2019年 6 月英语六级真题试卷（第三套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of
motivation and methods in learning You can cite examples to illustrate your views You
should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
说明：2019年6月六级考试全国考2套听力套真题听力前2套容完全样序样套真题中重复出现
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage
Steel is valued for its reliability but not when it gets cold Most forms of steel 26 become brittle (脆) at temperatures below about 25℃ unless they are mixed with other metals Now though a novel type of steel has been developed that resists 27 at much lower temperatures while retaining its strength and toughness without the need for expensive 28
Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War After German Uboats torpedoed (鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships a 2700strong fleet of cheapandcheerfulLiberty shipswas introduced to replace the lost vessels providing a lifeline for the 29 British But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships 30 in the icy north Atlantic and 12 broke in half and sank
Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions such as oil rigs in the Arctic So scientists have 31 to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel
Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical 32 Rather than adding other metals they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation known as tempforming
The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is 33 to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and therefore very expensive
Kimura's team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultrahigh strength parts such as bolts They hope to reduce both the number of 34 needed in a construction job and their weight by replacing solid supports with 35 tubes for example This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges
A) abruptly B) additives C) approach D) ardently E) besieged F) channel
G) comparable H) components I) cracked J) fractures K) hollow L) relevant
M) reshuffled N) strived O) violent
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
The future of personal satellite technology is here are we ready for it
A) Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations But increasingly as space becomes more democratized they are coming within reach of ordinary people Just like drones (机) before them miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads
B) As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights these satellites hold tremendous potential for making satellitebased science more accessible than ever before However as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply the risks of irresponsible use grow The question here is no longerCan webutShould weWhat are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled asprofessionals And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years
C) Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill CubeSats TheCubehere simply refers to the satellite's shape The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk These minisatellites can fit in a launch vehicle's formerlywasted spaceMultiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone
D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communications receiverstransmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space as well as space around Earth They're primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth where humantended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out But they can attain more distant orbits NASA plans for most of its future Earthescaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats
E) Because they're so small and light it costs much less to get a CubeSat into Earth's orbit than a traditional communications or GPS satellite For instance a research group here at Arizona State University recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as 3000 to put in orbit This decrease in cost a11ows researchers hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS
F) The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students to design build test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSR's Sputnik (前苏联造卫星) Since then NASA the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats There arc more than 130 currently in operation The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions is now open to US nonprofit corporations as well Clearly satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore
G) The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't riskflee The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris pieces ofjunkthat orbit the earth with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units including the ISS
H) Currently there aren't many CubeSats and they're tracked closely Yet as LEO opens up to more amateur satellites they may pose an increasing threat As the report authors point out even nearmisses might lead to thecreation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats
I) CubeSat researchers suggest that now's the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possible consequences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf how can we trust the satellites over our heads were developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing Someexpert amateursin the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly
J) In 1969 the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts' (业余线电爱者) participation in space research and communication It continued the efforts begun in 1961 by Project OSCAR a USbased group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik As an organization of volunteers AMSAT was puttingamateursatellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze And over time its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility Here opensource development has been a central principle Within the organization AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization and when possible the public According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1A AMSAT's first CubeSat this means that there s no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation
K) However they're more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control of their satellites This form ofselfgovernanceis possible within longstanding amateur organizations that over time are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members as well as society in general But what happens when new players emerge who don't have deep roots within the existing culture
L) Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a longstanding amateur establishment They're still constrained by funders launch providers and a series of regulations all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do But there's a danger they're illequipped to think through potential unintended consequences What these unintended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear Yet we know innovators can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone we have microfinance and textbased social networking at one end of the spectrum and improvised (时制作) explosive devices at the other
M) This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology This is not an easy task Yet the'evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies The challenge here of course is ensuring that what an amateur communities considers to be responsible actually is Here's where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities to include students hobbyists and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology
36 Given the easier accessibility to space it is time to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites
37 A group of minisatellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks
38 The greater accessibility of minisatellites increases the risks of their irresponsible use
39 Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost
40 AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking of their satellites
41 NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes
42 Even with constraints it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes
43 While making significant contributions to space science CubeSats may pose hazards to other space vehicles
44 Minisatellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it
45 AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessible to its members preventing the abuse of amateur satellites
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this sectionEach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statementsFor each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
When I reentered the fulltime workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary selfemployment there was one thing I was looking forward to the most the opportunity to have work friends once again It wasn’t until I entered the corporate world that I realized for me at least being friends with colleagues didn’t emerge as a priority at all This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work So much research has explored the way in which collegial (事) ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as teambased conflict jealousy undermining anger and more
Perhaps my expectations of lunches watercooler gossip and caring deepandmeaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment Whereas now as I near the end of my fourth decade I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you
In an academic analysis just published in the profoundlyrespected Journal of Management researchers have looked at the concept of indifferent relationships It’s a simple term that encapsulates (概括) the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be nonintimate inconsequential unimportant and even dare I say it disposable or substitutable
Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative The limited research conducted thus far indicates they’re especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation and harmony over confrontation Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort For some of us too much effort
As noted above indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits One of those is efficiency Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning (产出)
The other is selfesteem As human beings we’re primed to compare ourselves to each other in what is an anxietyinducing phenomenon Apparently we look down on acquaintances more so than friends Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships their predominance can bolster individuals’ sense of selfworth
Ego aside a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation to strengthen one’s focus on task resolution and to gain greater access to valuable information None of that might be as fun as afterwork socializing but hey I’ll take it anyway
46 What did the author realize when he reentered the corporate world
A) Making new friends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticipated
B) Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings
C) Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than selfemployment
D) Building close relationships with his colleagues was not as important as he had expected
47 What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships
A) Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity
B) Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate
C) Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality
D) Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere
48 What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis
A) They should be cultivated B) They are virtually irrelevant
C) They are vital to corporate culture D) They should be reasonably intimate
49 What does the author say about people who are socially lazy
A) They feel Uncomfortable when engaging in social interactions
B) They often find themselves in confrontation with their colleagues
C) They are Unwilling to make efforts to maintain Workplace relationships
D) They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues
50 What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships
A) They provide fun at Work B) They help control emotions
C) They help resolve differences D) They improve Work efficiency
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
In a few decades artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make us special This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an irrational response
One of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early 2017 was the efforts of Google to make autonomous driving a reality According to a report Google’s selfdriving cars clocked 1023330 krn and required human intervention 124 times That is one intervention about every 8047 km of autonomous driving But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year human interventions fell from 08 times per thousand miles to 02 a 400 improvement With such progress Google’s cars will easily surpass my own driving ability later this year
Driving once seemed to be a very human skill But we said that about chess too Then a computer beat the human world champion repeatedly The board game Go (围棋) took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in 2016 when a computer beat one of the world’s leading professional Go players With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks what will it mean in the future to be human I worry about my sixyearold son What will his place be in a world where machines beat us in one area after another He’ll never calculate faster never drive better or even fly more safely Actually it all comes down to a fairly simple question What’s so special about us It can’t be skills like arithmetic which machines already excel in So far machines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer and yet more than simple randomness
Perhaps if we continue to improve informationprocessing machines we’ll soon have helpful rational assistants So we must aim to complement the rationality of the machine rather than to compete with it If I'm right we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine Unfortunately however our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality Indeed our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostly obedient servants of rationality and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decisionmaking But most of all we need to keep the longterm perspective in mind that even if computers will outsmart us we can still be the most creative Because if we aren’t we won’t be providing much value in future ecosystems and that may put in question the foundation for our existence
51 What is the author’s greatest concern about the use of AI
A) Computers are performing lots of creative tasks
B) Many abilities will cease to be unique to human beings
C) Computers may become more rational than humans
D) Many human skills are fast becoming outdated
52 What impresses the author most in the field of AI
A) Google’s experimental driverless cars require little human intervention
B) Google’s cars have surpassed his driving ability in just a single year
C) Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short time
D) Google has become a world leader in the field of autonomous driving
53 What do we learn from the passage about creativity
A) It is rational B) It is predictable
C) It is human specific D) It is yet to be emulated by AI
54 What should schools help children do in the era of AI
A) Cultivate original thinking B) Learn to work independently
C) Compete with smart machines D) Understand how AI works
55 How can we humans justify our future existence
A) By constantly outsmarting COmputers B) By adopting a longterm perspective
C) By rationally COmpromising with AI D) By providing value with our creativity
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into EnglishYou should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
汉语现世界作族语数语言汉语西方语言重区
方块字(character)字母构成目前书写系统中汉语古老
中国区听懂方方言汉子统书写形式交
流起没困难汉语历史团结中华民族发挥重作天着中国
济快速增长全球影响力增强越越国家开始学汉语
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Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of
motivation and methods in learning You can cite examples to illustrate your views You
should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
说明：2019年6月六级考试全国考2套听力套真题听力前2套容完全样序样套真题中重复出现
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage
Steel is valued for its reliability but not when it gets cold Most forms of steel 26 become brittle (脆) at temperatures below about 25℃ unless they are mixed with other metals Now though a novel type of steel has been developed that resists 27 at much lower temperatures while retaining its strength and toughness without the need for expensive 28
Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War After German Uboats torpedoed (鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships a 2700strong fleet of cheapandcheerfulLiberty shipswas introduced to replace the lost vessels providing a lifeline for the 29 British But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships 30 in the icy north Atlantic and 12 broke in half and sank
Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions such as oil rigs in the Arctic So scientists have 31 to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel
Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical 32 Rather than adding other metals they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation known as tempforming
The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is 33 to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and therefore very expensive
Kimura's team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultrahigh strength parts such as bolts They hope to reduce both the number of 34 needed in a construction job and their weight by replacing solid supports with 35 tubes for example This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges
A) abruptly B) additives C) approach D) ardently E) besieged F) channel
G) comparable H) components I) cracked J) fractures K) hollow L) relevant
M) reshuffled N) strived O) violent
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
The future of personal satellite technology is here are we ready for it
A) Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations But increasingly as space becomes more democratized they are coming within reach of ordinary people Just like drones (机) before them miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads
B) As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights these satellites hold tremendous potential for making satellitebased science more accessible than ever before However as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply the risks of irresponsible use grow The question here is no longerCan webutShould weWhat are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled asprofessionals And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years
C) Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill CubeSats TheCubehere simply refers to the satellite's shape The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk These minisatellites can fit in a launch vehicle's formerlywasted spaceMultiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone
D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communications receiverstransmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space as well as space around Earth They're primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth where humantended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out But they can attain more distant orbits NASA plans for most of its future Earthescaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats
E) Because they're so small and light it costs much less to get a CubeSat into Earth's orbit than a traditional communications or GPS satellite For instance a research group here at Arizona State University recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as 3000 to put in orbit This decrease in cost a11ows researchers hobbyists and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS
F) The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students to design build test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSR's Sputnik (前苏联造卫星) Since then NASA the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats There arc more than 130 currently in operation The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions is now open to US nonprofit corporations as well Clearly satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore
G) The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't riskflee The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris pieces ofjunkthat orbit the earth with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units including the ISS
H) Currently there aren't many CubeSats and they're tracked closely Yet as LEO opens up to more amateur satellites they may pose an increasing threat As the report authors point out even nearmisses might lead to thecreation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats
I) CubeSat researchers suggest that now's the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possible consequences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf how can we trust the satellites over our heads were developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing Someexpert amateursin the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly
J) In 1969 the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts' (业余线电爱者) participation in space research and communication It continued the efforts begun in 1961 by Project OSCAR a USbased group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik As an organization of volunteers AMSAT was puttingamateursatellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze And over time its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility Here opensource development has been a central principle Within the organization AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization and when possible the public According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1A AMSAT's first CubeSat this means that there s no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation
K) However they're more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control of their satellites This form ofselfgovernanceis possible within longstanding amateur organizations that over time are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members as well as society in general But what happens when new players emerge who don't have deep roots within the existing culture
L) Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a longstanding amateur establishment They're still constrained by funders launch providers and a series of regulations all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do But there's a danger they're illequipped to think through potential unintended consequences What these unintended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear Yet we know innovators can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone we have microfinance and textbased social networking at one end of the spectrum and improvised (时制作) explosive devices at the other
M) This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology This is not an easy task Yet the'evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies The challenge here of course is ensuring that what an amateur communities considers to be responsible actually is Here's where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities to include students hobbyists and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology
36 Given the easier accessibility to space it is time to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites
37 A group of minisatellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks
38 The greater accessibility of minisatellites increases the risks of their irresponsible use
39 Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost
40 AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking of their satellites
41 NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes
42 Even with constraints it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes
43 While making significant contributions to space science CubeSats may pose hazards to other space vehicles
44 Minisatellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it
45 AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessible to its members preventing the abuse of amateur satellites
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this sectionEach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statementsFor each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
When I reentered the fulltime workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary selfemployment there was one thing I was looking forward to the most the opportunity to have work friends once again It wasn’t until I entered the corporate world that I realized for me at least being friends with colleagues didn’t emerge as a priority at all This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work So much research has explored the way in which collegial (事) ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as teambased conflict jealousy undermining anger and more
Perhaps my expectations of lunches watercooler gossip and caring deepandmeaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment Whereas now as I near the end of my fourth decade I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you
In an academic analysis just published in the profoundlyrespected Journal of Management researchers have looked at the concept of indifferent relationships It’s a simple term that encapsulates (概括) the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be nonintimate inconsequential unimportant and even dare I say it disposable or substitutable
Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative The limited research conducted thus far indicates they’re especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation and harmony over confrontation Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort For some of us too much effort
As noted above indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits One of those is efficiency Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning (产出)
The other is selfesteem As human beings we’re primed to compare ourselves to each other in what is an anxietyinducing phenomenon Apparently we look down on acquaintances more so than friends Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships their predominance can bolster individuals’ sense of selfworth
Ego aside a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation to strengthen one’s focus on task resolution and to gain greater access to valuable information None of that might be as fun as afterwork socializing but hey I’ll take it anyway
46 What did the author realize when he reentered the corporate world
A) Making new friends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticipated
B) Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings
C) Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than selfemployment
D) Building close relationships with his colleagues was not as important as he had expected
47 What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships
A) Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity
B) Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate
C) Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality
D) Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere
48 What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis
A) They should be cultivated B) They are virtually irrelevant
C) They are vital to corporate culture D) They should be reasonably intimate
49 What does the author say about people who are socially lazy
A) They feel Uncomfortable when engaging in social interactions
B) They often find themselves in confrontation with their colleagues
C) They are Unwilling to make efforts to maintain Workplace relationships
D) They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues
50 What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships
A) They provide fun at Work B) They help control emotions
C) They help resolve differences D) They improve Work efficiency
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
In a few decades artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make us special This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an irrational response
One of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early 2017 was the efforts of Google to make autonomous driving a reality According to a report Google’s selfdriving cars clocked 1023330 krn and required human intervention 124 times That is one intervention about every 8047 km of autonomous driving But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year human interventions fell from 08 times per thousand miles to 02 a 400 improvement With such progress Google’s cars will easily surpass my own driving ability later this year
Driving once seemed to be a very human skill But we said that about chess too Then a computer beat the human world champion repeatedly The board game Go (围棋) took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in 2016 when a computer beat one of the world’s leading professional Go players With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks what will it mean in the future to be human I worry about my sixyearold son What will his place be in a world where machines beat us in one area after another He’ll never calculate faster never drive better or even fly more safely Actually it all comes down to a fairly simple question What’s so special about us It can’t be skills like arithmetic which machines already excel in So far machines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer and yet more than simple randomness
Perhaps if we continue to improve informationprocessing machines we’ll soon have helpful rational assistants So we must aim to complement the rationality of the machine rather than to compete with it If I'm right we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine Unfortunately however our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality Indeed our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostly obedient servants of rationality and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decisionmaking But most of all we need to keep the longterm perspective in mind that even if computers will outsmart us we can still be the most creative Because if we aren’t we won’t be providing much value in future ecosystems and that may put in question the foundation for our existence
51 What is the author’s greatest concern about the use of AI
A) Computers are performing lots of creative tasks
B) Many abilities will cease to be unique to human beings
C) Computers may become more rational than humans
D) Many human skills are fast becoming outdated
52 What impresses the author most in the field of AI
A) Google’s experimental driverless cars require little human intervention
B) Google’s cars have surpassed his driving ability in just a single year
C) Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short time
D) Google has become a world leader in the field of autonomous driving
53 What do we learn from the passage about creativity
A) It is rational B) It is predictable
C) It is human specific D) It is yet to be emulated by AI
54 What should schools help children do in the era of AI
A) Cultivate original thinking B) Learn to work independently
C) Compete with smart machines D) Understand how AI works
55 How can we humans justify our future existence
A) By constantly outsmarting COmputers B) By adopting a longterm perspective
C) By rationally COmpromising with AI D) By providing value with our creativity
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into EnglishYou should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
汉语现世界作族语数语言汉语西方语言重区
方块字(character)字母构成目前书写系统中汉语古老
中国区听懂方方言汉子统书写形式交
流起没困难汉语历史团结中华民族发挥重作天着中国
济快速增长全球影响力增强越越国家开始学汉语
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