位第段解题关键第二句The policy follows similar efforts from other journals(该政策期刊类似努力)the policy指第句The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peerreview process (科学杂志统计检查额外添加行评审程中)直接推断出正确答案[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks (期刊正加强统计数字检查)选项[A]中simplify原文语意符选项CD属中生
32 The phrase flagged up (Para 2) is the closest in meaning to
[A] found
[B] marked
[C] revised
[D] stored
答案[C] marked
解析词义题根题干定位回第二段第三句Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors (杂志部编辑通更审查标记手稿)文中运代入法选项代入句中换知选项C marked(标记)正确答案选项A found(发现找)选项B revised(修改)选项 D stored(存储)
33 Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may
[A] pose a threat to all its peers
[B] meet with strong opposition
[C] increase Science’s circulation
[D]set an example for other journals
答案[D] set an example for other journals
解析细节题根题干关键词Giovanni Parmigianithe establishment of the SBoREmay定位第四段句… but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science选项中examplemodel义换others journals原文中a larger group of publishing places义换
文章中出现hopefully表示作者积极态度选项A中threat选项B中opposition分表达负消极态度错误选项C increase Science’s circulation(增加科学杂志发行量)文章未提属中生
34 David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now
[A] adds to researchers’ workload
[B] diminishes the role of reviewers
[C] has room for further improvement
[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future
答案[C] has room for further improvement
解析细节题题干关键词David VauxScience定位第六段句Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians has some merit but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place (科学杂志文推统计员审核优点缺点赖审稿编委会首先需确定审查文件)
选项A中workload选项B diminish the role of reviewers选项D中foreseeable future没提属中生
35 Which of the following is the best title of the text
[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers
[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect
[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks
[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science
答案A science joins push to screen statistics in papers
解析文章第段Science增加statistical checks引出话题接段问题McNutt Giovanni Parmigianni John Ioannidis David Vaux提出法文中statisticalpapers反复提知该词文中核心词选项B选项D首先排偏离题statisticians仅文中提非重点讨容选项C文中题相差较排
36 According to the first two paragraphs Elisabeth was upset by
[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices
[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues
[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions
答案[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
解析通题干题锁定前两段第段指出Elisabeth谈机构面着令沮丧正直感丧失接第二句指出种正直感丧失家普遍认社会中唯分类机制(sorting mechanism)应该利益市场第段句出认应该类创造想社会应该利益见Elisabeth认目前种分类机制(sorting mechanism)造成良果正感沮丧原A选项consequence of the current sorting mechanism(目前种分类机制果)真正沮丧原
37 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime
[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge
[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions
答案[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
解析第三段第句指出Andy Coulson参手机黑客案件裁定罪然前认定罪通事件作者出造成道德沦丧广泛问题然存(the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands)然存没裁定罪接着文章指出新闻业中已记者认定非法侵入户手机等审判(others await trial)推出会更记者涉手机黑客案件裁定罪正确答案选项B
38 The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference
[A] revealed a cunning personality
[B] centered on trivial issues
[C] was hardly convincing
[D] was part of a conspiracy
答案[C] was hardly convincing
解析根题干中defence回文定位文章第四段句话该句指出Ms Brooks辩护成功关键事件知(she knew nothing)作者该段第句话中指出道德丧失仅体现普遍存手机黑客事实更体现审判案件条款中震惊Ms Brooks审判见作者该案审判持否定态度认辩护信正确答案C
39 The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows
[A] generally distorted values
[B] unfair wealth distribution
[C] a marginalized lifestyle
[D] a rigid moral cote
答案[A] (generally distorted values)
解析通题干中collective doctrine直接定位文中第五段第三行该句指出collective doctrine社会分类机制应该利益接出真正起作表示利益词efficiencyflexibilityshareholder valuebusinessfriendlywealth generation…表示公正义词(Justicefairnesstolerance…)置边缘见种教义(collective doctrine)关注利益忽略公正义显然种扭曲价值观A选项正确
40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph
[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance
[B] Common humanity is central news reporting
[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper
[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations
答案[C] moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper
解析道开放式推理题作者段前两句话指出新闻报道目促进读者理解追求公者违背类性通追求发行量影响率破坏生活文章开始指出问题追求利益造成正值感丧失ruin词出作者新闻记者行持否定态度通Ms Brooks女士行加佐证作者通正话反说方式突出新闻报道程中正值感重性正确答案Cmoral awareness matters in editing a newspaper(新闻报道中道德意识重)中moral awarenessintegrity义互换
Part B
41Cifyouareunfamiliar
42Eyoumakefurtherinferences
43D Rather we ascribe meanings to
44Bfactorssuchas
45Aarewestudyingthat
41答案[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms
解析首段疑问句出文章题围绕阅读进行展开41题空段中间需空处前句句前句说理解单词含义关注句法句说开始推测文章语境推测出41题空处应该说单词语义语境间联系关键词wordscontext览选项C项符合语境关键词求属词复现文语义逻辑关联正确答案选C
42答案[E] You make further inferences for instance
解析该题空段末需空处前句段首句前句说通作者出具体线索理解含义段首句说通种方式表达理解会推测出42空处容关根作者线索推测信息会涉理解关键词infer the writereach reader览选项E项符合语境出现inferences the author personal属义词复现正确答案选E
43答案[G] Rather we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis
解析空格出现明显指代线索词such background material空格必定出现相关信息浏览选项G选项中textual and contextual materialbackground空线索实现代词指代复现G选项中rather空前what is in question is not实现语义逻辑关联确定选项正确答案
44答案[B] Factors such as the place and period in which
解析空前线索词who we are空线索转折逻辑关系意思会理解仅仅关联者毫意义关键词interpretationrelativepointless空格中需出现相关联词汇浏览面选项B选项中出现原词interpretations选项中gender ethnicity age social class空前线索词who we are 相应确定正确答案选项
45答案[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond
解析空格段中间线索需空格前寻找空前概括句子关键词particular interest空出现代词指代线索such dimensions of reading suggest结合关键词知空格填部分容需涉阅读兴趣阅读维度浏览选项A选项提诸问题正关读书兴趣阅读维度确定A正确选项
Part C
46)种强动机驱动次运动片荒野建起国家身塑造未知陆性格命运
47)美国两种力量产物——思想俗民族特色异欧洲移民修改特征新国家影响产物
48)美国特理条件民族相互作维护原始老式方式纯粹困难新陆引起重变化
49)15—16世纪北美探索百年运该领土—美国—第船移民横渡西洋
50)拥丰富样树种原始森林真正宝库缅州直延伸乔治亚州
III Writing
Part A
范文1：
Dear Friends
I am writing to recommend to you a wonderful book The Seventh Key which is not only conductive to your study but also beneficial to your life
The book tells a story that two nephews of an old man try hard to find the seventh key first in order to win the legacy It discloses the moneyfirst attitude and heartlessness of people and tutors people about the life philosophy of No pains no gains What’s more the beautiful language in this original English book may contribute to your study of English in listening speaking reading and writing
I hope you would enjoy the book and share your opinion on the next reading session
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
Part B
范文1：
As is depicted above a number of young people are having a gathering of friends but instead of talking with each other each of them is addicted to his or her mobile phone The lower part of the picture we can see some Chinese characters which read the meeting in mobilephone era
Undoubtedly the author of the picture aims at reminding us of the double edge of the cell phone It is well known that thanks to the development of human civilization many formerly unimaginable things come into reality A case in point is the mobile phones We must admit that the smart phone indeed dramatically changes our life However if used improperly the mobile phones also can bring unhealthy sideeffects and imperil face to face communication between people It is not too much to say that being overaddicted to mobile phones will cost our health wisdom creativity friendship and even our ability to live
Weighing the pros and cons of both sides perhaps the best policy is to regulate it in such a way as to maximize its advantages At the same time we must avoid its harmful part Furthermore young people should be advised that spending too much time in using smart phones is bad for them
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