科毕业文（设计）
相关中英文翻译资料
资料题目：铣削
学生姓名：
院系：机电学院
学专业：机电技术教育
MILLING
Milling is a basic machining process in which the surface is generated by the progressive formation and removal of chips of material from the workpiece as it is fed to a rotating cutter in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the cutter In some cases the workpiece is stationary and the cutter is fed to the work In most instances a multipletooth cutter is used so that the metal removal rate is high and frequently the desired surface is obtained in a single pass of the work
The tool used in milling is known as a milling cutter It usually consists of a cylindrical body which rotates on its axis and contains equally spaced peripheral teeth that intermittently engage and cut the workpiece 1 In some cases the teeth extend part way across one or both Ends of the cylinder
Because the milling principle provides rapid metal removal and can produce good surface finish it is particularly wellsuited for massproduction work and excellent milling machines have been developed for this purpose However very accurate and versatile milling Machines of a generalpurpose nature also have been developed that are widely used in jobshop and tool and die work A shop that is equipped with a milling machine and an engine lathe can machine almost any type of product of suitable size
Types of Milling Operations Milling operations can be classified into two broad categories each of which has several variations
1 In peripheral milling a surface is generated by teeth located in the periphery of the cutter body the surface is parallel with the axis of rotation of the cutter Both flat and formed surfaces can be produced by this method The cross section of the resulting surface corresponds to the axial contour of the cutter This procedure often is called slab milling
2 In face milling the generated flat surface is at right angles to the cutter axis and is the combined result of the actions of the portions of the teeth located on both the periphery and the face of the cutter 2 The major portion of the cutting is done by the peripheral portions of the teeth with the face portions providing a finishing action
The basic concepts of peripheral and face milling are illustrated in Fig 161 Peripheral milling operations usually are performed on machines having horizontal spindles whereas face milling is done on both horizontal and verticalspindle machines
Surface Generation in Mimng Surfaces can be generated in milling by two distinctly different methods depicted in Fig 162 Note that in up milling the cutter rotates againsi the direction of feed the workpiece whereas in down milling the rotation is in the same direction as the feed As shown in Fig 162 the method of chip formation is quite different in the two cases In up milling the c hip is very thin at the beginning where the tooth first contacts the work and increases in thickness becoming a maximum where the tooth leaves the work The cutter tends topush the work along and lift it upward from Toolwork relationshios in peripheral and face milling the table This action tends to eliminate any effect of looseness in the feed screw and nut of the milling machine table and results in a smooth cut However the action also tends to loosen the work from the clamping device so that greater clamping forcers must be employed In addition the smoothness of the generated surface depends greatly on the sharpness of the cutting edges
In down milling maximum chip thickness cecum close to the point at which the tooth contacts the work Because the relative motion tends to pull the workpiece into the cutter all possibility of looseness in the table feed screw must be eliminated if down milling is to be used It should never be attempted on machines that are not designed for this type of milling Inasmush as the material yields in approximately a tangential direction at the end of the tooth engagement there is much less tendency for the machined surface to show tooth marks than when up milling is used Another considerable advantage of down milling is that the cutting force tends to hold the work against the machine table permitting lower clamping force to be employed 3 This is particularly advantageous when milling thin workpiece or when taking heavy cuts
Sometimes a disadvantage of down milling is that the cutter teeth strike against the surface of the work at the beginning of each chip When the workpiece has a hard surface such as castings do this may cause the teeth to dull rapidly
Milling Cutters Milling cutters can be classified several ways One method is to group them into two broad classes based on tooth relief as follows
1Profilecutters have relief provided on each tooth by grinding a small land back of the cutting edge The cutting edge may be straight or curved
2In form or camreheved cutters the cross section of each tooth is an eccentric curve behind the cutting edge thus providing relief All sections of the eccentric relief parallel with the cutting edge must have the same contour as the cutting edge Cutters of this type are sharpened by grinding only the face of the teeth with the contour of the cutting edge thus remaining unchanged
Another useful method of classification is according to the method of mounting the cutter Arbor cutters are those that have a center hole so they can be mounted on an arbor Shank cutters have either tapered or straight integral shank Those with tapered shanks can be mounted directly in the milling machine spindle whereas straightshank cutters are held in a chuck Facing cutters usually are bolted to the end of a stub arbor
The common types of milling cutters classified by this system are as follows
Types of Milling Cutters Hain milling cutters are cylindrical or diskshaped having straight or helical teeth on the periphery They are used for milling flat surfaces This type of operation is called plai n or slab milling Each tooth in a helical cutter engages the work gradually and usually more than one tooth cuts at a given time This reduces shock and chattering tendencies and promotes a smoother surface Consequently this type of cutter usually is preferred over one with straight teeth
Side milling cutters are similar to plain milling cutters except that the teeth extend radially part way across one or both ends of the cylinder toward the center The teeth may be either straight or helical Frequently these cutters are relatively narrow being disklike in shape Two or more side milling cutters often are spaced on an arbor to make simultaneous parallel cuts in an operation called straddle milling
Interlocking slotting cutters consist of two cutters similar to side mills but made to operate as a unit for milling slots The two cutters are adjusted to the desired width by inserting shims between them
Staggeredtooth milling cutters are narrow cylindrical cutters having staggered teeth and with alternate teeth having opposite helix angles They are ground to cut only on the periphery but each tooth also has chip clearance ground on the protruding side These cutters have a free cutting action that makes them particnlarly effective in milling deep slots
Metalslitting saws are thin plain milling cutters usually from 132 to 316 inch thick which have their sides slightly dished to provide clearance and prevent binding They usually have more teeth per inch of diameter than ordinary plain milling cutters and are used for milling deep narrow slots and for cuttingoff operations
铣 削
铣削机械加工基础方法加工程中工件垂直旋转刀具轴线方进时工件形成切屑逐渐铣出表面时候工件固定刀具处进状态数情况齿刀具金属切削量需次铣削获期表面铣削加工中刀具称做铣刀通常绕轴线旋转周边带间距齿圆柱体铣刀齿间歇性接触切削工件某情况铣刀刀齿会高出圆柱体端两端
铣削切削金属速度快产生良表面光洁度特适合规模生产加工实现目已制造出质量流铣床然机修车间工具模具加工中已广泛非常精确功通铣床车间里拥台铣床台普通车床加工出具适合尺寸种产品
铣削操作类型：铣削操作分成两种类类种类型
1．圆周铣削 圆周铣削中铣刀刀齿固定刀体圆周面工件铣削表面旋转刀具轴线行加工表面种方法加工出面成型表面加工中表面横截面刀具轴外轮廓相致种加工程常称面铣削
2．端面铣削 铣削面刀具轴线垂直加工面刀具位周边端面齿综合作形成刀具周边齿完成铣削务端面齿精铣
圆周铣削端面铣削基概念圆周铣削通常卧式铣床端铣削卧式铣床立式铣床进行
铣削面形成：铣削时采两种完全方法应注意逆铣时铣刀旋转方工件进方相反铣时铣刀旋转工件进方相逆铣程中铣刀齿刚切工件时切屑非常薄然渐渐增厚刀齿离开工件方切屑厚两种铣削方法中切屑形成逆铣程中刀具推动工什丌工件工作台提升趋势种作助消铣床工作台进螺杆螺母间间隙形成稳切削然种作造成工件夹紧装置间松动趋势时应施加更夹紧力外铣削表面整度取决切削刃锋利程度
铣时切屑厚度产生刀具工件接触点处相运动趋工件拉铣刀果采铣法消工作台进螺杆产生松动铣铣床采铣方法铣刀结束切削时处切线方切材料发生屈服逆铣相铣加工表面没什切痕铣优势切削力趋工件压紧工作台工件夹紧力逆铣优势铣削较薄工件进行强力切削铣弱点铣刀齿刚切削片铁屑时刀齿会撞击工件表面果工件表面坚硬铸件会刀齿迅速变钝
铣刀分类种方法种方法根刀具角铣刀分两类：
1．仿形铣刀 刀齿切削刃背面磨棱面形成角切削刃直线曲线
2．成形凸轮形角铣刀 齿横截面切削刃背面呈偏心曲线状产生角偏心角面切削刃行具切削刃相形状种类型铣刀仅需磨削齿前刀面变锋利切削刃外形保持变铣刀种分类方法根铣刀安装方法进行分类心轴铣刀带中心孔铣刀安装心轴带柄铣刀锥柄直柄轴含锥形轴柄铣刀直接安装铣床轴直柄轴铣刀夹持卡盘里—面铣刀通常螺栓固定刀轴末端
根种分类方法通型铣刀分类：
心轴铣刀：圆柱形铣刀角度铣刀侧刃铣刀嵌齿铣刀错齿铣刀成形铣刀开槽铣刀高速切削刀
带柄铣刀：端面铣刀T形槽铣刀整体式铣刀半圆键座铣刀套式铣刀高速切削刀空心铣刀
铣刀类型 圆柱形铣刀圆周直螺旋形齿圆柱形盘形铣刀铣削面种铣削称做面铣削螺旋形铣刀齿逐渐接触工件定时间般齿进行铣削样减少震动获较滑表面直齿铣刀相种类型铣刀通常更 ’
侧刃铣刀齿圆柱刀体端两端径延伸外圆柱形铣刀相似侧刃铣刀刀齿直线螺旋形种铣刀般较窄具盘形形状跨式铣削加工中常常两更侧刃铣刀时相间安装刀杆步行切削
双联槽铣刀两侧刃铣刀组成铣槽时作组铣刀进行操作两铣刀间添加薄垫片调整间间距
错齿铣刀较薄圆柱形铣刀刀相互交错刀齿相邻刀齿具相反螺旋角种铣刀研磨仅周铣齿突出边留供切屑排出缝隙种类型铣刀高速切削铣削深槽时发挥独特作
开槽铣刀种薄型圆柱形铣刀厚度般1／32—3／16英寸种铣刀侧面呈盘状间隙防止粘连圆柱形铣刀相种类型铣刀英寸直径齿数更通常铣削较深狭窄槽切割加工
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科毕业文（设计）
相关中英文翻译资料
资料题目：铣削
学生姓名：
院系：机电学院
学专业：机电技术教育
MILLING
Milling is a basic machining process in which the surface is generated by the progressive formation and removal of chips of material from the workpiece as it is fed to a rotating cutter in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the cutter In some cases the workpiece is stationary and the cutter is fed to the work In most instances a multipletooth cutter is used so that the metal removal rate is high and frequently the desired surface is obtained in a single pass of the work
The tool used in milling is known as a milling cutter It usually consists of a cylindrical body which rotates on its axis and contains equally spaced peripheral teeth that intermittently engage and cut the workpiece 1 In some cases the teeth extend part way across one or both Ends of the cylinder
Because the milling principle provides rapid metal removal and can produce good surface finish it is particularly wellsuited for massproduction work and excellent milling machines have been developed for this purpose However very accurate and versatile milling Machines of a generalpurpose nature also have been developed that are widely used in jobshop and tool and die work A shop that is equipped with a milling machine and an engine lathe can machine almost any type of product of suitable size
Types of Milling Operations Milling operations can be classified into two broad categories each of which has several variations
1 In peripheral milling a surface is generated by teeth located in the periphery of the cutter body the surface is parallel with the axis of rotation of the cutter Both flat and formed surfaces can be produced by this method The cross section of the resulting surface corresponds to the axial contour of the cutter This procedure often is called slab milling
2 In face milling the generated flat surface is at right angles to the cutter axis and is the combined result of the actions of the portions of the teeth located on both the periphery and the face of the cutter 2 The major portion of the cutting is done by the peripheral portions of the teeth with the face portions providing a finishing action
The basic concepts of peripheral and face milling are illustrated in Fig 161 Peripheral milling operations usually are performed on machines having horizontal spindles whereas face milling is done on both horizontal and verticalspindle machines
Surface Generation in Mimng Surfaces can be generated in milling by two distinctly different methods depicted in Fig 162 Note that in up milling the cutter rotates againsi the direction of feed the workpiece whereas in down milling the rotation is in the same direction as the feed As shown in Fig 162 the method of chip formation is quite different in the two cases In up milling the c hip is very thin at the beginning where the tooth first contacts the work and increases in thickness becoming a maximum where the tooth leaves the work The cutter tends topush the work along and lift it upward from Toolwork relationshios in peripheral and face milling the table This action tends to eliminate any effect of looseness in the feed screw and nut of the milling machine table and results in a smooth cut However the action also tends to loosen the work from the clamping device so that greater clamping forcers must be employed In addition the smoothness of the generated surface depends greatly on the sharpness of the cutting edges
In down milling maximum chip thickness cecum close to the point at which the tooth contacts the work Because the relative motion tends to pull the workpiece into the cutter all possibility of looseness in the table feed screw must be eliminated if down milling is to be used It should never be attempted on machines that are not designed for this type of milling Inasmush as the material yields in approximately a tangential direction at the end of the tooth engagement there is much less tendency for the machined surface to show tooth marks than when up milling is used Another considerable advantage of down milling is that the cutting force tends to hold the work against the machine table permitting lower clamping force to be employed 3 This is particularly advantageous when milling thin workpiece or when taking heavy cuts
Sometimes a disadvantage of down milling is that the cutter teeth strike against the surface of the work at the beginning of each chip When the workpiece has a hard surface such as castings do this may cause the teeth to dull rapidly
Milling Cutters Milling cutters can be classified several ways One method is to group them into two broad classes based on tooth relief as follows
1Profilecutters have relief provided on each tooth by grinding a small land back of the cutting edge The cutting edge may be straight or curved
2In form or camreheved cutters the cross section of each tooth is an eccentric curve behind the cutting edge thus providing relief All sections of the eccentric relief parallel with the cutting edge must have the same contour as the cutting edge Cutters of this type are sharpened by grinding only the face of the teeth with the contour of the cutting edge thus remaining unchanged
Another useful method of classification is according to the method of mounting the cutter Arbor cutters are those that have a center hole so they can be mounted on an arbor Shank cutters have either tapered or straight integral shank Those with tapered shanks can be mounted directly in the milling machine spindle whereas straightshank cutters are held in a chuck Facing cutters usually are bolted to the end of a stub arbor
The common types of milling cutters classified by this system are as follows
Types of Milling Cutters Hain milling cutters are cylindrical or diskshaped having straight or helical teeth on the periphery They are used for milling flat surfaces This type of operation is called plai n or slab milling Each tooth in a helical cutter engages the work gradually and usually more than one tooth cuts at a given time This reduces shock and chattering tendencies and promotes a smoother surface Consequently this type of cutter usually is preferred over one with straight teeth
Side milling cutters are similar to plain milling cutters except that the teeth extend radially part way across one or both ends of the cylinder toward the center The teeth may be either straight or helical Frequently these cutters are relatively narrow being disklike in shape Two or more side milling cutters often are spaced on an arbor to make simultaneous parallel cuts in an operation called straddle milling
Interlocking slotting cutters consist of two cutters similar to side mills but made to operate as a unit for milling slots The two cutters are adjusted to the desired width by inserting shims between them
Staggeredtooth milling cutters are narrow cylindrical cutters having staggered teeth and with alternate teeth having opposite helix angles They are ground to cut only on the periphery but each tooth also has chip clearance ground on the protruding side These cutters have a free cutting action that makes them particnlarly effective in milling deep slots
Metalslitting saws are thin plain milling cutters usually from 132 to 316 inch thick which have their sides slightly dished to provide clearance and prevent binding They usually have more teeth per inch of diameter than ordinary plain milling cutters and are used for milling deep narrow slots and for cuttingoff operations
铣 削
铣削机械加工基础方法加工程中工件垂直旋转刀具轴线方进时工件形成切屑逐渐铣出表面时候工件固定刀具处进状态数情况齿刀具金属切削量需次铣削获期表面铣削加工中刀具称做铣刀通常绕轴线旋转周边带间距齿圆柱体铣刀齿间歇性接触切削工件某情况铣刀刀齿会高出圆柱体端两端
铣削切削金属速度快产生良表面光洁度特适合规模生产加工实现目已制造出质量流铣床然机修车间工具模具加工中已广泛非常精确功通铣床车间里拥台铣床台普通车床加工出具适合尺寸种产品
铣削操作类型：铣削操作分成两种类类种类型
1．圆周铣削 圆周铣削中铣刀刀齿固定刀体圆周面工件铣削表面旋转刀具轴线行加工表面种方法加工出面成型表面加工中表面横截面刀具轴外轮廓相致种加工程常称面铣削
2．端面铣削 铣削面刀具轴线垂直加工面刀具位周边端面齿综合作形成刀具周边齿完成铣削务端面齿精铣
圆周铣削端面铣削基概念圆周铣削通常卧式铣床端铣削卧式铣床立式铣床进行
铣削面形成：铣削时采两种完全方法应注意逆铣时铣刀旋转方工件进方相反铣时铣刀旋转工件进方相逆铣程中铣刀齿刚切工件时切屑非常薄然渐渐增厚刀齿离开工件方切屑厚两种铣削方法中切屑形成逆铣程中刀具推动工什丌工件工作台提升趋势种作助消铣床工作台进螺杆螺母间间隙形成稳切削然种作造成工件夹紧装置间松动趋势时应施加更夹紧力外铣削表面整度取决切削刃锋利程度
铣时切屑厚度产生刀具工件接触点处相运动趋工件拉铣刀果采铣法消工作台进螺杆产生松动铣铣床采铣方法铣刀结束切削时处切线方切材料发生屈服逆铣相铣加工表面没什切痕铣优势切削力趋工件压紧工作台工件夹紧力逆铣优势铣削较薄工件进行强力切削铣弱点铣刀齿刚切削片铁屑时刀齿会撞击工件表面果工件表面坚硬铸件会刀齿迅速变钝
铣刀分类种方法种方法根刀具角铣刀分两类：
1．仿形铣刀 刀齿切削刃背面磨棱面形成角切削刃直线曲线
2．成形凸轮形角铣刀 齿横截面切削刃背面呈偏心曲线状产生角偏心角面切削刃行具切削刃相形状种类型铣刀仅需磨削齿前刀面变锋利切削刃外形保持变铣刀种分类方法根铣刀安装方法进行分类心轴铣刀带中心孔铣刀安装心轴带柄铣刀锥柄直柄轴含锥形轴柄铣刀直接安装铣床轴直柄轴铣刀夹持卡盘里—面铣刀通常螺栓固定刀轴末端
根种分类方法通型铣刀分类：
心轴铣刀：圆柱形铣刀角度铣刀侧刃铣刀嵌齿铣刀错齿铣刀成形铣刀开槽铣刀高速切削刀
带柄铣刀：端面铣刀T形槽铣刀整体式铣刀半圆键座铣刀套式铣刀高速切削刀空心铣刀
铣刀类型 圆柱形铣刀圆周直螺旋形齿圆柱形盘形铣刀铣削面种铣削称做面铣削螺旋形铣刀齿逐渐接触工件定时间般齿进行铣削样减少震动获较滑表面直齿铣刀相种类型铣刀通常更 ’
侧刃铣刀齿圆柱刀体端两端径延伸外圆柱形铣刀相似侧刃铣刀刀齿直线螺旋形种铣刀般较窄具盘形形状跨式铣削加工中常常两更侧刃铣刀时相间安装刀杆步行切削
双联槽铣刀两侧刃铣刀组成铣槽时作组铣刀进行操作两铣刀间添加薄垫片调整间间距
错齿铣刀较薄圆柱形铣刀刀相互交错刀齿相邻刀齿具相反螺旋角种铣刀研磨仅周铣齿突出边留供切屑排出缝隙种类型铣刀高速切削铣削深槽时发挥独特作
开槽铣刀种薄型圆柱形铣刀厚度般1／32—3／16英寸种铣刀侧面呈盘状间隙防止粘连圆柱形铣刀相种类型铣刀英寸直径齿数更通常铣削较深狭窄槽切割加工
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《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
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