Part I READING ORGANIZERPROCEDURE
Purpose Tells what will be made or done
May include a brief description of the product
Requirements List of what is needed
List may include ingredients materials and tools etc
Steps In order of what needs to be done
Include pictures
Steps clearly explain What needs to be done How it needs to be done Steps usually start with an action verb
Steps are numbered in order 1
2
3
4
5
Part II Answer the following questions
1 What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph
A It’s delicate B It’s expensive
C It’s complex D It’s portable
2 What does the underlined phrase the water catcher in paragraph 2 refer to
A The tube B The still C The hole D The cup
3 What is the last step of constructing a working solar still
A Dig a hole of a certain size B Put the cup in place
C Weight the sheet’s center down D Cover the hole with the plastic sheet
4 When a solar still works drops of water come into the cup from
A the plastic tube B outside the hole
C the open air D beneath the shee
Part III Reading and Comprehension
A
Have you ever heard someone say You totally look like you’re a Jessica or something similar People seem to think that they know what kind of person a Jessica or a Michael looks like Why is this
According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology humans tend to associate people＇s names with their appearances and can even guess someone’s name based on how they look
Researchers collected thousands of photos of people faces They labeled(贴标签) each photo with four names
Then they asked volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct
The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38 of the time It seems that certain characteristics of faces give them clues about someone’s name Reader＇s Digest reported
However this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture In addition the volunteers were not as good at guessing the real names of people who used nicknames more often than their real names This may show that a person＇s appearance is affected ed by their name only if they use it often
This kind of facename matching happens because of a process of a selffulfilling prophecy(预言)as we become
what other people expect us to become Ruth Mayo from Tile University told science news website EurekAlert
Earlier studies have shown that gender and race stereotypes((刻板印象) can affect a person’s appearance The researchers believe there are also similar stereotypes about names For example people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round People may think that women named Rose are beautiful They expect them to be delicate and female just like the flower they are named for
1 How is this passage developed
A By giving examples B By asking questions
C By introducing an experiment D By comparing different cases
2 Why do some people look like their names according to Ruth Mayo
A They want to please everyone around them
B They don’t want to be different from others
C They tend to become what others expect them to become
D They loke to copy famous people who share the same name
3 What may be the best title for this passage
A What determines our names B Why we look like our names
C How we get rid of our stereotypes D How stereotypes affect people’s looks
Homework Assignment A
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research both the size and consumption habits of our
eating companions can influence our food intake And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份) it＇s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments In the first 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面)participate in a study about movie
viewership Before the film began each woman was asked to help herself to a snack An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first In her natural state the actor weighed 105 pounds But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food The participants followed suit taking more food than they normally would have However they took significantly more when the actor was thin
For the second test in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls In the other case she took 30 pieces The results were similar to the first test the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we＇re making decisions If this fellow participant is going to eat more so will I Call it the I＇ll have what she＇s having effect However we＇ll adjust the influence If an overweight person is having a large portion I＇ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits But if a thin person eats a lot I＇ll follow suit If he can eat much and keep slim why can＇t I
1 What is the recent study mainly about
A Food safety B Movie viewership C Consumer demand D Eating behavior
2 What does the underlined word beanpoles in Paragraph 1 refer to
A Big eaters B Overweight persons C Picky eaters D Tall thin persons
3 Why did the researchers hire the actor
A To see how she would affect the participants
B To test if the participants could recognize her
C To find out what she would do in the two tests
D To study why she could keep her weight down
4 On what basis do we adjust the influence according to the last paragraph
A How hungry we are
B How slim we want to be
C How we perceive others
D How we feel about the food
B
Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners
One study involved sixtyeight healthy young women and men who ran at least twentyfour kilometers a week The runners were observed on a treadmill machine(跑步机) Sometimes they wore running shoes Other times they ran barefoot(赤脚)
Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees hips and ankle joints than running barefoot They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine
The other study appeared in the journal Nature It compared runners in the United States and Kenya The
researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland
They divided the runners into three groups One group had always run shoeless Another group had always run with shoes And the third group had changed to shoeless running
Runners who wear shoes usually come down their heel first That puts great force on the back of the foot But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heel The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe so it would seem more likely to come down first Also the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot They say it takes some training And there can be risks like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured
The study was partly supported by Vibram which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot The findings have gotten a lot of attention But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website
1What’s the main idea of the passage
A Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot
B Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels
C Running in shoes is partly good to runners
D Two new studies prove running without shoes is less risky to runners in most cases 2Which part of our body could be injured if we run in running shoes
A Toes B Hips C Feet D Legs 3What can we learn from the passage
A The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel
B We should start running barefoot in no time
C Running in modern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels
D We won’t be injured if we run barefoot
4What is the writer’s attitude toward the use of the modern running shoes
A Persuasive B Negative C Objective D Supportive
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Purpose Tells what will be made or done
May include a brief description of the product
Requirements List of what is needed
List may include ingredients materials and tools etc
Steps In order of what needs to be done
Include pictures
Steps clearly explain What needs to be done How it needs to be done Steps usually start with an action verb
Steps are numbered in order 1
2
3
4
5
Part II Answer the following questions
1 What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph
A It’s delicate B It’s expensive
C It’s complex D It’s portable
2 What does the underlined phrase the water catcher in paragraph 2 refer to
A The tube B The still C The hole D The cup
3 What is the last step of constructing a working solar still
A Dig a hole of a certain size B Put the cup in place
C Weight the sheet’s center down D Cover the hole with the plastic sheet
4 When a solar still works drops of water come into the cup from
A the plastic tube B outside the hole
C the open air D beneath the shee
Part III Reading and Comprehension
A
Have you ever heard someone say You totally look like you’re a Jessica or something similar People seem to think that they know what kind of person a Jessica or a Michael looks like Why is this
According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology humans tend to associate people＇s names with their appearances and can even guess someone’s name based on how they look
Researchers collected thousands of photos of people faces They labeled(贴标签) each photo with four names
Then they asked volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct
The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38 of the time It seems that certain characteristics of faces give them clues about someone’s name Reader＇s Digest reported
However this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture In addition the volunteers were not as good at guessing the real names of people who used nicknames more often than their real names This may show that a person＇s appearance is affected ed by their name only if they use it often
This kind of facename matching happens because of a process of a selffulfilling prophecy(预言)as we become
what other people expect us to become Ruth Mayo from Tile University told science news website EurekAlert
Earlier studies have shown that gender and race stereotypes((刻板印象) can affect a person’s appearance The researchers believe there are also similar stereotypes about names For example people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round People may think that women named Rose are beautiful They expect them to be delicate and female just like the flower they are named for
1 How is this passage developed
A By giving examples B By asking questions
C By introducing an experiment D By comparing different cases
2 Why do some people look like their names according to Ruth Mayo
A They want to please everyone around them
B They don’t want to be different from others
C They tend to become what others expect them to become
D They loke to copy famous people who share the same name
3 What may be the best title for this passage
A What determines our names B Why we look like our names
C How we get rid of our stereotypes D How stereotypes affect people’s looks
Homework Assignment A
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research both the size and consumption habits of our
eating companions can influence our food intake And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份) it＇s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments In the first 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面)participate in a study about movie
viewership Before the film began each woman was asked to help herself to a snack An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first In her natural state the actor weighed 105 pounds But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food The participants followed suit taking more food than they normally would have However they took significantly more when the actor was thin
For the second test in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls In the other case she took 30 pieces The results were similar to the first test the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we＇re making decisions If this fellow participant is going to eat more so will I Call it the I＇ll have what she＇s having effect However we＇ll adjust the influence If an overweight person is having a large portion I＇ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits But if a thin person eats a lot I＇ll follow suit If he can eat much and keep slim why can＇t I
1 What is the recent study mainly about
A Food safety B Movie viewership C Consumer demand D Eating behavior
2 What does the underlined word beanpoles in Paragraph 1 refer to
A Big eaters B Overweight persons C Picky eaters D Tall thin persons
3 Why did the researchers hire the actor
A To see how she would affect the participants
B To test if the participants could recognize her
C To find out what she would do in the two tests
D To study why she could keep her weight down
4 On what basis do we adjust the influence according to the last paragraph
A How hungry we are
B How slim we want to be
C How we perceive others
D How we feel about the food
B
Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners
One study involved sixtyeight healthy young women and men who ran at least twentyfour kilometers a week The runners were observed on a treadmill machine(跑步机) Sometimes they wore running shoes Other times they ran barefoot(赤脚)
Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees hips and ankle joints than running barefoot They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine
The other study appeared in the journal Nature It compared runners in the United States and Kenya The
researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland
They divided the runners into three groups One group had always run shoeless Another group had always run with shoes And the third group had changed to shoeless running
Runners who wear shoes usually come down their heel first That puts great force on the back of the foot But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heel The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe so it would seem more likely to come down first Also the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot They say it takes some training And there can be risks like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured
The study was partly supported by Vibram which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot The findings have gotten a lot of attention But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website
1What’s the main idea of the passage
A Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot
B Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels
C Running in shoes is partly good to runners
D Two new studies prove running without shoes is less risky to runners in most cases 2Which part of our body could be injured if we run in running shoes
A Toes B Hips C Feet D Legs 3What can we learn from the passage
A The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel
B We should start running barefoot in no time
C Running in modern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels
D We won’t be injured if we run barefoot
4What is the writer’s attitude toward the use of the modern running shoes
A Persuasive B Negative C Objective D Supportive
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《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
该内容是文档的文本内容，更好的格式请下载文档
