注意:
1 果陈述句中出现never seldom hardly scarcely rarely few little nobody no one nothing等含否定意义词时反义疑问句肯定式
She seldom goes to the concert does she 少听音乐会?
2 陈述部分there be句型时反义疑问句be (not) +there结构
There is a book under the bed isn't there 床书?
3 祈句反义疑问句通常will youLet's引导祈句反义疑问句部分shall we Let us引导祈句反义疑问句部分 will you
Let's play football shall we 起踢足球吧?
Let us have a look at your book will you 眼书吧?
4 肯定祈句反义疑问句will youwon't you行否定祈句反义疑问will you
Go to bed early willwon't you 早点睡觉?
5 I thinkbelieve+ 宾语句反义疑问时宾语句部分进行反问问句中助动词语宾语句保持致
I think he is right isn't he 认?
二 动语态结构
() 般现时
1 英语语态动语态动语态两种动语态表示语动作执行者动语态表示语动作承受者构成:be+分词
:The classroom is cleaned every day 教室天扫
2 般现时动语态构成常:
①肯定句:语+ am is are +分词(+by+动作执行者)+
:Math is studied (by us) every day 数学天()学
②否定句:语+ am is are + not +分词(+by+动作执行者)+
:Science is not studied (by us) every day 科学天()学
③般疑问句:Am Is Are +语+分词(+by+动作执行者)+
:Is Jack's bedroom cleaned (by him) every day Jack卧室天()扫?
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ am is are (+语)+分词(+by+动作执行者)+
:How long are smart phones used (by you) every day
智手机天()久?
What is used by us every day
什东西天会?
注意:
1动句转化成动句时时态变称数宾格变化
:She always beats them 总败
→They are always beaten by her 总败
2带双宾语谓语动词变动语态时两种变法:
①间接宾语变语直接宾语保留变
②直接宾语变语保留间接宾语保留间接宾语前加介词to for
:His teacher gives him a book 老师书
→He is given a book by his teacher (间接宾语him变语)
→A book is given to him by his teacher (直接宾语a book变语)
注意:介词选择搭配动词决定常见介词to搭配give show bring lend send等介词for搭配buy make draw等
3物动词没动语态许物动词+副词介词构成动词短语相物动词宾语动语态时介词副词省略
:He turns off the TV when I am reading books 书时关电视
→The TV is turned off when I am reading books 书时电视关
(二) 般时
语动作执行者时通常动语态语动作承受者时通常动语态般时动语态构成常:
肯定句:语+ was were +分词(+ by+动作执行者)+
否定句:语+ was were not +分词(+ by+动作执行者)+
般疑问句:Was Were +语+分词(+by+动作执行者)+
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ was were +(语)+分词+(by+动作执行者)+
注意:
☆动词定式作宾语补足语时动语态中宾语变动语态语宾语补足语位置变
例:The school encouraged students to train for the high jump 学校鼓励学生跳高训练
Students were encouraged by the school to train for the high jump 学生学校鼓励跳高训练
☆宾语补足语to do中to省略时变动语态时宾语补足语里加to
例:The boss made him finish the work in one day
老板天完成工作
He was made to finish the work in one day by the boss
老板求天完成工作
三 howhow+adjhow+adv引导特殊疑问句
How意样疑问副词引导特殊疑问句:
1 问身体健康况等
How are you 样
2 问天气状况
How is the weather today 天天气样
3 询问方式
How does your mother go to work every day 妈妈天班
4 询问程度
How do you like this book 觉书样
二 How形容词副词搭配:
1 How old问年龄
How old is your friend 朋友?
2 How many询问数名词数量接数名词复数
How many pictures are there on the wall 墙少幅画?
3 How much询问数名词数量物品价格重量等
How much milk do you drink every day 天喝少牛奶?
How much are the apples today 天苹果什价钱?
How much does the pig weigh 头猪重?
4 How long提问物体长度时间长短
How long is this street 条街长?
How long does it take you to do your homework every day 天花长时间做作业?
5 How soonin+段时间提问表示久
How soon will you be back 久回?
6.How often表示频率副词短语提问
How often does Mrs Green go shopping Green夫久购次物?
7.How far 两间距离提问
How far is it from the earth to the moon 球月球远?
四特殊疑问句法
特殊疑问句指知道事物作出提问求方出具体回答疑问句句首疑问代词疑问副词回答时根具体情况作出回答yesno句末降调
特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词+般疑问句?例:
What is he doing over there
When do you go to school
Where is your school
How many pencils do you have
Who is he
注意:特殊疑问词句中作语作定语修饰语时句子陈述句语序例:
Who is there
What is on the desk
Whose hat is lost
1 疑问词what构成疑问句
What does your father do(询问职业)
What's the date today(询问日期)
What's three plus four(询问数量)
What colour is your new sweater(询问颜色)
What does your father look like (询问外貌)
2 疑问词how构成疑问句
How do you feel(询问感受)
How do you go to school(询问方式)
How is the weather(询问天气)
How old is he(询问年龄)
How many books do you have(询问数量)
How much is the dress(询问价钱)
How about you(询问情况)
How far is it from here(询问距离)
3 疑问词when构成疑问句
When is your birthday(询问日期)
4 疑问词where 构成疑问句
Where are you going(询问)
Where is your teacher(询问点)
5 疑问词why构成疑问句
Why do you go to the grocery store(询问原)
6 疑问词whose构成疑问句
Whose coat is this(询问物)
7 疑问词which构成疑问句
Which way is south(询问方位)
Which is the first month of the year(询问月份)
五whenwhileas引导时间状语句
1 when意……时候引导句时谓语动词延续性动词短暂性动词句中动词表动作表状态语动作句动作时间时时
例:When I was watching TV my mother came back
2 while意……时候……期间指时间段句中谓语动词必须延续性动词强调句动作句动作时发生句动作发生句动作程中
例:My father is cooking while my mother is reading newspapers
3 as意……时候着……句中谓语动词延续性动词短暂性动词强调两动作时发生某事发生事立发生
例:As she was making a phone call I was writing a letter
The little girls sang as they danced
异点
whenwhileas时间状语句前连词意……时候
1 相点:
句谓语动词延续性动词时:whenwhileas互换while
例:Mother was worried because little Alice was ill especially aswhenwhile father was away in France
2 点:
六would like综合法
Would you like…
例句:Hi would you like to come to my birthday party
愿意生日派?
讲解:would like表达意愿意想愿意want语义相语气委婉客气接名词代词宾格to do
() 疑问句中常见句型餐提供帮助邀请三种:
(1)表示餐提供帮助时
Would you like someto have… 想吃……?
该句型提问时希方肯定答复someany该问句肯定回答Yes please否定回答No thanks
例:Would you like some apples 想苹果?
No thanks 谢谢
Would you like to have some cake 想吃蛋糕?
Yes please 请点
(2)Would you like to do… 愿意做……?
该句型方发出礼貌邀请建议中likelove互换该句型肯定回答通常Yes I'd likelove to否定回答通常I'd likelove to but
例:Would you likelove to go shopping with us
Yes I'd like to
想起购物?
乐意
(二) 陈述句中
(1)would like to do… 想做某事
例:I would like to have a walk after dinner 想晚饭走走
(2)would like sb to do… 想某做某事
例:I would like you to stay there 想
七宾语句
() 引导词
宾语句通常连词thatwhetherif连接代词连接副词引导:
1 that引导
that引导宾语句that句中充成分起连接句作没含义常常省略
We believe (that) he is honest 相信诚实
I suggest (that) we should go tomorrow 建议明天走
2 whetherif引导
whetherif引导宾语句whetherif句中充成分起连接作表示否含义whetherif常互换句中含or not者句介词whether
I don’t know whetherif he’ll arrive in time 知道否时
I asked her whether she agreed or not 问否意
My teacher worried about whether she could teach us in a better way老师担心否更方式教
3 连接代词引导
引导宾语句连接代词:what which who whom等
I don’t know whowhom you mean 知道指谁
Please tell me which you like 告诉喜欢
You don’t know what you are talking about 说什知道
Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected 明天时候会知道谁选
4 连接副词引导
引导宾语句连接副词:when where why howhow组成相关疑问词组等
He asked why he had to go alone 问什必须
You don’t know when you are lucky 身福中知福
I asked how he was getting on 问情况样
He knows where they live 知道住里
Have you found out how wide the ditch was 解条沟宽
(二) 时态变化
1 句般现时宾语句时态适时态宾语句时态应根实际情况定:
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk
2 句时态般时宾语句时态般适时态(选时态般时进行时时完成时某种形式):
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby
3 宾语句表达客观真理规律时句种时态句般现时:
The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it
He said that light travels much faster than sound
八感叹句:What&How
() what感叹句基句型
(1) What+aan+adj+数名词单数(+语+谓语)
What a good girl (she is) ()女孩呀
What an important lesson (it is) ()重课呀
(2) What+adj+数名词复数(+语+谓语)
What good students (they are) ()学生啊
(3) What+adj+数名词(+语+谓语)
What great news (it is) ()消息呀
(4) What+(冠词) +名词
What a pity 真遗憾
What fun 玩啊
(二) how感叹句基句型
(1) How+adj+(语+谓语)(时谓语系动词)
How hot it is 天真热
(2) How+adv+(语+谓语)(时谓语行动词)
How fast he runs 跑真快
(3) How+语+谓语
I am so tired How I need to rest 累需休息呀
注意:
1 感叹句中what aan常修饰单数数名词名词前面形容词元音音素开头an反a
2 what修饰复数数名词数名词数名词rain surprise breakfast time等前面形容词修饰时抽象名词具体化what aan:
What a big surprise it is 惊喜啊
注意:news information weather progress等数名词适规
九系动词综合运
系动词常见类型纳:be动词(amisare)感官动词(feellooksmellsoundtaste)表变(getbecometurngrow)表保持(keepremainstay)表似(seemappear)需接名词形容词定式动名词等作表语构成系表结构说明语状况性质特征等情况
例:
This matter remains a mystery 事谜
He looks tired 起累
She grew rich within a short time 没长时间富
My dream is to be a scientist 梦想成名科学家
My hobby is reading 爱阅读
He seems (to be) very sad 似伤心
注意
系动词作系动词作实义动词表示……起保持变似常作系动词表示含义时常作实义动词:look 见sound听见taste品尝feel 觉keep保存appear出现等均作实义动词
例:He looks happy (表示起系动词接形容词)
He looks at the flowers happily(表示见实义动词应副词修饰)
十动名词法综合
() 动名词作语
动名词作语常表示常性惯性动作谓语常第三称单数形式
1动名词句首直接作语
例:Walking after supper is good for health
晚饭散步益健康
2It句首作形式语动名词短语移作真正语常见句型:
It is no use doing sth It is not any use doing sth It is useless doing sth
做某事
It is no good doing sth It is not any good doing sth 做某事益
例:It is no use crying over split milk
覆水难收
(二) 动名词作宾语
1 作动词(词组)宾语:
常见接动名词动词:
enjoy finish stand advise allow permit avoid consider imagine keep understand mind risk miss delay practise suggest escape
接动名词动词词组构成通常动词+介词常见:
put off depend on think about set about succeed in worry about burst out insist on feel like
例:We're considering buying a new car
考虑买辆新车
2 作介词宾语:
例:I know who is responsible for breaking the window
知道谁破窗户
注意
1to作介词接动名词作宾语:
常见含介词to词组:
devote to doing sth ……献做某事
pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
beget used to doing sth 惯做某事
look forward to doing sth 盼做某事
例:We are looking forward to taking part in the opening ceremony of the art to be held next week
盼参加星期举行艺术节开幕式
省略介词in情况:
spend time (in) doing sth 花费时间做某事
have difficultytrouble (in) doing sth 做某事困难
have a goodhard time (in) doing sth 做某事愉快艰难
例:I spent half an hour doing my homework
花半时写作业
(三) 动名词作表语
动名词作表语常表示语容语性质特征构成常:语+系动词+doing+语常表语互换位置
例:My hobby is collecting old coins Collecting old coins is my hobby
爱收集旧硬币
注意称结构中语表语选定式动名词时前应保持致
例:To forget is to forgive
Forgetting is forgiving
忘记原谅
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